Apis Venomunun Diabetes Mellitus ve Pankreas Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Apiterapi, bal arısı ürünlerinin alternatif tıp alanında hastalıkların tedavisi ve önlenmesi amacıyla kullanıldığı popüler bir terapi yöntemidir. Özellikle bal arısı zehiri (apitoksin) ile tedavi yöntemi romatizmal, tümöral ve cildi hastalıkların tedavisi için kullanılmaktadır. Apitoksin’in terapotik etkisinin, bileşimindeki peptidler, enzimler ve aktif aminlerin canlı dokuda biyokimyasal ve farmakolojik değişikliklere neden olmasından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Çağın hastalığı olarak nitelendirilen diyabet çeşitli tipleriyle insan ve hayvanların yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz yönde etkileyen hatta ölüme neden olan bir endokrin sistem hastalığıdır. Bu hastalığın önlenmesine yönelik çeşitli tedbirler alınmakta, tedavisi amacıyla da dünya ekonomisine bolca zararı dokunan çeşitli ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Ne var ki bu endokrin sistem hastalığı tam anlamıyla tedavi edilememekte, ancak koruyucu önlemlerle ve hastalığın semptomatik tedavisiyle hasta eski yaşam kalitesine döndürülmeye çalışılmaktadır. İşte bu noktada apitoksin’in diyabetin endokrinolojik temelinden sorumlu olan pankreas üzerindeki etkileri yeterli bilimsel araştırmalarla desteklenir ve olumlu sonuçları geliştirilebilirse, diyabet tedavisi alanında yeni bir çığır açılmış olacaktır.

Keywords

• Bal arısı,Apitoksin,Diyabet

The Effects of Honey Bee Venom on Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreas

Abstract

Apitherapy is a popular therapy method of the field of alternative medicine that is used to prevent and treat diseases with honey bee products. Particularly the therapy method via honey bee venom (apitoxin) is used for treatment of rhumatic, tumoral and skin diseases. The therapeutic effect of apitoxin is considered that its composition which includes peptides, enzymes and active amines are cause to biochemical and pharmacological changes in vivo. Diabetes, described as the disease of the age, is an endocrine system disease that have various types, affecting the quality of humans' and animals' life negatively or even causing death. Various precautions are taken for prevention and a variety of drugs are used for therapy of this disease which is causing damage to the world economy abundantly. However, this endocrine system disease can not be treated literally but patients are tried to back to their healthy life via protective measures and symptomatic treatment of the disease. At this point, if the effects of apitoxin on pancreas that is responsible for the endocrine aspect of diabetes are supported by adequate scientific research and if positive results can be improved, a new era will be opened in the field of diabetes treatment.

Keywords

• Honey bee,Apitoxin,Diabetes

References

1. Ali, M. A. A. S. M. Studies on bee venom and its medical uses. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 2012; 1(2), 69-83. Anonim-1. [http://www.ctf.edu.tr/stek/pdfs/ 04/0401nb.pdf]. Erişim tarihi: 12.07.2014.
2. Anonim-2. [http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/ w/tez/pdf/aile_hekimligi/dr_ebru _onuker_basaran. pdf]. Erişim tarihi: 12.07.2014. Anonim-3. History of Bee Venom Therapy. Bee Venom Therapy. [http://www.bterfoundation.org/b vt]. Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2014.
3. Anonim-4. [http://www.worlddiabetesfoundat ion.org/]. Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2014.
4. Anonim-5. [http://www.who.int/research/en /]. Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2014.
5. Anonim-6. [http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/ w/tez/pdf/biyokimya/dr_gulhan_kafadenk_ilhan.pdf] Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2014.
6. Anonim-7. [http://www.uptodate.com/conten ts/preventing-complications-in- diabetes-mellitus-beyond- the- basics?source=search_result&searc h=diabetes+mellitus&selectedTitle =7~150]. Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2014.
7. Anonim-8.[http://www.turkendokrin.org/file s/pdf/03_Tip_1_Diyabet.pdf]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
8. Anonim-9[http://www.apitherapy.org/]. Erişim tarihi: 07.11.2014.

