A serologic investigation for Equine Viral Arteritis and Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infections in Horses in Afyonkarahisar, Ankara and Eskişehir Provinces, Turkey

Year 2016, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 159 - 164, 01.09.2016

Duygu Baki Acar Sibel Gür Metin Gürçay Erhan Özenç

https://izlik.org/JA72KT87YS

Abstract

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) was classified in the Arteriviridae family, and cause to abortus and disorders in alimentary and respiratory system. Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) is a Lentivirus into Retroviridae family. Both infections have worldwide dissemination. The aim of this study is to investigate these infections as serologically in horses from Ankara, Eskişehir and Afyonkarahisar provinces. A total of 204 (173 female, 31 male) samples were controlled using indirect ELISA. EAV specific antibodies were detected in 22 (10.8%) animals (20 female and 2 male). The ratios of EAV seropositive horses were 4.2% and 12.4% in the Afyonkarahisar and Eskişehir provinces, respectively, while all the sera samples were found to be negative from Ankara province. All of the samples were negative for EIAV as expected. As a result, both virus infections were investigated for the first time in the horse population in Afyonkarahisar and Eskişehir provinces.

Keywords

ELISA , Equine Infectious Anemia Virus , Equine Viral Arteritis , Horse

Türkiye’de Afyonkarahisar, Ankara ve Eskişehir İllerinde Equine Viral Arteritis ve Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Enfeksiyonlarının Serolojik Olarak Araştırılması

https://izlik.org/JA72KT87YS

Abstract

Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), Arteriviridae ailesi içinde sınıflandırılmakta ve abortus ile sindirim ve solunum sistemi bozukluklarına neden olmaktadır. Equine Enfeksiyöz Anemi Virusu (EIAV) ise bir Lentivirus’dur ve Retroviridae ailesi içinde yer almaktadır. Her iki enfeksiyon da dünya çapında yayılım göstermektedir. Sunulan çalışmanın amacı, bu enfeksiyonların Ankara, Eskişehir ve Afyonkarahisar illerinde bulunan atlarda serolojik olarak araştırılmasıdır. Toplam 204 (173 dişi, 31 erkek) adet örnek indirekt ELISA kullanılarak test edildi. Alınan örneklerin 22 adetinde (%10.8; 20 dişi, 2 erkek) EAV spesifik antikor tespit edildi. Afyonkarahisar ve Eskişehir’den alınan at serumlarında EAV seropozitif örnek oranı sırasıyla %4.2 ve %12.3 olarak belirlenirken, Ankara’dan alınan örneklerin tamamının negatif olduğu tespit edildi. Tüm serum örneklerinin EIAV test sonuçları beklenildiği üzere negatif olarak saptandı. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile Afyonkarahisar ve Eskişehir’de bulunan at populasyonunda her iki virus enfeksiyonu ilk kez araştırılmıştır.

