Muş İlinde Canlı Hayvan Nakilleri Sırasında Hayvan Bakım ve İdaresini Yapan Personelin Hayvan Refahına İlişkin Algı ve Tutumları

Abstract

Bu araştırma Muş il merkezi ve bazı ilçelerinde yaşayan 80 hayvan nakliyecisi, araç sürücüsü ve hayvan bakıcısının katılımıyla yapılmıştır. Anket üç bölümden oluşmaktadır; birinci bölümde katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri incelenmiştir. İkinci bölüm bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal boyutlara dayanan hayvan refahı tutum ölçeği ve üçüncü bölüm nakil personelinin hayvan refahını etkileyen barındırma, besleme, personel, sağlık ve diğer faktörlere ilişkin algı ölçeğinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, hayvan nakillerinde görevli personelin hayvan refahı algı ve tutumunun idare ettikleri hayvan nakillerinde hayvanların refahını etkileyebileceğini göstermiştir. Muş ilinde gerçekleşen hayvan nakillerinde görevli personelin hayvan refahı konusunda bilgi ve becerisinin yetersiz olduğu ve hayvan refahına ilişkin personel tutumunda bilişsel ve duygusal boyutların ağırlık taşıdığı anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak çoğunluğu sekiz saati aşan uzun yol nakiller olan Muş ilinde gerçekleşen nakillerde insan-hayvan etkileşimlerinin düzeyini ve kalitesini arttırmak için nakilde görevli personelin algı ve tutumunun geliştirilmesi için personel eğitimi ve bilişsel davranışçı müdahale tekniklerinden yararlanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Hayvan Nakli,Hayvan Refahı,Tutum,Algı,Personel

The Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Animal Welfare of Staff Employed in the Care and Handling of Animals During Animal Transport in Muş Province

Abstract

The study was carried out with the participation of 80 people consisting of transporters, drivers and animal care personnel who deal with animal handling processes and live in the centre of Muş province and its districts where most of animal transporters settle. The questionnaire consists of three parts; the socio-demographic characteristics of participants are examined in part one. Part two analyses the attitude scale based on cognitive, emotional and behavioural aspects of animal welfare during transport; and, the third part evaluates the perception scale such as shelter, feeding, staff, health and other factors which determine the perception of staff towards the factors affecting animal welfare. The results obtained from the research showed that perception and attitude of the personnel assigned for animal transportation might affect the welfare of animals during transportation. Staff employed in animal handling and transportation in Mus Province is insufficient with respect to animal welfare knowledge and experience, and their attitude is shaped mostly by cognitive and emotional aspects. This study has come to the conclusion that in order to improve human-animal relations and its quality and ultimately animal welfare, the staff employed in the whole process must be evaluated thoroughly, and the fact that most transportations out of Mus consist of at least 8 or more hours of traveling should be taken into consideration in order to benefit from staff training and cognitive behavioural intervention techniques.

Keywords

• Animal Transport,Animal Welfare,Attitude,Perception,Staff

References

1. Anonim. Karayolu Taşımacılığı Sektöründe İstihdam; UND raporu. Uluslararası Nakliyeciler Derneği, İstanbul 2013 (http://www.lojistikhatti.com/haber/2013/06/karayolu-tasimaciligi-sektorunde-istihdam).Baxter SH, Baxter MR, MacCormack JA. Farm Animal Housing and Welfare. (Eds) 1983; Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publisher.
2. Boivin X, Le Neindre P, Chupin JM, Garel JP, Trillat G. Influence of bread and early management on ease of handling and openfield behaviour of cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 1992; 32(4): 313-323.
3. Bozkurt Z, Kılıç İ, Gücüyener Hacan Ö, Lenger ÖF. İnsan-hayvan etkileşimlerinin hayvan refahına etkisi. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi 2013; 6(1): 41-50.
4. Broom DM. “The welfare of livestock during transport.” In: M. Appleby, V. Cussen, L. Garcés, L. Lambert and J. Turner (Eds) Long Distance Transport and the Welfare of Farm Animals.2008; Wallingford, CABI, 157-181.
5. Coleman GJ. Personnel management in agricultural systems. In Rollin BE and Benson GJ. (Eds) Maximizing Well-being and Minimizing Suffering in Farm Animals. Iowa State University Press, Iowa, 2004; 167-181.
6. Coleman GC, Hemsworth PH, Hay M, Cox M. Predicting stockperson behaviour towards pigs from attitudinal and job-related variables and empathy. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.1998; 58:63-75.
7. Dockes AC, Kling-Eveillard F. Farmers and advisers representations of animals and animal welfare. Livest. Sci. 2006; 103(3): 243-249.
8. English P, Burgess G, Segundo R, Dunne J. Stockmanship: Improving the care of the pig and other livestock. Farming Press, Ipswich, UK, 1992.

