Mandaların Enerji ve Besin Madde Gereksinimi

Abstract

Keywords

• -

Energy and Nutrient Requirements of Buffaloes

Abstract

Manda çevre artlarına dayanıklı, hastalıklara dirençli, sindirim sisteminin özelli i itibariyle dü ük kaliteli kaba yemleri etkili ekilde süte, ete dönü türme yetene ine sahip ruminanttır. Ancak, bu hayvanlara uygulanacak yanlı ve bilinçsiz besleme programı hastalıklara, verim kaybına, dolayısıyla önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu ba lamda mandaların enerji ve protein, mineral, vitamin, su gibi besin madde gereksinimlerinin tam olarak kar ılanması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede ülkemiz hayvan populasyonu içinde ba ta süt kalitesi olmak üzere et üretimiyönünden de önemli bir yer tutan mandaların ya ama ve verim payı için gereksinim duydu u enerji ve besin maddeleri hakkında bilgi verilmektedir

Keywords

• -

References

1. ahin M, Büyükkebabcı M (1997) Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Mandacılık. Tarım ve Köyi leri Bakanlı ı, Kocatepe Tarımsal Ara tırma Enstitüsü, Hizmet içi
2. E itim Semineri, 7 Ocak, Afyon.
3. Borghese A, Mazzi M (2005) Buffalo population and strategies in the world. In: Borghese, A. Buffalo Production and Research. Reu Technical Series 67, Italy. p: 1-39.
4. Tripaldi C (2005) Buffalo milk quality, Chapter IX. In: Borghese, A. Buffalo Production and Research. Reu Technical Series 67, Italy. p: 173-183.
5. Borghese A (2005) Buffalo meat and meat industry. Chapter XI. In: Borghese, A. Buffalo Production and Research. Reu Technical Series 67, Italy. p: 197- 247.
6. Ranjhan SK (1999) Meat production from buffaloes in India. Indian J Anim Prod, 31: 198-203.
7. zgi AN, Asker R, Çetinkaya M, ahin M, Kılıç A (1990) Kastre edilmi ve kastre edilmemi genç erkek mandaların besi gücü, kesim ve karkas özellikleri. Mandacılık Ara tırma Enstitüsü Yay., No: 24, Afyon.
8. ekerden Ö (2001) Manda Yeti tiricili i. Büyükba Hayvan Yeti tirme. Temizyürek Ofset Matbaacılık, Hatay.