9. Anonim-10. [http://hastane.omu.edu.tr/saglikli -bilgiler/endokrin- belgeler/T%C4%B0P%202%20D %C4%B0YABET.pdf] Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
10. Anonim-11. Arıcılık - Arı Yetiştiriciliği. [http://www.tarimsal.com/ariyetist iriciligi.htm]. Erişim tarihi: 07.11.2014.
11. Anonim-12. [http://www.health4u.net.nz/beev enom.html]. Erişim tarihi: 07.11.2014.
12. Anonim-13. [http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov //compound/16129627?from=su mmary#section=Top]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
13. Anonim-14. [http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C 3%BClfonil%C3%BCreler]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
14. Anonim-15. [http://www.diabetcemiyeti.org/va r/cdn/d/a/nevin-dinccag.pdf]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
15. Anonim-16. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Tertiapin&oldid=589759 405]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
16. Anonim-17. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=MCD_peptide&oldid=6 06937567]. Erişim tarihi: 0 6.11.2014.
17. Anonim-18. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Potassium_channel&oldi d=630038632]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
18. Anonim-19. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Protease_inhibitor_(phar macology)&oldid=621460206]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
19. Anonim-20. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Bromocriptine&oldid=6 29335552]. Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2014.
20. Anonim-21. [www.diabetesatlas.org]. Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2014.
21. Anonim-22. [http://www.bdhealthylives.com/p l/MultiSiteIncludes/PDF/Clinical Guidelines/Diagnosis%20and%20 Classification%20of%20Diabetes% 20Mellitus.pdf]. Erişim tarihi: 02.04.15
22. Argiolas, A., Herring, P., Pisano, J. J. Amino acid sequence of bumblebee MCD peptide: A new mast cell degranulating peptide from the venom of the bumblebee Megabombus pennsylvanicus. Peptides, 1985, 6, 431- 436.
23. Arslangündoğdu, Z. Kültürümüzde Arıcılık - Bal arısı (Apis mellifera L., 1758). Çevrimiçi Tematik Türkoloji Dergisi Acta Turcica. 2011; Yıl III, Sayı 1/1.
24. Babenko, A. P., Aguilar-Bryan, L., Bryan, J. A view of sur/KIR6. X, KATP channels. Annual Review of Physiology, 1998, 60(1): 667-687. Beck, BF. Bee Venom Therapy–Bee Venom, Its Nature, and Its Effect on Arthritic and Rheumatoid Conditions, D. Appleton-Century Company. Inc., New York and London. 1935; 150-197.
25. Begg, D. P., Woods, S. C. Interactions between the central nervous system and pancreatic islet secretions: a historical perspective. Advances in physiology education, 2013, 37(1), 53-60.
26. Bogdanov, S. Bee venom: composition, health, medicine: A review. Peptides, 2012, 1, 0-6.
27. Breithaupt, H., Habermann, E. Mastzelldegranulierendes Peptid (MCD- peptid) aus Bienengift: isolierung, biochemische und pharmakologische Eigenschaften. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für Pharmakologie und experimentelle Pathologie, 1968, 261(3), 252-270. Buku, A., Condie, B. A., Price, J. A., & Mezei, M. [Ala12] MCD peptide: a lead peptide to inhibitors of immunoglobulin E binding to mast cell receptors1. The Journal of peptide research, 2005, 66(3), 132-137.
28. Buku, A., Keselman, I., Lupyan, D., Mezei, M., Price, J. A. Effective Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide Inhibitors of the IgE/FcɛRI Receptor Interaction. Chemical biology & drug design, 2008, 72(2), 133-139.
29. Burke, J. E., Dennis, E. A. Phospholipase A2 structure/function, mechanism, and signaling. Journal of lipid research, 50(Supplement), 2009, S237- S242. Campbell, J. D., Sansom, M. S., Ashcroft, F. M. Potassium channel regulation. EMBO reports, 2003, 4(11): 1038-1042.
30. Chen, H. S., Qu, F., He, X., Liao, D., Kang, S. M., & Lu, S. J. The anti- nociceptive effect and the possible mechanism of acupoint stimulation caused by chemical irritants in the bee venom pain model. Brain research, 2010, 1355, 61-69.