Keywords

ELISA , Equine Infectious Anemia Virus , Equine Viral Arteritis , At

References

• Ahlswede L, Leyk W, Zurmuhlen K. Studies on equine viral arteritis: serological investigations, virus detection in semen and aborted fetuses, and vaccination. Prakt Tierarzt. 1998; 24:18-25.
• Akçay S. Yurdumuz atlarında anemi enfeksiyozun zuhuru ve anatomo-histopatolojik teşhisinin değeri. Türk Vet Hek Dern Derg. 1953; 76-77:479-505.
• Albayrak H, Ozan E. Serosurveillance for equine viral infectious anemia in Ardahan province of Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010; 42(8):1593-1595.
• APHIS. Equine infectious anemia: uniform methods and rules effective. The United States Department of Agriculture Publications, 2006, USA.
• Balasuriya UB, Evermann JF, Hedges JF, McKeirnan AJ, Mitten JQ, Beyer JC, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, MacLachlan NJ. Serologic and molecular characterization of an abortigenic strain of equine arteritis virus isolated from infective frozen semen and an aborted equine fetus. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998; 213:1586-9, 1570.
• Bryans JT, Doll ER, Knappenberger RE. An outbreak of abortion caused by the equine arteritis virus. Cornell Vet. 1957; 47(1):69-75.
• Bulut O, Yavru S, Yapici O, Kale M, Avcı O. The serological investigation of Equine Viral Arteritis infection in Central Anatolia of Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 2012; 11(7):924-926.
• Burgu İ, Akça Y, Toker A, Alkan F. Atlarda enfeksiyöz aneminin serolojik olarak araştırılması. A Ü Vet Fak Derg. 1989; 36(1):123-128.
• Cavanagh D. Nidovirales: a new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae. Arch Virol. 1999; 142(3):629-633.
• DEFRA. Equine infectious anemia: potential risk factors for the introduction of the virus the Greate Britain from EU member states and countries neighbouring the EU. International Disease Monitoring Units Qualitative Risk Assessment. 2006, 1:1-16.
• Del Piero F, Wilkins PA, Lopez JW, Glaser AL, Dubovi EJ, Schlafer DH, Lein DH. Equine arteritis virus in newborn foals: clinical, pathological, serological, microbiological and immunohistochemical observations. Equine Vet J. 1997; 29(3):178-185.
• Eichhorn W, Heilmann M, Kaaden OR. Equine viral arteritis with abortions: serological and virological evidence in Germany. J Vet Med 1995; 42:574-576.
• Gregg K, Polejaeva I. Risk of equine infectious anemia virus disease transmission through in vitro embryo production using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology, 2009; 72(3):289-299.
• Guthrie AJ, Howell PG, Hedges JF, Bosman AM, Balasuriya UB, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, MacLachlan NJ. Lateral transmission of equine arteritis virus among Lipizzaner stallions in South Africa. Equine Vet J. 2003; 35(6):596-600.
• Gür S, Çabalar M, Kaya A, Gürçay M. Van ilinde equine viral arteritis enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Kocatepe Vet J. 2015; 8:36-40.
• Hakioğlu F. Yurdumuz atlarında anemia infectiose hastalığının teşhisi için karaciğerde histopaolojik araştırmalar. A Ü Vet Fak Yay. 1955; No:61. A Ü Basımevi, Ankara.
• Hasan S. Investigations on the frequency and diagnosis of Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) infection in horses by virus isolation, molecular and serological techniques in the Marmara region. PhD thesis. Istanbul University Health Science Institute, Turkey, 2008.
• Holyoak GR, Knight-Sherod J, Timoney PJ, McCollum WH, Spatz M. The presence of equine viral arteritis in reproductive tissues and follicular fluid from experimentally infected mares. In: Proceedings of the Society for Theriogenology Conference, p. 6. Holyoak GR, Balasuriya UBR, Broaddus CC, Timoney PJ. Equine viral arteritis: Current status and prevention. Theriogenology 2008; 70:403-414.
• Huntington PJ, Forman AJ, Ellis PM. The occurrence of equine arteritis virus in Australia. Aust Vet J. 1990; 67(12):432-435.
• Issel CJ, Foil LD. Studies on equine infectious anemia virus transmission by insects. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1984; 184(3):293-297.
• Kırmızıgül AH, Yıldırım Y, Gökçe G. Kars veArdahanyöresindekiatlarda Equine Viral Arteritis enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansının belirlenmesi. Kars Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2007; 13:171-175.
• Kırmızıgül AH, Yıldırım Y, Gökçe E, Ataseven VS. Serologic evaluation of the equine infectious anemia in Kars and Ardahan-Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2009; 15:77-80.
• Kondo T, Fukunaga Y, Sekiguchi K, Sugiura T, Imagawa H. Enzyme-Linked Immuno sorbent Assay for serological survey of Equine Arteritis Virus in racehorses. J Vet Med Sci. 1998; 60(9):1043-1045.
• Lignee M. Memoire et observations sur une maladie de sang, connue sous le nom d’anhemie hydrohemie cachexie aqueuse du cheval. Rec Med Vet. 1843; 20:30.
• MacLachlan NL, Balasuriya UB, Rossitto PV, Hullinger PJ, Patton JF, Wilson WD. Fatal experimental equine arteritis virus infection of a pregnant mare: immune histochemical staining of viral antigens. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1996; 8:367-374.
