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Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

Year 2022, Issue: 15, 53 - 68, 10.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1173344

Abstract

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick is a brilliant science fiction novel that tries to determine the thresholds of being human. In the book, the boundaries between being a human and an android almost do not exist except for one determinant: lack of empathy in androids. This alleged difference between humans and androids is the most important point of justification for destroying or “retiring” the latter. This brings out the discussion if these robots have any rights because they are portrayed as autonomous and sentient beings. In addition, the novel also questions if human beings can be deprived of their rights and if so in what cases this can happen. Measuring the worth of life then is one of the most significant discussions of the book because the author essentially forces the characters and the readers to contemplate the qualities that make one a human. Furthermore, animal rights also cover an important part of the novel. The difference between authentic and robotic animals as well as their symbolic connotations contribute to the novel’s main theme. In this context, this article aims to reveal how human, robot and animal rights are addressed in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

References

  • Ayala, Francisco J. (2010). “The Difference of Being Human: Morality”. PNAS, 107(2): 9015-9022.
  • Bryson, Joanna J. (2010). “Robots Should Be Slaves”. Close Engagements with Artificial Companions. Ed. Yorick Wilks. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing, 63-74.
  • Dick, Philip K. (1968). Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? London: Orion Books.
  • Duignan, Brian (ed.) (2011). The History of Western Ethics. New York: Britannica Publishing.
  • Galvan, Jill (1997). “Entering the Posthuman Collective in Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. Science Fiction Studies, 24(3): 413-429.
  • Gunkel, David J. (2012). The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on AI, Robots, and Ethics. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Güzel, Firuze (2021). Postmodern Perception of Values, Morals and Ethics in Contemporary American Science-Fiction Novel. PhD Dissertation. Izmir: Ege University Social Sciences Institute.
  • Huntington, John (1988). “Philip K. Dick: Authenticity and Insincerity”. Science Fiction Studies, 15(2): 152-160.
  • Kahn, Peter H., et.al. (2007). “What is a Human? Toward Psychological Benchmarks in the Field of Human–Robot Interaction”. Interaction Studies, 8(3): 363-390.
  • Karadaş, Fırat (2021). “Enlightenment Ideology Awry in Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. JAST, 55: 45-162.
  • Kevles, Daniel J. (1999). “Eugenics and Human Rights”. BMJ, 319: 435-438.
  • Singer, Peter (2011). Practical Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • URL-1: www.britannica.com/topic/speciesism (Accessed 28.04.2022).
  • URL-2: https://adata.org/learn-about-ada (Accessed 25.04.2022).
  • van Wynsberghe, Aimee & Robbins, Scott (2019). “Critiquing the Reasons for Making Artificial Moral Agents”. Science and Engineering Ethics, 25: 719–735.
  • Vint, Sherryl (2007). “Speciesism and Species Being in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal, 40(1): 111-126.
  • Warren, Mary Anne (1973). “On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion”. The Monist, 57(1): 43-61.

Androidler Elektrikli Koyun Düşler mi? Romanında İnsan, Robot ve Hayvan Hakları

Year 2022, Issue: 15, 53 - 68, 10.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1173344

Abstract

Philip K. Dick tarafından kaleme alınan Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? [Androidler Elektrikli Koyun Düşler Mi?] adlı yapıt insan olmanın sınırlarını konu edinen bir bilim kurgu romanıdır. Eserde, insanlar ve androidler arasında tek bir belirleyici dışında bir farklılık yoktur. Bu belirleyici ise androidlerde görülen empati eksikliğidir. İnsanlar ve androidler arasındaki bu sözde fark, androidleri yok etmek veya “emekli etmek” için gösterilen en önemli gerekçedir. Bu durum androidlerin romanda özerk ve duyarlı varlıklar olarak tasvir edilmeleri sebebiyle herhangi bir hakları olup olmadığı tartışmasını ortaya çıkarır. Ayrıca kitap, insanların haklarından mahrum bırakılıp bırakılamayacağını ve bu mahrumiyetin hangi durumlarda olabileceğini de sorgular. Bu anlamda varlıkların yaşam değerinin belirlenmedi kitabın en önemli temalarından biridir, zira yazar okuyucuları karakterleri ve okuyucuları insanı insan yapan nitelikler üzerinde düşünmeye sevk etmektedir. Ayrıca hayvan hakları da romanın önemli bir bölümünü kapsar. Gerçek ve robot hayvanlar arasındaki fark ve onların simgesel çağrışımları romanın ana temasına katkıda bulunur. Sonuç olarak, bu makale, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? romanında insan, robot ve hayvan haklarının nasıl ele alındığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Ayala, Francisco J. (2010). “The Difference of Being Human: Morality”. PNAS, 107(2): 9015-9022.
  • Bryson, Joanna J. (2010). “Robots Should Be Slaves”. Close Engagements with Artificial Companions. Ed. Yorick Wilks. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing, 63-74.
  • Dick, Philip K. (1968). Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? London: Orion Books.
  • Duignan, Brian (ed.) (2011). The History of Western Ethics. New York: Britannica Publishing.
  • Galvan, Jill (1997). “Entering the Posthuman Collective in Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. Science Fiction Studies, 24(3): 413-429.
  • Gunkel, David J. (2012). The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on AI, Robots, and Ethics. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Güzel, Firuze (2021). Postmodern Perception of Values, Morals and Ethics in Contemporary American Science-Fiction Novel. PhD Dissertation. Izmir: Ege University Social Sciences Institute.
  • Huntington, John (1988). “Philip K. Dick: Authenticity and Insincerity”. Science Fiction Studies, 15(2): 152-160.
  • Kahn, Peter H., et.al. (2007). “What is a Human? Toward Psychological Benchmarks in the Field of Human–Robot Interaction”. Interaction Studies, 8(3): 363-390.
  • Karadaş, Fırat (2021). “Enlightenment Ideology Awry in Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. JAST, 55: 45-162.
  • Kevles, Daniel J. (1999). “Eugenics and Human Rights”. BMJ, 319: 435-438.
  • Singer, Peter (2011). Practical Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • URL-1: www.britannica.com/topic/speciesism (Accessed 28.04.2022).
  • URL-2: https://adata.org/learn-about-ada (Accessed 25.04.2022).
  • van Wynsberghe, Aimee & Robbins, Scott (2019). “Critiquing the Reasons for Making Artificial Moral Agents”. Science and Engineering Ethics, 25: 719–735.
  • Vint, Sherryl (2007). “Speciesism and Species Being in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal, 40(1): 111-126.
  • Warren, Mary Anne (1973). “On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion”. The Monist, 57(1): 43-61.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Firuze Güzel 0000-0001-6846-7529

Publication Date December 10, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Güzel, F. (2022). Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(15), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1173344
AMA Güzel F. Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. KAD. December 2022;(15):53-68. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1173344
Chicago Güzel, Firuze. “Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 15 (December 2022): 53-68. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1173344.
EndNote Güzel F (December 1, 2022) Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 15 53–68.
IEEE F. Güzel, “Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”, KAD, no. 15, pp. 53–68, December 2022, doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1173344.
ISNAD Güzel, Firuze. “Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 15 (December 2022), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1173344.
JAMA Güzel F. Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. KAD. 2022;:53–68.
MLA Güzel, Firuze. “Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 15, 2022, pp. 53-68, doi:10.46250/kulturder.1173344.
Vancouver Güzel F. Human, Robot, and Animal Rights in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. KAD. 2022(15):53-68.