İstanbul’un Anadolu Yakasında Perakende Satışa Sunulan Et ve Et Ürünlerinde Listeria monocytogenes Prevalansı ile Risk Değerlendirme

Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes, gıda kaynaklı bir patojendir. Çalışmada, L. monocytogenes’in et ve et ürünlerinde tespiti ve ürün tiplerine göre dağılımı, patojen özelliği taşıyabilecek serotiplerin tespiti ile gıdalarda enfeksiyonun ortaya çıkma riskinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. İstanbul’daki perakende satış noktalarından, aseptik koşullarda alınan 300 adet numune analiz edilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre toplam 83 adet Listeria spp. şüpheli izolat belirlenerek bunların 8% (24/300) L. monocytogenes olarak saptanmıştır. Listeria spp. izolatları Vitek 2 sistemi kullanılarak doğrulama işlemine tabii tutulup 24 (%28,9) adet izolat L. monocytogenes, 44 (%53) adet izolat L. innocua, 5 (%6) adet izolat L. grayi, 6 (%7,2) adet izolat L. welshimeri ve 4 (%4,8) adet izolat ise Listeria spp. olarak identifiye edilmiştir. L. monocytogenes izolatlarının serotiplere göre toplam dağılımı; 10 (%41,6) adet 1/2a, 3 (%12,5) adet 1/2b, 1 (%4,8) adet 1/2c, 5 (%20,8) adet 3a, 4 (%19) adet 3c ve 1 (%4,8) adet 4b serotipi şeklindedir. Nicel risk değerlendirmesi sonucunda; günlük 0,3 kg’lık 98 adet kıyma ve parça et , 7 adet sucuk, 1 adet salam ve 1 adet sosis ürününün L. monocytogenes ile kontamine olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, L. monocytogenes bulaşmasında çapraz kontaminasyonun önemli bir yere sahip olduğu öngörülmekte ve söz konusu risk ile tüketicilerin maruz kalma yükünü azaltmak için kırmızı et ve et ürünlerinin kesim, işleme, perakende ile taşıma ve pişirme dahil tüketici seviyesinin tüm basamaklarında etkili gıda güvenliği yönetimi yaklaşımları ve tedbirlerini uygulama ihtiyacının halk sağlığı açısından önemli olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Listeria monocytogenes
• Et ve et ürünleri
• Serotiplendirme
• Risk değerlendirme
• İstanbul

Prevalence and Risk Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in Retail Meat and Meat Products from the Anatolian Side of Istanbul

Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen. This study aimed to detect L. monocytogenes in meat and meat products, identify the serotypes that may be pathogenic, and assess the risk of infection from foods. A total of 300 samples were collected under aseptic conditions from retail outlets in Istanbul and analyzed. According to the results, a total of 83 Listeria spp. suspected isolates were identified, of which 8% (24/300) were confirmed as L. monocytogenes. Listeria spp. isolates were subjected to verification using the Vitek 2 system, with 24 (28.9%) isolates identified as L. monocytogenes, 44 (53%) isolates identified as L. innocua, 5 (6%) isolates as L. grayi, 6 (7.2%) isolates as L. welshimeri, and 4 (4.8%) isolates as Listeria spp. The total distribution of L. monocytogenes isolates according to serotypes was as follows: 10 (41.6%) 1/2a, 3 (12.5%) 1/2b, 1 (4.8%) 1/2c, 5 (20.8%) 3a, 4 (19%) 3c, and 1 (4.8%) 4b serotypes. Quantitative risk assessment was conducted, revealing that 98 minced meat and chopped meat, each weighing 0.3 kg/day, 7 fermented sausages, 1 salami, and 1 sausage product could be contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Finally, cross-contamination is likely to play a critical role in the transmission of L. monocytogenes. It is concluded that there is a need to implement effective food safety management approaches. Measures at all stages of the meat supply chain, from slaughter to retailing, transportation, and cooking, are essential for reducing the burden of exposure to this risk for consumers, thereby enhancing public health.

Keywords

• Listeria monocytogenes
• Meat and meat products
• Serotypes
• Risk assessment
• İstanbul

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