9. Moioli B, Borghese A (2005) Buffalo Breeds and Managements Systems. Chapter III. In: Borghese, A. Buffalo Production and Research. Reu Technical Series, 67, Italy. p: 51-76.
10. Mahadevan P (1992) Distribution, ecology and adaptation of river buffaloes. In: Buffalo production, production-system approach. (Eds. M.H. Tulooh,., J.H.G. HolmesWorld Animal Science, c6., Elsevier Scientific Publications, Amsterdam, Netherlands. p: 1–58.
11. ekerden Ö, Kebapçı M, Kopar A (1996) Buffalo population and production in Turkey. Buffalo Newsletter, 5: 7-8.
12. Anonim (1992) DIE. Tarımsal Yapı ve Üretim. Devlet statistik Enstitüsü Matbaası.
13. Wanapat M (2001) Swamp buffalo rumen ecology and its manipulation. Proceedings Buffalo Workshop, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, De- cember 2001, Thailand.
14. Paul SS, Mandal AB, Mandal GP, Kannan A, Pathak NN (2003) Comparative dry matter intake and nutrient utilization efficiency in lactating cattle and buffaloes. J Sci Food Agric, 83: 258-267.
15. Puppo S, Bartocci S, Terramoccia S, Grandoni F, Amici A (2002) Rumen microbial counts and in vivo digestibility in buffaloes and cattle given different diets. British Society of Animal Sci, 75: 323-329.
16. Mudgal VD (1988) Energy and protein requirements for Dairy buffaloes. II World Buffalo Congress, New Delhi, India, December. A compendium of latest research information based on indian studies, 130-141.
17. Bartocci S, Tripaldi C, Terramoccia S (2002) Characteristics of foodstuffs and diets, and the quanti-qualitative milk parameters of Mediterranean buffaloes bred in Italy using the intensive system. An estimate of the nutritional requirements of buffalo herds lactating or dry. Livestock Production Science, 77: 45-58.
18. Kawashima T (2005) Role of native ruminants in establishment of sustainable agricultural systems in northeast Thailand. Disponivel em: http://ss.jircas.affrc.go.jp/ kanko/workingreport/No.30/30-01-10.pdf.
19. Terramoccia S, Bartocci S, Borghese A (2005) Nutritional Requirements in Buffalo Cows and Heifers, Chapter VII. In: Borghese, A. Buffalo Production and Research. Reu Technical Series, 67, Italy. p: 145-160.
20. Fiest M (1999) Basic nutrition of bison. Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food
21. Zicarelli L (2004) Water Buffalo Nutrition, ZOOTEC 2004 – VI Congresso Internacional de Zootecnia, XIV Congresso Nacional de Zootecnia, X Reuniao Nacional de Ensino em Zootecnia e XVII Forum de Entidades de Zootecnia, Brasilia 28–31.
22. Campanile G (2006) Nutrition and milk production in dairy buffalo. Proc. III Simposio de bşfalos de las Américas and 2nd Buffalo symposium of the Europe and Americans. 6-8 September, Medelin (Colombia) 132-141
23. Devendra C (1989) The nutrition of and feeding strategies for improving productivity in buffalo genotypes. Paper Presented At The International Sympo- sium On Buffalo Genotypes For Small Farms In Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 15-19 May 1989.
24. El-Nenaey, Soheir, M, H Fawzy A, Khattab RM (1996) Effect of vitamine E and selenium supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of Egyptian buffaloes. International Symposium on Buffalo Resources and Production Systems. 14-17 Oct., 1996, Cairo, Egypt, 62-69.
25. Paul SS, Mandal AB, Pathak NN (2002) Feeding standarts for lactating riverine buffaloes in tropical conditions. Journal of Dairy Research, 69: 173-180.
26. Bartocci S, Terramoccia S, Puppo S (2005) New acquisitions on the digestive physiology of the mediterranean buffalo. Chapter VIII. In: Borghese, A. Buffalo Production and Research. Reu Technical Series 67, Italy. p:161-172.
27. Usmani RH, Inskeep EK (1989) Effect of Prepartum Feeding on Milk Yield and Calf Growth Rate in Limited-Suckled and Nonsuckled Buffaloes. J Dairy Sci, 72: 2087-2094.
28. Tufarelli V, Dario M, Laudadio V (2008) Diet composition and milk characteristics of Mediterranean water buffaloes reared in Southeastern Italy during spring season. Livestock Res Rural Develop, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy 20, (10).
29. Karabulut A, zgi AN, Güven Y, laslan M, Özer N (1984) Besin madde oranları farklı rasyonlarla besiye alınan yerli ırk mandaların besi gücü, vücut ölçüleri ve karkas özellikleri üzerinde ara tırmalar. Çayır Mera ve Zootekni Ara Ens Yay, No: 89, Ankara.
30. Pathak NN (2005) Comparison of feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and performance of cattle (B. indicus and B. indicus x B. taurus crosses) and Buffa- loes (Swamp and Indian) In: Coping with feed scarcity in smallholder livestock systems in developing countries. Ayantunde AA, Fernandez-Rivera, McCrabb editors. Animal Science UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands, University of Reading, Reading, UK, Science Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland and Intern Livest Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. 209-233.