31. Christopher M.H., Kim M.D. Apitherapy–bee venom therapy. In: Biotherapy-History, Principles and Practice. Springer Netherlands, 2013. p. 77-112.
32. Çelik S., Bal R. Köpek ve Kedilerde Diabetes Mellitus: Böbrek Fonksiyon Bozuklukları ve. İdrar Taşı Oluşumu ile İlişkisi. Uludag Univ. J. Fac.Vet. Med. 2002; 21 43-48.
33. Defronzo, R. A. Bromocriptine: a sympatholytic, D2-dopamine agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2011, 34(4), 789-794.
34. Derebaşı, E., Cankabal, K.E. Arı Zehirinin Kimyasal Yapısı Ve Tıbbi Çalışmalarda Kullanımı. Arıcılık Araştırma Dergisi Aralık 2009; s. 32 - 34, Arıcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü / ORDU.
35. Dreyer, F. Peptide toxins and potassium channels. In Special Issue on Ionic Channels II. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1990; pp. 93-136.
36. Engel, M. S. The taxonomy of recent and fossil honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Apis). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 1999; 8.2: 165-196.
37. Fujimoto, W. Y., Metz, S. A. Phasic Effects of Glucose, Phospholipase A2, and Lysophospholipids on Insulin Secretion*. Endocrinology. 1987; 120(5), 1750-1757.
38. Gauldie, J., Hanson, J. M., Rumjanek, F. D., Shipolini, R. A., Vernon, C. A. The peptide components of bee venom. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1976; 61(2): 369-376.
39. Göke, B., Siegel, E. G., Stöckmann, F., Lankisch, P. G., & Creutzfeldt, W. Effect of a specific serine protease inhibitor on the rat pancreas. Digestion. 1985; 31(2-3), 128-135.
40. Grissmer, S., Nguyen, A. N., Aiyar, J., Hanson, D. C., Mather, R. J., Gutman, G.A., Karmilowıcz M. J., Auperin D. D., Chandy K. G. Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1. 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Molecular Pharmacology. 1994; 45(6), 1227- 1234.
41. Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., Van Veen, J. W., Gupta, A. Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security. Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. 2014; XVIII, 665 p. 98 illus., 8 illus. in color. Harvey, A. L. Recent studies on dendrotoxins and potassium ion channels. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System. 1997; 28(1), 7- 12.
42. Ihse, I., Arnesjö, B., Lundquist, I. Glucose-induced insulin secretion and pattern of exocrine pancreatic enzymes in the rat following oral and parenteral trypsin inhibitor administration. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 1974; 9(8), 719- 724.
43. Jeong, J. K., Moon, M. H., Bae, B. C., Lee, Y. J., Seo, J. W., Park, S. Y. Bee venom phospholipase A2 prevents prion peptide induced-cell death in neuronal cells. International journal of molecular medicine. 2011; 28(5), 867.
44. Jin, W., Lu, Z. A novel high-affinity inhibitor for inward-rectifier K+ channels. Biochemistry. 1998; 37(38): 13291-13299.
45. Jo, M., Park, M. H., Kollipara, P. S., An, B. J., Song, H. S., Han, S. B. Kim J. H., Song M. J., Hong J. T. Anti- cancer effect of bee venom toxin and melittin in ovarian cancer cells through induction of death receptors and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2012;258(1), 72-81.
46. Karagül H., Altıntaş A., Fidancı Ur., Sel T. Klinik Biyokimya, Medisan Yayın Serisi. 2000; 45, 109-124.
47. Kim, J. Y., Cho, S. H., Kim, Y. W., Jang, E. C., Park, S. Y., Kim, E. J., Lee, S. K. Effects of BCG, lymphotoxin and bee venom on insulitis and development of IDDM in non-obese diabetic mice. Journal of Korean medical science. 1999; 14(6), 648-652.
48. Koburova, K. L., Michailova, S. G., Shkenderov, S. V. Further investigation on the antiinflammatory properties of adolapin--bee venom polypeptide. Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Bulgarica. 1984; 11(2), 50-55.
49. Kondo, T., Ikenaka, K., Fujimoto, I., Aimoto, S., Kato, H., Ito, K. I., Taguchi T., Morita T., Kasai M., Mikoshiba K. K+ channel involvement in induction of synaptic enhancement by mast cell degranulating (MCD) peptide. Neuroscience research. 1992; 13(3), 207-216.
