THE EFFECT OF CLINOPTILOLITE (ZEOLITE) ADMINISTRATION ON ABOMASAL EMPTYİNG RATE IN CALVES

Abstract

The planned research aimed to determine the effect of clinoptilolite (zeolite), which is known to have preventive and therapeutic effects against diarrhea in calves, on the abomasal emting rate. In this context, the Holstein breed neonatal calves of both sexes were divided into two equal groups (n=7). Zeolite (1 g/kg) and acetaminophen (50 mg/kg) were added to the milk of the calves in the zeolite group, and only acetaminophen was added to the control group. Blood samples were taken at 0. minutes before the application and 30., 60., 90., 120., 180., 240., and 300. minutes after the application. Considering the changes in plasma acetaminophen concentrations in time-dependent plasma levels, it was determined that there were no significant changes at the end of the study between the zeolite and control group calves. On the other hand, when the time to reach the maximum concentration of both groups was examined, it was observed that the Tmax time was significantly lower than the calves in the control group, and the acetaminophen absorption was higher in the calves treated with zeolite. Abomasal emptying time was insignificantly shorter in zeolite-treated calves compared to control group calves. It was determined that zeolite, which has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect against diarrhea, does not have a negative effect on abomasal emptying and is a safe agent to use.

Keywords

• Abomasal emptying
• Acetaminophen
• Calf
• Clinoptilolite
• Zeolit

BUZAĞILARDA KLİNOPTİLOLİT (ZEOLİT) UYGULAMASININ ABOMAZAL BOŞALMA ORANINA ETKİSİ

Abstract

Planlanan çalışmada buzağı ishallerinde koruyucu ve tedavi etkinliği bilinen klinoptilolitin (zeolit)’ in abomazal boşalma oranına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu kapsamda holstein ırkı, her iki cinsiyetten, süt emme dönemindeki buzağılardan eşit sayıda (n=7) 2 grup olarak belirlendi. Zeolit grubunda bulunan buzağılara süt içerisine zeolit (1 gr/kg) ve asitaminofen (50 mg/kg) ilavesi, kontrol grubuna ise yalnızca asetaminofen ilavesi yapıldı. Kan örnekleri uygulama öncesi 0. dk ve uygulama sonrası 30., 60., 90., 120., 180., 240. ve 300., dakikalarda olacak şekilde alındı. Plazma asetaminofen konsantrasyonlarının zamana bağlı plazma seviyelerinde değişimler göz önüne alındığında, zeolit ve kontrol grubu buzağıları arasında çalışma sonunda anlamlı değişimlerin bulunmadığı belirlendi. Diğer taraftan her iki grubun maksimum konsantrasyona ulaşma süreleri incelendiğinde Tmax süresinin kontrol grubunda bulunan buzağılara göre anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu ve zeolit uygulanan buzağılarda asetaminofen emilimin daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlendi. Zeolit uygulanan buzağılarda abomazal boşalma zamanı kontrol grubu buzağılarına göre istatistiksel önem oluşturmayacak seviyede daha kısa sürede gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle ishale karşı profilaktik ve terapötik etkisi bulunan zeolitin, abomazal boşalma üzerine olumsuz bir etki oluşturmadığı ve güvenle kullanılabilecek bir ajan olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Abomazal boşalma
• Asetaminofen
• Buzağı
• Klinoptilolit
• Zeolit

References

1. Bell FR, Green AR, Wass JAH, Webber DE. Intestinal control of gastric function in the calf: the relationship of neural and endocrine factors. The Journal of Physiology,1981; 321(1), 603-610
2. Braun U, Steiner A, Kaegi B. Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings and the results of treatment in cattle with acute functional pyloric stenosis. The Veterinary Record, 1990;126(5), 107-110.
3. Cerbu C, Ilaș VA, Czopowicz M, Potârniche AV, Bodart-Nieva EP, Mureșan EA, Pall E. The use of activated micronized zeolite clinoptilolite as a possible alternative to antibiotics and chestnut extract for the control of undifferentiated calf diarrhea: An in vitro and in vivo study. Animals, 2020;10(12), 2284
4. Constable PD, Miller GY, Hoffsis GF, Hull BL, Rings DM. Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1992;53, 1184–1192
5. Constable PD, Wittek T, Ahmed AF, Marshall TS, Sen I, Nouri M. Abomasal pH and emptying rate in the calf and dairy cow and the effect of commonly administered therapeutic agents [Conference Presentation]. In Proceedings of the XXIV World Buiatrics Congress, Nice, France, 2006.
6. Constable PD, Trefz FM, Sen I, Berchtold J, Nouri M, Smith G, Grünberg W. Intravenous and oral fluid therapy in neonatal calves with diarrhea or sepsis and in adult cattle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021;7, 603358.
7. Dardillat C and Ruckebusch Y. Aspects fonctionnels de la jonction gastroduodénale chez le veau nouveau-né. In Annales de Recherches Vétérinaires, 1973;4(1), 31-56
8. Dschaak CM, Eun JS, Young AJ, Stott RD, Peterson S. Effects of supplementation of natural zeolite on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and lactational performance of dairy cows. The Professional Animal Scientist, 2010;26(6), 647-654.

