Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Döl verimini Etkileyen Reprodüktif Parametreler

Abstract

Reprodüktif başarı karlı bir sığır işletmesinin en önemli bileşenidir. Süt ya da et sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde en önemli hedef ise reprodüktif başarıdır. İşletmenin karlılığı, süt sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde süt verimi ile et sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde hızlı canlı ağırlık kazanımı ile ölçülmektedir. Her iki durum için de yetiştirilen ineklerin yılda bir kez yavru vermesi şarttır. Yılda bir yavru almak ise ancak iyi bir reprodüktif yönetim ile sağlanabilir. Bu yüzden sığırların reprodüktif performanslarının ölçülmesinde bu parametrelerden faydalanılır. Bu derlemede, sığırcılık işletmelerinin yönetiminde önemli yer tutan reprodüktif parametrelerin dölverimi üzerine olan etkisi ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• Buzağılama aralığı,Döl verimi,gebe kalma oranı,reprodüktif parametre,sığır

The Reproductive Parameters Affecting Fertility in Cattle Livestock Enterprises

Abstract

Reproductive success is the most important component of a profitable cattle livestock enterprise. The most important aim in dairy or beef cattle is the reproductive success. The profitability of business in dairy cattle breeding is measured by the milk yield and in beef cattle breeding; it is measured by the speed of live weight gain. For both cases it is essential for cattle to give birth once in a year. This can only be achieved with a proper reproduction management. Therefore, these parameters are utilized to measure the reproductive performance of cattle. In this review, the effect on fertility of reproductive parameters, which hold and important place in the management of the cattle enterprise, is discussed.

Keywords

• Calving interval,cattle,conception rate,fertility,reproductive parameter

References

1. Anonim. (2015). http://bizplan-uz.com/learning/course/?COURSE_ID=6&TYPE=Y#LE781 (Erişim tarihi; 25.11.15).
2. Ata A. Sütçü Sığırlarda Döl Verimi Ölçütlerinin Güncel Yorumu. (2013). Makü Sağ. Bil. Enst. Derg. 1: 30-41.
3. Amburgh MV, Tıkofsky J. The advantages of “accelerated growth” in heifer rearing. (2001) ; American Dairy Tech., 13: 79-83.
4. Baıley T, Murphy JM. Monitoring Dairy Heifer Growth (2009). Virginia Coop. Ext. publication 404-286.
5. Baılıe JH. Management and economic effects of different levels of oestrus detection in the dairy herd. (1982). Vet. Record, 110: 218-221.
6. Barnes M. Reproduction and lactation principles and practices in bovine reproduction: blacksburg. (2001).
7. Butler Wr. Energy balance relationships with follicular development, ovulation and fertility in post partum dairy cows. (2003). Livestock. Prod. Sci., 83: 211-218.
8. Daşkın A. Sığırcılık işletmelerinde reprodüksiyon yönetimi ve suni tohumlama. (2005). Aydan ve Ofset Ankara sf: 36.