50. Krell, R. Value-Added Products from Beekeeping-Chapter 7 Venom. Fao Agricultural Services Bulletin. 1996; No. 124.
51. Kwon, Y. B., Ham, T. W., Kim, H. W., Roh, D. H., Yoon, S. Y., Han, H. J., Yang I. S., Kim K. W., Beitz A. J., Lee J. H. Water soluble fraction (< 10 kDa) from bee venom reduces visceral pain behavior through spinal α 2 adrenergic activity in mice. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2005; 80(1), 181-187.
52. Lipps, B. V., Khan, A. A. The presence of pharmacological substances myoglobin and histamine in venoms. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins. 2001; 7(1), 45- 55.
53. Lowy, P. H., Sarmiento, L., Mitchell, H. K. Polypeptides minimine and melittin from bee venom: Effects on Drosophila. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics. 1971; 145(1), 338-343.
54. Lowy, P. H., Sarmiento, L., Mitchell, H. K., Fund, M. Effects of Minimine on Mitochondria. Caltech Biology Annual Report. 1972; 145, 34.
55. Mailloux, L. UpToDate Dialysis in diabetic nephropathy. UpToDate. 2007; Retrieved on, 12-07.
56. Malaisse, W., Malaisse-Lagae, F., Wright, P. H., Ashmore, J. Effects of adrenergic and cholinergic agents upon insulin secretion in vitro. Endocrinology. 1967; 80.5: 975-978.
57. Metz S.A. Islet phosphatidylcholine metabolism: evaluation by a transbilayer loading technique. Clin Res. 1987; 35:194A.
58. Metz, S. A. Ether-linked lysophospholipids initiate insulin secretion: lysophospholipids may mediate effects of phospholipase A2 activation on hormone release. Diabetes. 1986a; 35(7), 808-817.
59. Metz, S. A. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoic acid inhibits arachidonic acid esterification into two distinct pools and stimulates insulin release in intact rat islets. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1986c; 238(3), 809- 818.
60. Metz, S. A. Putative roles for lysophospholipids as mediators and lipoxygenase-mediated metabolites of arachidonic acid as potentiators of stimulus-secretion coupling: dual mechanisms of p- hydroxymercuribenzoic acid- induced insulin release. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1986b; 238(3), 819- 832.
61. Morgan, N., Montague W. Stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated rat islets of Langerhans by melittin. Bioscience reports. 1984; 4: 665- 671.
62. Mourelle, D., Brigatte, P., Bringanti, L. D. B., De Souza, B. M., Arcuri, H. A., Gomes, P. C., Baptista- Saidemberg N.B., Ruggiero Neto J., Palma M.S. Hyperalgesic and edematogenic effects of Secapin-2, a peptide isolated from Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom. Peptides, 2014; 59, 42-52. 26.
63. Mousavi, S. M., Imani, S., Haghighi, S., Mousavi, S. E., Karimi, A. Effect of Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom on blood glucose and insulin in diabetic rats. Journal of arthropod-borne diseases. 2012; 6.2: 136.
64. Müller, M. K., Goebell, H., Alfen, R., Ehlers, J., Jäger, M., & Plümpe, H. Effects of camostat, a synthetic protease inhibitor, on endocrine and exocrine pancreas of the rat. The Journal of nutrition, 1988; 118(5),645-650.
65. Nam, S., Ko, E., Park, S., Ko, S., Jun, C., Shin, M. K., Hong, M. C., Bae, H. Bee venom modulates murine Th1/Th2 lineage development. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005; 5(9), 1406- 1414..
66. Neale, A. V., Klumpp, T. G. (). The Action of Histamine on the Pancreas. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1930; 9(2), 197.
67. Özbek, H. Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera L.) Zehiri Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi/Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 1990; 21.2.
68. Pongs, O. Molecular biology of voltage- dependent potassium channels. Physiological Reviews. 1992; 72(4).
69. Porte Jr, D. A receptor mechanism for the inhibition of insulin release by epinephrine in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1967b; 46(1), 86.
70. Porte Jr, D. Beta adrenergic stimulation of insulin release in man. Diabetes. 1967a; 16(3), 150-155.