• Marenzoni ML, Cuteri V, De Parri1 F, Danzetta ML, Yılmaz Z, Yaramış ÇP, Kennerman E, Or ME, Marchi S, Casciari C, De Mia GM, Valente C, Costarelli S. A pilot study on the epidemiological status of equine infectious anaemia, equine viralarteritis, glanders, and dourine in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim. Sci. 2013; 37:76-80.
• McGuire TC, Crawford TB, Henson JB. Immuno fluorescent localisation of equine infectious anemia virus in tissue. Am J Pathol. 1971; 62:283-294.
• Metcalf ES. The role of international transport of equine semen on disease transmission. Anim Reprod Sci. 2001; 68:229-237.
• Montagnier L. Lymphadenopathie-associated virus: from molecular biology to pathogenicity. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 103:689-693.
• Montelaro RC, Ball JM, Rushlow KE. Equine Retroviruses. In: Levy JA, eds. The Retroviridea. Plenium press; 1993. p: 257-360.
• Nejat S, Momtaz H, Yadegari M, Nejat S, Safarpour Dehkordi F, Khamesipour F. Seasonal, Geographical Age and Breed Distribution of Equine Viral Arteritis in Iran. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2015; 21:11-116.
• Neu SM, Timoney PJ, McCollum WH. Persistent infection of the reproductive tract in stallions experimentally infected with equine arteritis virus. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference Equine Infectious Diseases, 1987, p.149-154.
• Newton JR, Wood JL, Castillo-Olivares FJ, Mumford JA. Serological surveillance of equine viral arteritis in the United Kingdom since the outbreak in 1993. Vet Rec. 1999; 145:511-516.
• Noyan A. Anemia infectiosa equorumlu safkan arap atlarında hematolojik araştırma. A Ü Vet Fak Derg. 1958; 5:209-241.
• Pagamjav O, Kobayashi K, Murakami H, Tabata Y, Miura Y, Boldbaatar B, Sentsui H. Serological survey of equine viral diseases. Microbiol Immunol. 2011; 55:289-292.
• Paweska JT, Barnard BJH. Serological evidence of equine arteritis virus in donkeys in South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1993; 60:155-158.
• Paweska JT, Aitchison H, Chirnside ED, Barnard BJ. Transmission of the South African asinine strain of equine arteritis virus (EAV) among horses and between donkeys and horses. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1996; 63:189-196.
• Paweska JT, Binns MM, Woods PS, Chirnside ED. A survey for antibodies to equine virus in donkeys, mules and zebra using virus neutralisation (VN) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Equine Vet J. 1997; 29:40-43.
• Pronost S, Pitel PH, Miszczak F, Legrand L, Marcillaud-Pitel C, Hamon M, Tapprest J, Balasuriya UB, Freymuth F, Fortier G. Description of the first recorded mojor occurrence of equine viral arteritis in France. Equine Vet J. 2010; 42:713-720.
• Rola J, Larska M, Rola JG, Bélak S, Autorino GL. Epizotiology and phylogeny of equine arteritis virus in hucul horses. Vet. Microbiol. 2011; 148:402-407.
• Snijder EJ, Meulenberg JJ. The molecular biology of arteriviruses. J Gen Virol. 1998; 79:961-979.
• Stein CD, Mott LO. Equine infectious anemia in brood mares and their offspring. Vet Med. 1946; 41:274-278.
• Stein CD, Mott LO. Equine infectious anemia in the United State with special reference to the recent outbreak in New England. Proc US Livestock Sanitary Association. 1947; 37:52.
• Timoney PJ, McCollum WH, Roberts AW. Detection of the carrier state in stallions persistently infected with equine arteritis virus. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 1986; 32:57-65.
• Timoney PJ, McCollum WH, Murphy TW, Roberts AW, Willard JG. The carrier state in equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion with specific emphasis on the venereal mode of virus transmission. J Reprod Fert Suppl. 1987; 35:95-102.
• Timoney PJ, McCollum WH. Equine viral arteritis- epidemiology and control. J Equine Vet Sci. 1988; 8:54-59.
• Timoney PJ, McCollum WH. Equine viral arteritis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1993; 9:295-309.
• Turan N, Yılmaz H, Uysal A, Arslan M. Seronegative findings on the investigations of equine infectious Anemia in the Marmara Region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2002; 26:299-302.
• Ün H, Özgünlük İ, Çabalar M. Şanlıurfa ilinde equine viral arteritis enfeksiyonunun serolojik araştırılması. XI. Veteriner Hekimleri Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, Kemer, Antalya, 21-24 Ekim 2014; 308-309.
• Wada R, Kondo T, Fukunaga Y, Kanemaru T. Histopathological and immunofluorescent studies on the uterus of aborted mares experimentally infected with equine arteritis virus. J Equine Sci. 1995; 5:41-43.
• Weber H, Beckmann K, Haas L. Case report: equine arteritis virus (EAV) as the cause of abortion in alpacas? DTW 2006; 113:162-163. Valle H, Carre H. Sur la natur infectieuse de L'anemie du cheval. C R Acad Sci. 1904; 139:331-333.
• Yapkıç O, Yavru S, Kale M, bulut O, Şimşek A, Şahna KC. An investigation of equine infectious anemia infection in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Tyskr S Afr Vet Ver. 2007; 78:12-14.
• Yıldırım Y, Kırmızıgül AH, Tan MT, Gökçe E, Irmak K. Seroprevalence of Equine Viral Arteritis in donkeys in Kars district Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 2008; 7:1110-1112.
• Yılmaz H, Özgür NY, Ilgaz A. Serological investigation on the equine viral arteritis. 1st international Veterinary Microbiology Congress, September 25-27, 1996, İstanbul/Turkey.