9. Grce M and Pavelić K. Antiviral properties of clinoptilolite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2005; 79(1-3), 165-169
10. Guard C, Schwark W, Kelton D, Dobson A. Effects of metoclopramide, clenbuterol and butorphanol on ruminoreticular motility of calves. The Cornell Veterinarian, 1988;78(1), 89-98.
11. Güzelbekteş H, Altunok V, Koç Y, Elmas M, Şen İ. Sağlıklı buzağılarda yüksek ve düşük doz sisaprid ve betanekol’ün abomazum motilite ve boşalma oranına etkisi. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 2017;7(1), 1-11.
12. Habel RE. A study of the innervation of the ruminant stomach. Cornell Veterinarian, 1956;46, 555-633.
13. Karatzia MA, Katsoulos PD, Karatzias H. Diet supplementation with clinoptilolite improves energy status, reproductive efficiency and increases milk yield in dairy heifers. Animal Production Science, 2013;53(3), 234-239
14. Kertz AF and Loften JR. A historical perspective of specific milk-replacer feeding programs in the United States and effects on eventual performance of Holstein dairy calves. The Professional Animal Scientist, 2013;29(4), 321-332.
15. Khan MA,Weary DM, Von Keyserlingk MAG. Invited review: Effects of milk ration on solid feed intake, weaning, and performance in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 2011;94(3), 1071-1081.
16. Maity S, Rubić I, Kuleš J, Horvatić A, Đuričić D, Samardžija M, Mrljak V. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics dynamics of serum samples reveals dietary zeolite clinoptilolite supplementation restores energy balance in high yielding dairy cows. Metabolites, 2021;11(12), 842
17. Marshall TS, Constable PD, Crochik SS, Wittek T. Determination of abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves by use of nuclear scintigraphy and acetaminophen absorption. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2005;66(3), 364- 374.
18. Marc S, Kirovski D, Mircu C, Hutu I, Otavă G, Paul C, Tulcan C. Serum protein electrophoretic pattern in neonatal calves treated with clinoptilolite. Molecules, 2018;23(6), 1278
19. Mumpton FA. La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1999;96(7), 3463-3470.
20. Nadziakiewicza M, Kehoe S, Micek P. Physico-chemical properties of clay minerals and their use as a health promoting feed additive. Animals, 2019;9(10), 714.
21. Nouri M, Hajikolaee MR, Constable PD, Omidi A. Effect of erythromycin and gentamicin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2008;22(1), 196-201.
22. Pasricha PJ and Parkman HP. Gastroparesis: definitions and diagnosis. Gastroenterology Clinics, 2015;44(1), 1-7.
23. Pavelić K, Hadžija M, Bedrica L, Pavelić J, Ðikić I, Katić M, Čolić M. Natural zeolite clinoptilolite: new adjuvant in anticancer therapy. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2001;78(12), 708-720
24. Sangeetha C and Baskar P. Zeolite and its potential uses in agriculture: A critical review. Agricultural Reviews, 2016;37(2), 101-108.
25. Shabbooie Z and Ghane M. (2022). Effect of erythromycin on abomasal emptying in suckling lambs with experimental endotoxemia. Small Ruminant Research, 2022;207, 106593.
26. Songer JG and Miskimins DW. Clostridial abomasitis in calves: Case report and review of the literature. Anaerobe, 2005;11(5), 290-294.
27. Schulze-Delrieu K and Brown CK. Emptying of saline meals by the cat stomach as a function of pyloric resistance. American Journal of PhysiologyGastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 1985;249(6), 725-732.
28. Thomas JE. Mechanics and regulation of gastric emptying. Physiological Reviews, 1957;37(4), 453-474.
29. Thomas JE, Crider JO, Mogan CJ. A study of reflexes involving the pyloric sphincter and antrum and their role in gastric evacuation. American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 1934;108(3), 683-700
30. Roussel AJ, Brumbaugh GW, Waldron RC, Baird AN. Abomasal and duodenal motility in yearling cattle after administration of prokinetic drugs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1994;55(1), 111-115
31. Wittek T and Constable PD. Assessment of the effects of erythromycin, neostigmine, and metoclopramide on abomasal motility and emptying rate in calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2005;66(3), 545-552
32. Wittek T, Tischer K, Körner I, Sattler T, Constable PD, Furll M. Effect of preoperative erythromycin or dexamethasone/vitamin C on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in dairy cows undergoing surgical correction of abomasal volvulus. Veterinary Surgery, 2008;37(6), 537-544
33. Zdelar F, Hahn V, Martinic B, Dzekov R. Effect of the antiemetic metoclopramide on the digestive tract of fattening calves, and its use in digestive disorders. Veterinarski Glasnik, 1979;33, 761-766