71. Price, J. H., Hillman, K. S., Toral, M. E., Newell, S. The public's perceptions and misperceptions of arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1983; 26(8):1023- 1028.
72. Ratcliffe, N. A., Mello, C. B., Garcia, E. S., Butt, T. M., Azambuja, P. Insect natural products and processes: new treatments for human disease. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. 2011; 41(10), 747-769.
73. Romey, G., Hugues, M., Schmid- Antomarchi, H., Lazdunski, M. Apamin: a specific toxin to study a class of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. Journal de physiologie. 1983; 79(4), 259-264.
74. Ruttner, F. Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees Springer-Verlag.1988; pp 57-65.
75. Scranton, R., Cincotta, A. Bromocriptine- unique formulation of a dopamine agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2010; 11(2), 269- 279.
76. Shier, W. T. Activation of high levels of endogenous phospholipase A2 in cultured cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1979; 76(1), 195-199.
77. Shkenderov, S., Koburova, K. Adolapin-a newly isolated analgetic and anti- inflammatory polypeptide from bee venom. Toxicon. 1982; 20(1), 317- 321.
78. Six, D. A., Dennis E. A. The expanding superfamily of phospholipase A2 enzymes: classification and characterization. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 2000; 1488(1), 1-19.
79. Snodgrass, R. E. Anatomy of the Honey Bee, Ithaca, New York, Comstock pub. Ass. 1956; pp 154.
80. Son, D. J., Lee, J. W., Lee, Y. H., Song, H. S., Lee, C. K., Hong, J. T. Therapeutic application of anti- arthritis, pain-releasing, and anti-cancer effects of bee venom and its constituent compounds. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2007; 115.2: 246-270.
81. Stephan, D., Winkler, M., Kühner, P., Russ, U., Quast, U. Selectivity of repaglinide and glibenclamide for the pancreatic over the cardiovascular KATP channels. Diabetologia. 2006; 49(9): 2039-2048.
82. Stühmer, M., Ruppersberg, J., Schröter, K., Sakmann, B., Stocker, M., Giese, K., Perschke, A., Baumann, A., Pongs, O. Molecular basis of functional diversity of voltage-gated potassium channels in mammalian brain. EMBO J. 1989; 8(11): 3235–3244.
83. Tamarina, N. A., Wang, Y., Mariotto, L., Kuznetsov, A., Bond, C., Adelman, J., & Philipson, L. H. Small-conductance calcium- activated K+ channels are expressed in pancreatic islets and regulate glucose responses. Diabetes. 2003; 52(8): 2000-2006.
84. Terc, P. About a Remarkable Connection of Bee Venom with Rheumatism. Wien. Med. Presse. 1888; 35.
85. Terwilliger, T. C., Eisenberg, D. The structure of melittin. II. Interpretation of the structure. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1982; 257(11), 6016-6022.
86. Türker, M., Süzmeçelik, E. E. Türkiye ve Dünyada Rakamlarla Diyabet. Diyabet ve Obezite. 2010; 62.
87. Ulusoy, E. Bal ve Apiterapi. U. Arı Drg. 2012; 12(3): 89-97. Valentin, E., Ghomashchi, F., Gelb, M. H., Lazdunski, M., Lambeau, G.
88. Novel human secreted phospholipase A2 with homology to the group III bee venom enzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000; 275(11), 7492-7496.
89. Varanda, E. A., Tavares, D. C. Radioprotection: Mechanisms and radioprotective agents including honeybee venom. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins. 1998; 4(1), 5-21.
90. Vick, J. A., Shipman, W. H., Brooks Jr, R. Beta adrenergic and anti- arrhythmic effects of cardiopep, a newly isolated substance from whole bee venom. Toxicon. 1974; 12(2), 139-142.
91. Wulff, H., Castle, N. A., Pardo, L. A. Voltage-gated potassium channels as therapeutic targets. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2009; 8(12), 982-1001.
92. Yan, L., Figueroa, D. J., Austin, C. P., Liu, Y., Bugianesi, R. M., Slaughter, R. S., Kaczorowski G. J., Kohler, M. G. Expression of voltage-gated potassium channels in human and rhesus pancreatic islets. Diabetes. 2004; 53(3), 597-607.
93. Ziai, M., Russek, S., Wang, H. C., Beer, B., Blume, A. J. Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide: A Multi‐ functional Neurotoxin. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1990; 42(7), 457-461.