31. Campanile G, Neglia G, Grassi C, Gasparrini B, Di Palo R, Zicarelli G (2005) Influence of body condition score, blood ammonia and serum urea levels on conception rate in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. Ital J Anim Sci, 4(2): 313-315. Proc. 16. Congr. ASPA, Torino, Italy.
32. Hayashi Y, Shah S, Shah SK, Kumagai H (2005) Dairy production and nutritional status of lactating buffalo and cattle in small-scale farms in Terai, Nepal. Livestock Res Rural Develop, 17(6).
33. Anonymous (2003) Code of practice for farmed buffalo in Western Australia. Published by the Department of Local Government and Regional Develop- ment Western Australia. Available at: http://www.dlgrd.wa.gov.au
34. Proto V (1993) L'alimentazione della bufala. Giornata di studio su "Alimentazione zootecnica e qualità del latte bovino e bufalino", 29 Ottobre 1993, Eboli (SA): 1-42.
35. Ståhl-Högberg M, Lind O (2003) Buffalo Milk Production. http://www.milkproduction.com/Library/Authors/Mikaela_Ståhl_Högberg.htm
36. Habib G, Hameed A, Akmal M (2007) Current feeding management of peri-urban dairy buffaloes and scope for improvement. Pakistan Vet J, 27(1): 35-41.
37. Mahmoudzadeh H, Fazaeli H, Kordnejad I, Mirzaei HR (2007) Response of male buffalo calves to different levels of energy and protein in finishing diets. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sci, 10(9): 1398-1405.
38. Basra MJ, Khan MA, Nisa M, Riaz M, Tuqeer NA, Saeed MN (2003) Nili-Ravi buffalo II. energy and protein requirements of 9-12 months old calves. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 1560-8530: 380-381.
39. Basra MJ, Khan MA, Nisa M, Riaz M, Tuqeer NA, Saeed MN (2003) Nili-Ravi buffalo II. energy and protein requirements of 12-15 months old calves. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 1560-8530: 382-383.
40. Punia BS, Singh S (2001) Buffalo calf feeding and management. Buffalo Bulletin, 20(1): 3-11.
41. Technical-Scientific Committee (2002) Technical-Scientific Committee of the consortium for the protection of Campania buffalo mozzarella cheese, "Regolamento per la gestione igienica ed alimentare dell'allevamento bufalino in relazione alla produzione della Mozzarella di bufala campana DOP" Ed.: Consorzio Tutela Mozzarella di Bufala Campana, S. Nicola la strada (CE), Italy.
42. Bertoni G, Di Lella T, Bartocci S (1994) Nuove acquisizioni nel campo dell’alimentazione dei bufali. Agricoltura Ricerca, 153: 159-172.
43. I.N.R.A. (1995) Nutrition des Ruminants Domestiques, ingestion et digestion. Cap. IV and VI.
44. Singhal KK, Mohini M, Jha AK, Gupta PK (2005) Methane emission estimates from enteric fermentation in Indian livestock: Dry matter intake approach. Current Sci, 88(1): 119-127.
45. Paul SS, Mandal AB, Mandal GP, Kannan A, Pathak NN (2003) Comparative dry matter intake and nutrient utilization efficiency in lactating cattle and buffaloes. J Sci Food Agric, 83: 258-267.
46. Salimei E, Maglieri C, Simoni A, Cappuccio A (2005) Feeding installition for total mixed ration: effects on buffalo milk yield and composition. Ital J Anim Sci, 4(2): 322
47. Campanile G, Di Palo R, De Filippo C, Zicarelli L (1997) Dietary characteristics and feeding behaviour in buffalo cows Proc. V World Buffalo Congress, Caserta, Italy, October, 367-371.
48. Campanile G, Bonavoglia C, Perrucci GF, Di Palo R (1991) Caratteristiche ematochimiche in bufale appartenenti ad aziende con differente fertilità. Atti Fe Me S P Rum, 1:93-97.
49. Campanile G, Di Palo R, Zicarelli L (2001) Bilancio energetico e attività riproduttiva nella specie bufalina. Proc. I Congr. Naz. Sull’All.del Bufalo, Eboli (SA): 114-127.
50. Di Palo R, Campanile G, Esposito L, Barbieri V, Zicarelli L (1994) Characteristics of diet and FSH-p superovulatory response in italian Mediterranean buffaloes. IV World Buffalo Congress, São Paulo, Brazil, June 1994, 3: 474-476.
51. Paul SS, Singh G, Patil NV, Deb SM (2007) Determination of nutrient requirements of Nili-Ravi buffaloes for pregnancy. International Tropical Animal Nutrition Conference, Volume II, October 4-7, 2007. National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India. M.P.S. Bakshi and M. Wadhwa. Animal Nutrition So- ciety of India.
52. Sklan D, Kaim M, Moallen U, Folman Y (1994) Effect of dietary calcium soaps on milk yield, body weight, reproductive hormones, and fertility in first parity and older cows. J Dairy Sci, 77: 1652-1660.
53. Di Palo R, De Filippo C, Princigalli D, Campanile G, Zicarelli L (1997) Effect of dietary supplementation with cryo-crystallized fatty acids on milk production and metabolic profile in buffalo cows. Proceeding V World Buffalo Congress, Caserta, Italy, October 1997
