Kedilerde Enfeksiyöz Peritonit Hastalığında Yeni Hematolojik Oranlar ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelerle İlişkileri

Abstract

Kedi enfeksiyöz peritoniti (FIP), kedi koronavirüsünün (FCoV) neden olduğu ölümcül, immun aracılı bir hastalıktır. Spesifik olmayan klinik görünümü ve tek bir kesin tanı belirtecinin olmaması nedeniyle erken ve doğru tanı koymak hala zordur. Nötrofil-lenfosit (NEU/LYM), trombosit-lenfosit (PLT/LYM), ortalama trombosit hacmi-trombosit (MPV/PLT) ve retikülosit-lenfosit (RET/LYM) gibi hematolojik oranlar, hem beşeri hem de veteriner hekimliğinde sistemik inflamasyon ve immun sistem bozukluğunun erişilebilir ve uygun maliyetli belirteçleri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, efüziv FIP tanısı konmuş kedilerde NEU/LYM, PLT/LYM, MPV/PLT ve RET/LYM oranlarını değerlendirmeyi ve bunların özellikle albümin-globulin (ALB/GLOB) oranı olmak üzere temel biyokimyasal parametrelerle ilişkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. 36 evcil kedi çalışmaya dahil edildi; bunlardan 18'i efüziv FIP tanısı konulmuş ve 18'i sağlıklı kontrol grubuydu. Tüm kediler klinik, radyografik ve ultrasonografik değerlendirmelerden geçirildi. Hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler otomatik analizörler kullanılarak analiz edildi. Grup karşılaştırmaları ve korelasyon analizleri uygun istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak yapıldı. Efüziv FIP'den etkilenen kedilerde kontrol grubuna kıyasla NEU/LYM (p<0,001), PLT/LYM (p<0,05) ve MPV/PLT (p<0,001) oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artışlar ve RET (p<0,001) sayısında azalma gözlendi. RET/LYM oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). NEU/LYM oranı ALB/GLOB ile orta düzeyde negatif bir korelasyon gösterdi (r = –0,403, p = 0,015). Total protein ve globulin düzeyleri efüziv FIP grubunda anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, albumin ve ALB/GLOB oranları anlamlı derecede düşüktü. NEU/LYM, PLT/LYM ve MPV/PLT oranları, özellikle ALB/GLOB ile birlikte kullanıldığında, efüziv FIP tanısında değerli yardımcı belirteçler olabilir. Bu bulgular, efüziv FIP'de inflamasyon ve bağışıklık tepkisini değerlendirmede yeni hematolojik oranların potansiyel klinik faydasını desteklemektedir.

Keywords

• Albümin-globulin oranı
• Kedi
• Kedi enfeksiyöz peritoniti
• Hematolojik oranlar

Hematological Ratios and Their Relationship Between Biochemical Parameters in Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Abstract

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, immune-mediated disease of cats caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). Early and accurate diagnosis remains challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and the absence of a single definitive diagnostic marker. Hematological ratios such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NEU/LYM), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLT/LYM), mean platelet volume-to-platelet (MPV/PLT), and reticulocyte-to-lymphocyte (RET/LYM) have emerged as accessible and cost-effective markers of systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation in both human and veterinary medicine. This study aimed to evaluate NEU/LYM, PLT/LYM, MPV/PLT, and RET/LYM ratios in cats diagnosed with effusive FIP and to investigate their relationship with key biochemical parameters, particularly the albumin-to-globulin (ALB/GLOB) ratio. 36 domestic cats were included, comprising 18 effusive FIP-diagnosed and 18 healthy controls. All cats underwent clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic evaluations. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed using automated analyzers. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed using appropriate statistical methods. Statistically significant increases in NEU/LYM (p<0.001), PLT/LYM (p<0.05), and MPV/PLT (p<0.001) ratios and decreased RET (p<0.001) count were observed in effusive FIP-affected cats compared to controls. No statistically significant difference was found in RET/LYM ratios (p>0.05). The NEU/LYM ratio showed a moderate negative correlation with ALB/GLOB (r = –0.403, p = 0.015). Total protein and globulin levels were significantly elevated in effusive FIP cases, while albumin and ALB/GLOB ratios were significantly decreased. NEU/LYM, PLT/LYM, and MPV/PLT ratios may be valuable adjunctive markers in diagnosing effusive FIP, particularly when used alongside ALB/GLOB. These findings support the potential clinical utility of novel hematological ratios in evaluating inflammation and immune response in effusive FIP.

Keywords

• Albumin to globulin ratio
• Cat
• Feline infectious peritonitis
• Hematological ratios

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