Rushdie’nin Seküler Milliyetçiliği ve Üstkurmacanın Sınırları

Year 2023, Issue: 16, 111 - 135, 10.03.2023

Hüseyin Ekrem Ulus

https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1225503

Abstract

Bu makale ilk olarak Salman Rushdie'nin Geceyarısı Çocukları adlı romanında üstkurmaca kullanımını analiz etmekte ve bu anlatım tekniğinin romanın kimlik politikalarıyla nasıl bağlantılı olduğunu açıklamaktadır. Birçok Rushdie eleştirmeni, yazarın eserini melezlik kavramına dayalı kapsayıcı kimlik siyaseti nedeniyle haklı olarak övmüş olsa da, bu makale Rushdie'nin Geceyarısı Çocukları'nda üstkurmaca tekniğinin kültürel sınırlarını tartışmaktadır. Daha somut olarak bu makale, Jose Casanova'nın teorisinde tarif ettiği seküler milliyetçiliğin, Rushdie'nin dini yönelime sahip karakterleri açıkça dışlayan üstkurmacasının kültürel sınırlarını belirlediğini savunmaktadır. Metodolojik olarak, makale ilk olarak Geceyarısı Çocukları'nın melezlik kavramına nasıl dayandığını açıklamak için Rushdie'nin üstkurmacayı kendine özgü kullanma biçimini tartışmaktadır. Bir sonraki bölüm Rushdie'nin romanı ile teorisi arasında bağlantı kurmaktadır: Makale, Imaginary Homelands adlı eserinin analizi ve 2011 yılında yapılan bir röportaj aracılığıyla, Rushdie'nin teorisinde gösterildiği şekliyle romanın seküler milliyetçiliğinin izini sürmektedir. Sonuç bölümünde Rushdie'nin eserinin üstkurmaca, sekülerizm, milliyetçilik, kimlik ve aidiyet bağlamında karşılaştırmalı bir analizi yer almaktadır.

Keywords

üstkurmaca, seküler milliyetçilik, stereotipleştirme, Rushdie, roman

Rushdie’s Secularist Nationalism, and the Limits of Metafiction

Abstract

This paper first analyzes the use of metafiction in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight's Children; and explains how this narrative technique is connected to the novel’s identity politics. Even though several Rushdie critics have justifiably praised Rushdie’s work for its inclusive identity politics based on hybridity, this paper discusses the limits of Rushdie's metafiction in Midnight's Children, and argues that Rushdie's secularist nationalism in Jose Casanova's sense defines the limits of his metafiction, which is clearly exclusive of characters with religious orientation. Methodologically, the paper first discusses Rushdie's distinctive way of using metafiction in order to explicate how Midnight's Children is based on the concept of hybridity. The following part connects Rushdie's novel to his theory: through an analysis of his Imaginary Homelands and a 2011 interview, I trace the novel's secularist nationalism as shown in Rushdie's theory. The conclusion provides a comparative analysis of Rushdie’s work regarding metafiction, secularism, nationalism, identity and belonging.

Keywords

metafiction, secularist nationalism, stereotyping, Rushdie, novel

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