54. Zicarelli L (1997) Note comparative di fisiopatologia della riproduzione tra le specie bovina e bufalina. Atti delle giornate buiatriche 1996-1997. Ed. In- tervet., 84-104.
55. Perry TW, Cullison AE, Lowrey RS (2003) Feeds and Feeding. Sixth Ed., Pearson Education, New Jersey.
56. Tuncer D (2006) Süt sı ırlarının beslenmesi. In: Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları. Ergün, A., Çolpan, ., Yalçın, S., Yıldız, G., Küçükersan, M.K., Küçükersan, S., ehu, A. Üçüncü baskı, Pozitif Matbaacılık, Ankara. 253-305.
57. Bhatia SK, Pradhan K, Sadhna S, Sultan S (1998) Microbes and their activity in the rumen of cattle and buffaloes fed fibrous diets. Technical Bulletin, Department of Animal Nutrition, C.C.S. H.A.U., Hisar, India.
58. Paul SS, Patil NV (2007) Energy and protein requirements of growing Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers in tropical environment. J Sci Food Agric, 87: 2286-2293.
59. Zicarelli L (1995) Management in different enviromental conditions. Buffalo J, 2: 17-38.
60. Bertoni G, Amici A, Lombardelli R, Bartocci S (1993) Variations of metabolic profile and hormones in blood of buffaloes, cattle and sheep males fed the same diets. Proc. of the Inter. Symp. "Prospect of buffalo production in the Mediterranean and the Middle East", Wageningen. The Netherlands. European Association for Animal Production Publication no 62: 345-348.
61. Prased D, Saini MS, Virk AS, Sangupta BP, Gupta PC (1995) Optimum energy, protein, and phosphorus requirements of breedable Murrah buffalo heifers. Buffalo Bulletin, 14, 2: 4547.
62. Campanile G, Di Palo R, Esposito L, Boni R, Di Meo C (1995) Variazioni di alcune costanti ematochimiche di bufale in lattazione. Atti XI Cong. Naz. A.S.P.A., Grado (GO), Italy, 19-22 June, 77-78.
63. zgi AN, Kılıç A, Asker R, ahin M (1990) Manda besisinde üre kullanımının besi performansı üzerine etkisi. Mandacılık Ara tırma Enstitüsü Yay, 23, 11.
64. Parre C, Silveira AC, De Beni Arrigoni M, Curi PR (1997) Effect of urea on some fermentation parameters in ruminal liquor of growing buffaloes. 5th World Buffalo Cong., 13-16 Oct., 1997, Caserta, Italy, Proceedings, 317-325.
65. McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD (1987) Animal Nutrition. Fourth Ed., Longman Scientific and Technical, England.
66. McDowell LR (1992) Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. Academic Press, California.
67. Zicarelli L (1999) Nutrition in dairy buffaloes. In: Perspective of buffalo husbandry in Brazil and Latin America. Editores Prof. H Tonhati, Prof. VH Bern- abe, Prof PS Baruselli, Funep, Jabuticabal.
68. Zicarelli L, Intrieri F, de Franciscis G, Squillaciotti S (1982) Il profilo metabolico nella bufala gravida in relazione al regime alimentare adottato: indagine in allevamenti con diversa incidenza di prolasso vaginale. Atti II Conv.Int. Sull'allevamento bufalino nel mondo, 1:262-288.
69. Campanile G, Di Palo R, Di Meo C, Boni R (1989) Effetti dell'integrazione con P durante l'asciutta sui livelli ematici di Ca P e Mg nella bufala. Atti XLII Congr. S.I.S.Vet., Ottobre, 1:261-265.
70. Sabra HA, Shalaby SIA, Badawy SA, Hassan SG, Nawıto MF (1997) Effect of Mineral Mixture Supplementation on Postpartum Period in Buffaloes. 5th World Buffalo Congress, 13-16 Oct., 1997, Caserta, Italy, Proceedings, 809.
71. Crudeli G, Balbuena O, Olazarri M, Monzon N, Chaparro L, Laffont G, Mollica E (2007) Early breeding of buffalo heifers: Mineral supplementation and itseffects on development and pregnancy rates in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. Ital J Anim Sci, 6(2): 643-645.
72. Smith LK, Hogan JS, Weiss WP (1995) Effect of vitamin E and selenium on reproduction mammary health and immunity in dairy cattle. Proc. Symp. on Reproduction and Animal Breeding: Advances and Strategy, Milano, 315-325.
73. Harrison JH, Hannock DD, Conrad HR (1984) Vitamin E and selenium for reproduction to dairy cow. J Dairy Sci, 67: 123-132.
74. Ezzo OH (1995) The effect of vitamins and selenium supplementation on serum vitamin level and some reproductive patterns in egyptians buffaloes during pre and postpartum periods. Buffalo J, 1: 103-107.
75. Youssef RH, Marzouk M, Mohamed M, Abdel Malak G, Ezzo H (1997) Effect of Selenium Injection Gonadal Steroids in Low Fertilite Egyptian Buffalo Bulls. 5th World Buffalo Congress, 13-16 Oct., 1997, Caserta, Italy, Proceedings, 856-860.
76. Panda N, Kaur H, Mohanty TK (2006) Reproductive performance of dairy buffaloes supplemented with varying levels of vitamin E. Division of Dairy Cattle Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, India, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19 (1): 19-25.