9. Furnham A, Heyes C. Psychology students’ beliefs about animals and animal experimentation. Personality and Individual Differences, 1993; 15: 1-10.
10. Gonyou HW, Hemsworth PH, Barnett JL. Effects of frequent interactions with humans on growing pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1986; 16(3): 269-278.
11. Grandin T. Maintenance of good animal welfare standards in beef slaughter plants by use of auditing programs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2005; 226: 370−373.
12. Hemsworth PH, Coleman GJ. The stockperson and the productivity and welfare of intensively farmed animals. Human-Livestock Interactions: CAB International, Wallingford, UK; 1998.
13. Hemsworth P, Coleman GJ. Managing poultry: human-bird interactions and their implications. In The Welfare of Domestic Fowl and Other Captive Birds. Ed. Duncan IJH, Hawkins P, Springer Netherlands 2010; 219-235.
14. Hemsworth PH, Coleman GJ, Barnett JL, Borg S. Relationships between human-animal interactions and productivity of commercial dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 2000; 78(11): 2821-2831.
15. Herzog HA, Betchart NS, Pittman RB. Gender, sex role orientation, and attitudes toward animals. Anthrozoos.1991; 4: 184-191.
16. Hills A. Empathy and belief in the mental experience of animals. Anthrozoos.1995; 8(3):132-142.
17. İnceoğlu M. Tutum, Algı ve İletişim. Beykent Üniversitesi Yayınevi, İstanbul; 2010.
18. Kan CJ, Jager LP, Grommers FJ. Feed additives: do they add to animal welfare? An evaluation. Animal Welfare 1998; 7(4): 397-414.
19. Karpat Çatalbaş G. Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımını Belirleyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı, Kafkas Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi. 2015; 6(10):249-280.
20. Kauppinen T, Vesala KM, Valros A. Farmer attitude toward improvement of animal welfare is correlated with piglet production parameters. Livestock Science 2012; 143: 142-150.
21. Kellert SR. Human-animal interactions: a review of American attitudes toward wild and domestic animals in the twentieth century. In: A.N. Rowan (Ed.), Animals and People Sharing The World, Hanover, NH: University Press of New England 1988; 137-175.
22. Kellert SR, Berry JK. Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours towards wildlife as affected by gender. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 1987; 15: 363-371.
23. Kılıç İ, Bozkurt Z. The relationship between farmers’ perceptions and factors affecting sheep welfare. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2013; 26(9): 1329-1338.
24. Kılıç İ, Bozkurt Z. Bilişsel, duyuşsal ve davranışsal boyutta hayvan refahı tutum ölçeği ile hayvan refahını etkileyen faktörlere ilişkin algı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve hayvan haklarına yönelik katılımcı görüşlerinin belirlenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi Kesin Sonuç Raporu, 2014; Proje No: 12.Vf.02.
25. Kılıç İ, Bozkurt Z, Tekerli M, Koçak S, Çelikeloğlu K. The perceptions of employees in Afyonkarahisar sheep enterprises on factors affecting the animal welfare. Lalahan Hay. Arast. Enst. Derg. 2013; 53(1:29-38.
26. Kielland C, Skjerve E, Osteras O, Zanella AJ. Dairy farmer attitudes and empathy toward animals are associated with animal welfare indicators. Journal of Dairy Science.2010; 93(7): 2998-3006.
27. Köhler F. Consumer concerns about animal welfare and the impact on food choice. Report on National Survey-Germany 2001; Report of Project EU FAIR, CT98-3678.
28. Kutanis RÖ. Davranış Bilimleri Tutum. 2013. ErişimAdresi:http://halksagligi.med.ege.edu.tr/seminerler/200304/TutumOlcegiGelistirme_SK.pdf.Erişim Tarihi:25.06.2013
29. Likert R. The Human Organization: Its Management and Value. McGrow-Hill; New York, USA; 1967.
30. Maria GA. Public perception of farm animal welfare in Spain. Livestock Science 2006; 103(3): 250-256.
31. Napolitano F, Serrapica M, Braghieri A. Contrasting Attitudes towards animal welfare issues within the food chain. Animals 2013; 3(2), 551-557.
32. Ormandy EH, Julie D, Gilly G. Genetic engineering of animals: ethical issues, including welfare concerns. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 2011; 52 (5): 544.
33. Pascual‐Alonso M, Miranda‐de la Lama GC, Aguayo‐Ulloa L, Villarroel M, Mitchell M, María G A. Thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal nutrition. 2016; 1-11.
34. Paul ES, Serpell JA. Childhood pet keeping and humane attitudes in young adulthood. Animal Welfare 1993; 2: 321-337.
35. Pifer L, Shimizu K, Pifer R. Public attitudes toward animal research: some international comparisons. Society and Animals 1994; 2(2): 95-113.
36. Tozkoparan G. Davranış Bilimleri Tutum. Dördüncü Bölüm; 2013. Erişim Adresi: http://www.eytpe.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Davran-%C4%B1%C5%9F-Bilimleri-Tutum.ppt. Erişim Tarihi:15.06.2013
37. Trunkfield HR. Broom 1990. The welfare of calves during handling and transport. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1990; 28:135-152.
38. Van Poucke E, Vanhonacker F, Nijs G, Breackman J, Verbeke W, Tuyttens F. Defining the concept of animal welfare: integrating the opinion of citizens and other stakeholders. In: Ethics And The Politics Of Food. Kaiser M. & Lien M.E. (Eds), Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL)2006; 555-559.
39. Waiblinger S, Menke C, Coleman G. The relationship between attitudes, personal characteristics and behaviour of stockpeople and subsequent behaviour and production of dairy cows. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2002; 79: 195- 219.http://www.eytpe.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Davran-%C4%B1%C5%9F-Bilimleri-Tutum.ppt. Erişim Tarihi:15.06.2013