The Effect of the Food Restriction on Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Levels in Rat Tissues

Year 2013, , 19 - 24, 01.03.2013

Tahir Kahraman Ramazan Üstün Fahri Bayıroğlu Recep Aslan

https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.5467

Abstract

Food restriction is known to decrease lipid peroxidation by causing reduced metabolic rate. During the oxygen metabolism in the body, lipid peroxidation end-products are generated. It is suggested that food restriction causes the enhancement of the antioxidant system. In this study, the alterations of malondialdehid which is one of the end-products of the lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in the tissues liver, brain, testis, spleen, heart and kidney of the rats which exposed to the food restriction by 50 % during 8 weeks were investigasted. After the restriction period, even though the tissue MDA levels of the experimental group was found to be increased, this was not statistically important (p>0.05). As for the GSH levels of the study group, it tended to decrease in the liver, brain and kidneys but slightly increased in the testis tissue while there were no change in the spleen and heart tissues in respect of GSH levels. In spite of these alterations, it was not found statistical importance between the study and the control groups (p>0.05). It can be concluded that some adaptational changes such as slight increase in MDA levels and decrease in GSH levels started to take place in response of decreased protein and energy intake. But we think that the period of restriction was not enough to observe the drastical changes in these mentioned parameters in tissue levels

Keywords

-

Gıda Kısıtlamasının Ratlarda Doku Lipid Peroksidasyonu ve Glutatyon Düzeylerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Gıda kısıtlamasının metabolik hızı azaltarak, lipid peroksidasyonu düşürdüğü öne sürülmektedir. Oksijen metabolizmasının bu ara indirgenme ürünlerinin düzeyleri, hücresel savunma mekanizmasını oluşturan antioksidan sistemler ile kontrol edilmektedir. Kısıtlı beslemenin antioksidan savunma sistemini destekleyip güçlendirdiği de bildirilmektedir. Araştırmada 8 hafta süreyle % 50 gıda kısıtlaması uygulanan 6 haftalık erkek Wistar Albino ratların karaciğer, beyin, testis, dalak, kalp ve böbrek dokularında; lipid peroksidasyon ürünü malondialdehid (MDA) ve glutatyon (GSH) düzeylerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Gıda kısıtlaması sonrası deneme grubu, doku MDA düzeyinde artış gözlenmesine karşın bu durum istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Deneme grubu GSH düzeylerinde, karaciğer, beyin ve böbreklerde bir miktar azalma olmasına karşın testis dokusunda hafif artış, dalak ve kalp dokusunda herhangi bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. Kontrol ve deneme grubu GSH düzeyleri, istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). MDA düzeylerinde hafif artışın gözlenmesi, buna karşın GSH düzeylerinde hafif azalmanın tespit edilmesini diyet kısıtlaması sırasında protein alımının yetersizliği ve homeostazisin sağlanması için adaptasyon amacıyla gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir

