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Görünmez Yolcular: Alan Gratz'ın Refugee Romanında Çocuk Mülteci Kimlikleri

Year 2023, Issue: 17, 13 - 24, 10.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1268581

Abstract

20. yüzyılın başlarıyla birlikte gelişen küresel politikalar ve çatışmalar, bir asırdan fazla bir süredir küresel mülteci krizlerini tetiklemiş, aidiyet krizi ve uyum sorunlarını tartışmalı hale getirmiştir. Birinci ve İkinci Dünya Savaşları ve ardından gelen Soğuk Savaş dönemi, sömürgeci devletlerin özgürlük mücadeleleri, Körfez Savaşı ve son olarak Suriye iç savaşı, mülteci krizini hep gündemde tutmuştur. Edebiyatta da geniş bir yer bulan mülteci sorunları ve göçmen kimlikleri, postkolonyal bir perspektiften geniş çapta tartışılmıştır. Ancak mülteci çocuklar ve psikolojik mücadeleleri hem siyasi hem de sosyal anlamda genel olarak görünmez kalmış ve çocuk dünyasında yetişkin sorunlarıyla yüzleşmek zorunda kalan bu çocuklar her zaman gündemin dışında bırakılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Alan Gratz'ın romanı Refugee, görünmezi görünür kılmakta ve mülteci çocukları ve kimlik krizlerini tartışmak için iyi bir temel oluşturmaktadır. Farklı zamanlarda geçen üç farklı hikâyeden oluşan roman, geçmiş mülteci krizlerini günümüz sorunlarıyla ilişkilendirmiş, 1938 Almanya, 1994 Küba ve 2015 Suriyeli mülteci krizlerini genç ergenlerin bakış açısıyla aktararak dünya çapında büyük ilgi görmüştür. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, Alan Gratz'ın Refugee romanındaki farklı çocuk mülteci karakterlere odaklanmayı, görünmez çocuk mültecilerin kimlik krizlerini postkolonyal ve neo-kolonyal perspektiflerden tartışmayı ve konuyu bilimsel bir temele oturtmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Bağlama, Sercan H. (2020). “A Postcolonial Approach to Contemporary Refugee Literature: Benjamin Zephaniah’s Refugee Boy”. TRT Akademi, 5(10): 630-643.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. (1996). Locations of Culture: Discussing Post-Colonial Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Bronstein, Israel & Montgomery, Paul (2011). “Psychological Distress in Refugee Children: A Systematic Review”. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), 44–56.
  • Dizayi, Saman A. H. (2015). “The Crisis of Identity in Postcolonial Novels”. Proceedings of INTCESS 15 - 2nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences. Istanbul: Ocerint Publishing, 999-1007.
  • Fazel, Mina & Stein, Alan (2002). “The Mental Health of Refugee Children”. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 87(5), 366–370.
  • Gratz, Alan (2017). Refugee. New York: Scholastic Press.
  • James, Delores C. S. (1997). “Coping with a New Society: The Unique Psychosocial Problems of Immigrant Youth”. Journal of School Health, 67(3), 98-102.
  • Lifland, Amy (2013). “Right Wing Rising: Eurozone Crisis and Nationalism”. Harvard International Review, 34(3): 9–10.
  • McCarthy, Kristin (1998). “Adaptation of Immigrant Children to the United States: A Review of the Literature”. Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, 98(3): 1-61.
  • Rubik, Margarete (2019). “Refugee Experience in Alan Gratz’s Refugee and Gillian Cross’ After Tomorrow Margarete Rubik Summary as a Response to Recent”. Acta Neophilologica, 52(1-2): 5–29.
  • Rustenbach, Elisa (2010). “Sources of Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants in Europe: A Multi-Level Analysis”. International Migration Review, 44(1): 53–77.

Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel

Year 2023, Issue: 17, 13 - 24, 10.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1268581

Abstract

The global policies and conflicts that developed with the beginning of the 20th century have triggered global refugee crises for more than a century and made the crisis of belonging and adaptation problems controversial. The First and Second World Wars and the subsequent Cold War period, the freedom struggles of the colonial states, the Gulf War and finally, the Syrian civil war have always kept the refugee crisis on the agenda. Refugee problems and migrant identities, which also find a vast place in literature, have been widely discussed from a postcolonial perspective. However, refugee children and their psychological struggles have generally remained invisible, both politically and socially, and these children, who have to face adult problems in their children's world, have always been left out of the agenda. In this context, Alan Gratz's novel Refugee makes the invisible visible and provides a good basis for discussing refugee children and identity crises. The novel, which consists of three different stories set at different times, has linked past refugee crises with today's problems and has attracted a lot of attention globally by conveying the 1938 Germany, 1994 Cuba and 2015 Syrian refugee crises from the perspective of young adolescents. In conclusion, this study aims to focus on the different child refugee characters in Alan Gratz's novel Refugee, discuss the identity crises of the invisible child refugees from postcolonial and neo-colonial perspectives, and put the subject on a scientific basis.

References

  • Bağlama, Sercan H. (2020). “A Postcolonial Approach to Contemporary Refugee Literature: Benjamin Zephaniah’s Refugee Boy”. TRT Akademi, 5(10): 630-643.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. (1996). Locations of Culture: Discussing Post-Colonial Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Bronstein, Israel & Montgomery, Paul (2011). “Psychological Distress in Refugee Children: A Systematic Review”. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), 44–56.
  • Dizayi, Saman A. H. (2015). “The Crisis of Identity in Postcolonial Novels”. Proceedings of INTCESS 15 - 2nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences. Istanbul: Ocerint Publishing, 999-1007.
  • Fazel, Mina & Stein, Alan (2002). “The Mental Health of Refugee Children”. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 87(5), 366–370.
  • Gratz, Alan (2017). Refugee. New York: Scholastic Press.
  • James, Delores C. S. (1997). “Coping with a New Society: The Unique Psychosocial Problems of Immigrant Youth”. Journal of School Health, 67(3), 98-102.
  • Lifland, Amy (2013). “Right Wing Rising: Eurozone Crisis and Nationalism”. Harvard International Review, 34(3): 9–10.
  • McCarthy, Kristin (1998). “Adaptation of Immigrant Children to the United States: A Review of the Literature”. Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, 98(3): 1-61.
  • Rubik, Margarete (2019). “Refugee Experience in Alan Gratz’s Refugee and Gillian Cross’ After Tomorrow Margarete Rubik Summary as a Response to Recent”. Acta Neophilologica, 52(1-2): 5–29.
  • Rustenbach, Elisa (2010). “Sources of Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants in Europe: A Multi-Level Analysis”. International Migration Review, 44(1): 53–77.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Büyükgebiz 0000-0003-1911-1766

Publication Date June 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 17

Cite

APA Büyükgebiz, M. (2023). Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(17), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1268581
AMA Büyükgebiz M. Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel. KAD. June 2023;(17):13-24. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1268581
Chicago Büyükgebiz, Mustafa. “Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 17 (June 2023): 13-24. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1268581.
EndNote Büyükgebiz M (June 1, 2023) Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 17 13–24.
IEEE M. Büyükgebiz, “Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel”, KAD, no. 17, pp. 13–24, June 2023, doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1268581.
ISNAD Büyükgebiz, Mustafa. “Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 17 (June 2023), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1268581.
JAMA Büyükgebiz M. Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel. KAD. 2023;:13–24.
MLA Büyükgebiz, Mustafa. “Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 17, 2023, pp. 13-24, doi:10.46250/kulturder.1268581.
Vancouver Büyükgebiz M. Invisible Travellers: Child Refugee Identities in Alan Gratz’s Refugee Novel. KAD. 2023(17):13-24.