Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Oryantalist Paradigmayı Çözümleme: George R. R. Martin’in Buz ve Ateşin Şarkısı Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Analiz

Year 2024, Issue: 23, 37 - 52, 10.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1537624

Abstract

George R.R. Martin, Buz ve Ateşin Şarkısı adlı kitap serisinde, Avrupa merkezli bir bakış açısını oryantalist temalarla işleyerek Westeros ve Essos’dan oluşan fantastik bir diyar yaratır. Bu diyarlar arasındaki kültürel, eğitsel ve politik ikilik, yazarın kurgusal Doğu ve Batı’sı arasındaki farkları ortaya koyar. Batı, daha medenileşmiş ve üstün bir bölge olarak tasvir edilirken; Doğu ise daha egzotik ve barbar bir alan olarak resmedilir. Beş kitap boyunca, Asya, Orta Doğu ve Afrika’yı temsil eden Essos, sürekli olarak barbar ve büyüsel ritüeller, çıplaklık, kölelik, vahşilik, egzotik ve erotik unsurlarla ilişkilendirilir ve dolayısıyla yaşam için daha tehlikeli bir yer olarak betimlenir. Öte yandan, Avrupa’yı temsil eden Westeros, daha medeni, eğitimli ve şövalye ruhuna sahip, her türlü sözde üstün Avrupa ve Hristiyan değerleriyle donatılmış olarak sunulur. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma, Edward Said’in post-kolonyal oryantalizm eleştirisini irdeleyerek, George R.R. Martin’in Buz ve Ateşin Şarkısı adlı başyapıtındaki dünya inşa etme tekniklerinde yer alan Avrupa merkezli paradigmanın tezahürlerini açığa çıkarmayı ve oryantalizmin fantastik edebiyatın geniş yelpazesinde ne gibi sonuçlar doğurduğunu analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, Buz ve Ateşin Şarkısı serisindeki romanların yakından incelenmesiyle, Westeros ve Essos arasındaki karşıtlık ön plana çıkarılacak ve Martin'in kurgusal dünyasında Batı toplumlarının merkezde, Doğu kültürlerinin ise ötekileştirildiği unsurlar detaylandırılarak, üstün olan Batı ve aşağı olan Doğu anlayışını sürekli kılan unsurlar açıklanacaktır.

References

  • Ahmad, Aijaz (1992). “Orientalism and After Ambivalence and Cosmopolitan Location in the Work of Edward Said”. Economic & Political Weekly, 27(30): 98-116.
  • Balfe, Myles (2004). “Incredible Geographies? Orientalism and Genre Fantasy”. Social & Cultural Geography, 5(1): 75-90.
  • Burney, Shehla (2012). “Orientalism: The Making of the Other”. Counterpoints, 417: 23-39.
  • Macfie, Alexander L. (2000). “Introduction”. Orientalism: A Reader. Ed. Alexander L. Macfie. New York: New York University Press, 1-8.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2005a). A Clash of Kings. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2005b). A Storm of Swords. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2011). A Game of Thrones. Glasgow: Harper Voyager.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2013). A Dance with Dragons. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Said, Edward (2000a). “Arabs, Islam and The Dogmas of the West”. Orientalism: A Reader. Ed. Alexander L. Macfie. New York: New York University Press, 104-105.
  • Said, Edward (2000b). “Shattered Myths”. Orientalism: A Reader. Ed. Alexander L. Macfie. New York: New York University Press, 89-103.
  • Said, Edward (2003). Orientalism. London: Penguin Books.
  • Spivak, Gayatri C. (1988). “Can The Subaltern Speak?” Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Eds. Cary Nelson & Lawrence Grossberg. London: Macmillan Education, 271-313.
  • Young, Helen (2016). Race and Popular Fantasy Literature: Habits of Whiteness. London: Routledge.
  • Young, Robert J. C. (2004). White Mythologies. London: Routledge.

Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire

Year 2024, Issue: 23, 37 - 52, 10.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1537624

Abstract

In his book series, A Song of Ice and Fire, George R.R. Martin constructs a fantasyland of Westeros and Essos in which he employs a Eurocentric perspective through Orientalist tropes. This reveals a cultural, educational, and political dichotomy between his fictional Orient and Occident, depicting a more civilised and superior Westland and a more exotic and barbaric Eastland. Throughout the five books, Essos, which stands for Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, is always associated with barbaric and magical rituals, nakedness, slavery, savagery, and exotic and erotic elements, and is therefore depicted as a more dangerous landscape to live in. Westeros which represents Europe on the other hand, is portrayed as more civilised, educated, and chivalric, bestowed with every so-called superior European and Christian value. In this context, this study attempts to interrogate Edward Said’s post-colonial critique of Orientalism to elucidate the manifestations of the Eurocentric paradigm inherent in George R.R. Martin’s world-building techniques within his magnum opus, A Song of Ice and Fire, and to dissect the implications of the Orientalism within the broad spectrum of fantasy literature. To this end, through a close reading of the novels, this article will foreground the contrast between Westeros and Essos, highlighting the central position of Western societies and the otherisation of Eastern cultures by detailing the elements that perpetuate the superiority of the Occident and the inferiority of the Orient in Martin's fictional world.

References

  • Ahmad, Aijaz (1992). “Orientalism and After Ambivalence and Cosmopolitan Location in the Work of Edward Said”. Economic & Political Weekly, 27(30): 98-116.
  • Balfe, Myles (2004). “Incredible Geographies? Orientalism and Genre Fantasy”. Social & Cultural Geography, 5(1): 75-90.
  • Burney, Shehla (2012). “Orientalism: The Making of the Other”. Counterpoints, 417: 23-39.
  • Macfie, Alexander L. (2000). “Introduction”. Orientalism: A Reader. Ed. Alexander L. Macfie. New York: New York University Press, 1-8.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2005a). A Clash of Kings. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2005b). A Storm of Swords. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2011). A Game of Thrones. Glasgow: Harper Voyager.
  • Martin, George R. R. (2013). A Dance with Dragons. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Said, Edward (2000a). “Arabs, Islam and The Dogmas of the West”. Orientalism: A Reader. Ed. Alexander L. Macfie. New York: New York University Press, 104-105.
  • Said, Edward (2000b). “Shattered Myths”. Orientalism: A Reader. Ed. Alexander L. Macfie. New York: New York University Press, 89-103.
  • Said, Edward (2003). Orientalism. London: Penguin Books.
  • Spivak, Gayatri C. (1988). “Can The Subaltern Speak?” Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Eds. Cary Nelson & Lawrence Grossberg. London: Macmillan Education, 271-313.
  • Young, Helen (2016). Race and Popular Fantasy Literature: Habits of Whiteness. London: Routledge.
  • Young, Robert J. C. (2004). White Mythologies. London: Routledge.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects North American Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İsmail Can Dinçer 0009-0000-6663-4338

Publication Date December 10, 2024
Submission Date August 23, 2024
Acceptance Date October 17, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 23

Cite

APA Dinçer, İ. C. (2024). Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(23), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1537624
AMA Dinçer İC. Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire. KAD. December 2024;(23):37-52. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1537624
Chicago Dinçer, İsmail Can. “Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 23 (December 2024): 37-52. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1537624.
EndNote Dinçer İC (December 1, 2024) Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 23 37–52.
IEEE İ. C. Dinçer, “Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire”, KAD, no. 23, pp. 37–52, December 2024, doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1537624.
ISNAD Dinçer, İsmail Can. “Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 23 (December 2024), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1537624.
JAMA Dinçer İC. Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire. KAD. 2024;:37–52.
MLA Dinçer, İsmail Can. “Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 23, 2024, pp. 37-52, doi:10.46250/kulturder.1537624.
Vancouver Dinçer İC. Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire. KAD. 2024(23):37-52.
Bu eser CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı altındadır.
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0