Keywords

Tissue

References

• Akgül A. 1997. Tıbbi Araştırmalarda İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri SPSS Uygulamaları, Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Matbaası, Ankara.
• Akkuş I. 1995. Serbest Radikaller ve Fizyopatolojik Etkileri Mimoza Yayınları. Konya.
• Ball CR. 1966. Estimation and identification of thiols in rat spleen after cysteine or glutathione treatment, Pelevance to Protection Against Nitrojen Mustards, Biochemical Pharmacology, 15, 809 - 816. Pergamon Press Lmd.
• Bauman PF, Smih TK and Bray TM. 1988. The effect of dietary protein and sulfur amino acids on hepatic glutathione cöncentration and glutathione-dependent enzym activities in the rat. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 66:1048-1052.
• Chipalkatti S, De AK, Aiyar AS. 1983. Effect of diet restriction on some biochemical parameters related to aging in mice, Journal of Nutrition, 113:944-950.
• Cochran WG and Cox GM. 1950. Experimental Desing, 2.Ed. John Wiley & Jons, New York, USA.
• Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Falcone I, Coppola P, Dulloo AG, Liverini G, Iossa S. 2011. Mitochondrial energetics in liver and skeletal muscle after energy restriction in young rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 2012, 108 (4): 655-65.
• Davis LJ, Todolini B, Biagi Pl, Walford RL, Rutter WD. 1979. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonucleases. Biochemistry 18: 5294-5299.
• Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, Cross EC. 1992. Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Where are we now? Review Article. Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 119(6):598-620.
• Harman D. 1992. Free Radical Theory of Aging ;History In: Free Radicals and Aging (Emerit, I, and B., eds). pp.1-10. Khauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.
• Heydari AR, Richardson A. 1992. Does gene expression play and role in the mechanism of the antiaging effect of dietary restriction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 663:384-395.
• Huang CH and Fwu ML. 1993. Degree of protein deficiency effects the extent of the depression of the antioxidative enzyme activities and the enhancement of tissue lipid peroxidation in rats. Journal of Nutrition, 123: 803-810.
• Jung K, Henke W. 1997. Effect of starvation of antioxidant enzymes and respiratory mitochondrial functions in kidney and liver from rats. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 22:163-169.
• Koizumi A, Weindruch R, Walford RL. 1987. Influences of dietary restriction and age on liver enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in mice. Journal of Nutrition, 117:361-367.
• Laganiere S, and Yu BP. 1989. Effect of chronic food restriction in ageing rats. II. Liver cytosolic antioxidants and related enzymes, Mechanism of Ageing and Development, 48: 221-230.
• Laganiere S, Yu BP. 1987. Anti-lipoperoxidation action of food restriction. Biotechnical and Biophysical 145(3):1185-1191. Communications.
• Lane MA, Black A, Handy A, Tilmont EM, Ingram DK, Roth GS. 2001. Caloric restriction in primates. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 928: 287-95.
• Masoro EJ. 1985. Nutrition and aging. A current assessment. Journal of Nutrition, 115:842-848.
• Masoro EJ. 1988. Food restriction in rodents: an evaluation of its role in the study on aging. The Journal of Gerontology, 43:B59-B64.
• Meister A. 1984. New aspects of glutathione biochemistry and transport-selective alteration of glutathione metabolism. Nutrition Reviews, 42: 397-410.
• Nagai M, Takahashi R, Goto S. 2000. Dietary restriction initiated late in life can reduce mitochondrial protein carbonyls in rat livers: Westernblot studies. Biogerontology.; 1(4): 321-8.
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, and Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction, Analytical Biochemistry, 95: 351 - 358.
• Pelissier MA, Darmon N, Desjeux JF and Albrecht R. 1993. Effects of protein deficiency on lipid peroxidation in the small intestine and liver of rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: 59-62.
• Pieri C, Falasca M, Moroni F, Recchioni R, Marchesellu F, Loppo C, Masmocchoni F. 1990. Antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes from old and diet restricted rats. Boll. Soc. Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 10-909-914.
• Rao G, Xia E, Nadakavukaren MJ, Richardson A. 1990. Effect of dietary restriction on the age-dependent changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the rat liver. Journal of Nutrition, 120: 602-609.
• Snedecor G, Cohran, WG. 1989. Statistical Methods, Iowa State University, Press Ames, pp. 1 - 503, USA.
• Wanagat J, Allison DB, Weindruch R. 1999. Caloric intake and aging: mechanisms in rodents and a study in nonhuman primates. Toxicological Sciences., 52(2 Suppl): 35-40.
• Warner HR. 1993. Overview, mechanisms of antioxidant action on life span. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 9(1-2): 151-161.
• Wohaib SA, Godin DV. 1987. Starvation-related alterations in free radical tissue defence mechanisms in rats. Diabetes, 36: 169-173.
• Xia E, Rao G, Remmen HV, Heydari AR, Richardson A. 1995. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in various tissues of male Fischer 344 rats are altered by food restriction. Journal of Nutrition, 125:195-201.
• Yu BP, Masoro EJ, McMahan CA. 1985. Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats: I. Physical metabolic and longevity chracteristics. The Journals of Gerontology, 40: 657-670.
• Yu BP. (1993) Antioxidant action of dietary restriction in the aging process. Journal of Nutritional Science Vitaminology, 39:S75-S83.
• Yu BP, Lee DW, Dhoi JH. 1991. Prevention of free radical damage by food restriction. In: Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction (Fishbain,L.ed.) pp.191-197. Springer-Verlag, New York.