9. De Vrıes A. Economic Importance of Genetic Improvements in Milk Production, Reproduction, and Productive Life. (2005).
10. IFAS extension. Dobson RF, Smıth Royal MD, Knıght Ch and Im Sheldon. The high producing dairy cow and its reproductive performance (2007). Reprod Domest Anim. 42: 17–23.
11. EİCKER SW, YT GROHN, and JA HERTL. The Association Between Cumulative Milk Yield, Days Open, and Days to First Breeding in New York Holstein Cows. (2002). J. Dairy Sci. 79: sf 235-241.
12. Ferguson JD, Gallıgan DT. Assessment of Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Herds. (2000). Compendium 22: sf 150-159,
13. Hafez ESE, Hafez B. Reproduction in Farm Animals. (1997)
14. Seventh edition Hansen PJ, Aréchiga CF. Strategies for Managing Reproduction in the Heat-Stressed Dairy. (1997). J Anım Sci. 77: 36-50.
15. Heersche Jr, G Nebel RL. Measuring efficiency and accuracy of detection of estrus. (1994). J. Dairy Sci. 77: 2754-2761.
16. Heınrıch AJ. Raising dairy replacements to meet the needs of the 21” century. (1993). J. Dairy Sci. 76: 3179-3187.
17. Homer E. Novel Approaches To Expression And Detectıon Of Oestrus In Daıry Cows. (2013).
18. PHD Thesis Gokçen H. İneklerde infertilite. (2013). Sf: 4-6 Kalkan C, Öcal H. Üreme fizyolojisi. (2013). Ed: SEMACAN, A., Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji sf: 16-23
19. Khatıb H, Monson RL, Schutzkus V, Kohl DM, Rosa GJM, Rutledge JJ. Mutations in the STAT5A gene are associated with embryonic survival and milk composition in cattle. (2008). J. Dairy Sci. 91: 784-793.
20. Lee LA, JD Ferguson DT. Galligan, Effect of Disease on Days Open Assessed by SurvivalAnalysis. (1989). J. Dairy Sci. 72: 1020.
21. Losınger WC, Heınrıchs AC. An analysis of age and body weight at first calving for Holsteins in the United States. (1997). Preventive Veterinary Medicine 32: 193-205
22. Lucy MC. Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end? (2001). J. Dairy Sci., 84: 1277-93.
23. Morı J. Manual for Diagnosis and Treatment of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cattle. (2002). Japan Livestock Technology Association sf: 1-49
24. Nebel RL, Jobst SM. Evaluation of Systematic Breeding Programs of Lactating Dairy Cows: A Review. (1998). J. Dairy Sci. 81: s 1169-1174.
25. Nebel Ray L. Components of a Successful Heat Detection Program. (2003). Advances in Dairy Technology Volume 15: sf-191
26. Radostits OM, Blood DC. Dairy Cattle--Maintenance of Reproductive Efficiency, in Herd Health: A Textbook of Health and Production Management of Agricultural Animals. (1985). W. B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia. Sf: 66-89.
27. Roche JF. The effect of nutritional management of the dairy cow on reproductive efficiency. (2006). Animal Reproduction Science, 96: 282–296
28. Roelofs J, Lopez-Gatıus F, Hunter RH, Van Eerdenburg FJ, Hanzen C. When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects. (2010). Theriogenology, 74: 327-44.
29. Royal M, Mann GE, Flınt AP. Strategies for reversing the trend towards subfertility in dairy cattle. (2000). Vet. J., 160: 53-60.
30. Saacke RG, Dalton JC, Nadir S, Nebel RL, Bame JH. Relationship Of seminal traits and insemination time to fertilization rate and embryo quality. (2000). Animal Reproduction Science, 60–61: 663–677
31. Senger PL. The Estrus Detection Problem: New Concepts, Technologies, and Possibilities. (1994). J Dairy Sci. 77: 2745-2753.
32. Slama H, Wells ME, Adams GD, Morrıson RD. Factors Affecting Calving Interval in Dairy Herds. (1976). Received January 12,. Journal article 3095 of the Agricultural Experiment Station Smıth JF, Becker KA. The Reproductive Status of Your Dairy Herd. (1999). Cooperative Extension Service Guide D-302.
33. Smıth RD. Factors Affecting Conception Rate. (1982).
34. Proceedings of National Invitational Dairy Cattle Reproduction Workshop Veerkamp RF, Beerda B, Van Der Lende T. Effects of genetic selection for milk yield on energy balance, levels of hormones, and metabolites in lactating cattle, and possible links to reduced fertility. (2003). Livest. Prod. Sci. 83: 257-275.
35. Walker WL. Nebel, R.L. and McGilliard, M.L. Time of Ovulation Relative to Mounting Activity in Dairy Cattle. J Dairy Sci. (1996). 79: 1555-1561.
36. Zwald NR, Weigal KA, Chang YM, Welper RD, Clay JS. Genetic selection for health traits using producer-recorded data. I. Incidence rates, heritability estimates and sire breeding values. (2004); J Dairy Sci. 87: 4287–4294.