Simental Düvelerde Farklı İki Senkronizasyon Protokolünün Gebelik Üzerine Olan Etkinliği

Abstract

Bu çalışma ile day5 (D5) olarak isimlendirilen senkronizasyon protokolü ile 11 gün aralıklarla uygulanan PGF2α (D11) protokolü sonrasında yapılan zaman ayarlı suni tohumlamanın (TAI) kombine verimli bir ırk olan Simmental düvelerde gebe kalma oranı üzerine etkilerinin ortaya konması amaçlandı. 88 adet düve rastgele iki tedavi grubuna ayrıldı. D5 grubuna (n: 56), GnRH uygulamasının ardından 5. günde PGF2α enjeksiyonu yapıldı ve bir gün sonra ikinci PGF2α verildi. İkinci GnRH, TAI zamanında, ikinci PGF2α uygulamasından 44 saat uygulandı. D11 grubuna (n: 32) ise, çift doz prostaglandin PGF2α 11 gün aralıklarla verildi, GnRH TAI zamanında, ikinci PGF2α enjeksiyonunu takiben 81. saatte uygulandı. Gebelikleri belirlemek amacıyla 28. günde gebelik ile ilişkili proteinlerin belirlenmesine yönelik pregnant association glycoprotein (PAG) testi uygulandı. Ayrıca, TAI'yi takiben 63. günde embriyonik ölümlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla ultrasonografi ile gebelikler tekrar kontrol edildi. Sekronize adilen düvelerde 28. gün gebelik oranları D5 grubunda %51.8 (29/56) ve D11 grubunda %43.8 (14/32) oranındaydı P>0.05. 63. gün gebe kalma oranlarıı D5 grubunda %48.21 (27/56) ve D11 grubunda %40.62 (13/32) olarak tespit edildi P>0.05. Sonuç olarak, D5 protokolü D11 protokolü ile karşılaştırıldığında gebelik üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmamasına rağmen, rakamsal olarak yüksek bulundu. Uygulama süresinin kısa olması da göz önüne alındığında Simmental düvelerde TAI amacıyla kullanılabilir.

Keywords

• GnRH,Düve,PGF2α,Senkronizasyon,Zaman Ayarlı Suni Tohumlama

Efficiency of Two Different Synchronization Protocols in Conception in Simmental Heifers

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal the effects of timed artificial insemination applied after the synchronization protocol known as day5 (D5) and the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) protocol applied in 11-day intervals (D11) on pregnancy rates in Simmental heifers. A total of 88 heifers were divided into two treatment groups. In the D5 group (n: 56), after gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) application, PGF2α injection was made on the 5th day and the second PGF2α injection was given one day later. The second GnRH was applied at the time of TAI and at the 44th hour of the second PGF2α application. In the D11 group (n: 32), double-dose PGF2α was given in 11-day intervals. GnRH was applied at the time of TAI and at the 81st hour following the second PGF2α injection. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein visual test was carried out for determining to pregnancy on the 28th day. Additionally, for the purpose of determining embryonic deaths, the pregnancies were checked again by ultrasonography on the 63rd day following TAI. The 28th-day pregnancy rates in the synchronized heifers were 51.8% (29/56) in the D5 group and 43.8% (14/32) in the D11 group P>0.05. The 63rd-day pregnancy rates were 48.21% (27/56) in the D5 group and 40.62% (13/32) in the D11 group P>0.05. Consequently, although there was no statistically significant difference in terms of pregnancy rates between the D5 and D11 protocols, there was a numerical increase in the D5 protocol. Considering its short application time, D5 may be used for TAI in Simmental heifers.

Keywords

• GnRH,Heifer,PGF2α,Synchronization,Timed Artificial Insemination

References

1. Ahmadzadeh A, Gunn D, Hall JB, Glaze JB. Evaluation of treatment with a 5-day versus 7-day controlled internal drug-release insert on reproductive outcomes of beef heifers using a modified timed-artificial insemination protocol. Prof. Anim. Sci. 2015; 31(3): 270–277.
2. Archbald LF, Tran T, Massey R, Klapstein E. Conception rates in dairy cows after timed-insemination and simultaneous treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone and/or prostaglandin F2 alpha. Theriogenology. 1992; 37(3): 723–731.
3. Atkins JA, Busch DC, Bader JF, Keisler DH, Patterson DJ, Lucy MC, Smith MF. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced ovulation and luteinizing hormone release in beef heifers: Effect of day of the cycle. J. Anim. Sci. 2008; 86(1): 83–93.
4. Bishop BE, Thomas JM, Abel JM, Poock SE, Ellersieck MR, Smith MF, Patterson DJ. Split-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: III. Comparing fixed-time artificial insemination to split-time artificial insemination with delayed administration of GnRH in postpartum cows. Theriogenology. 2017; 99: 48–52.
5. Bó GA, Baruselli PS. Synchronization of ovulation and fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle. Animal. 2014; 8(1): 144–150.
6. Bó GA, de la Mata JJ, Baruselli PS, Menchaca A. Alternative programs for synchronizing and resynchronizing ovulation in beef cattle. Theriogenology. 2016; 86(1): 388–396.
7. Bulut G, Taşdemir U, Yıldırım AÇ. The efficiency pregnancy associated lycoproteins in pregnancy diagnosis. III International Congress on Advances in Veterinary Sciences and Technics. 2018. pp. 89.
8. Dahlen CR, Lamb GC, Zehnder CM, Miller LR, DiCostanzo A. Fixed-time insemination in peripuberal, lightweight replacement beef heifers after estrus synchronization with PGF2alpha and GnRH. Theriogenology. 2003; 59(8): 1827–1837.

9. El-Zarkouny SZ, Cartmill JA, Hensley BA, Stevenson JS. Pregnancy in dairy cows after synchronized ovulation regimens with or without presynchronization and progesterone. J. Dairy Sci. 2004; 87: 1024–1037.
10. Kuhn MT, Hutchison JL, Wiggans GR. Characterization of Holstein heifer fertility in the United States. J. Dairy Sci. 2006; 89(12): 4907–4920.
11. Leitman NR, Busch DC, Bader JF, Mallory DA, Wilson DJ, Lucy MC, Patterson DJ. Comparison of protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation in estrous-cycling and prepubertal beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 2008; 86(8): 1808–1818.
12. Leitman NR, Busch DC, Mallory DA, Wilson DJ, Ellersieck MR, Smith MF, Patterson DJ. Comparison of long-term CIDR-based protocols to synchronize estrus in beef heifers. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2009; 114(4): 345–355.
13. Lima FS, Ribeiro ES, Bisinotto RS, Greco LF, Martinez N, Amstalden M, Santos JEP. Hormonal manipulations in the 5-day timed artificial insemination protocol to optimize estrous cycle synchrony and fertility in dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 2013; 96(11): 7054–7065.
14. Martins T, Peres RFG, Rodrigues ADP, Pohler KG, Pereira MHC, Day ML, Vasconcelos JLM. Effect of progesterone concentrations, follicle diameter, timing of artificial insemination, and ovulatory stimulus on pregnancy rate to synchronized artificial insemination in postpubertal Nellore heifers. Theriogenology. 2014; 81(3): 446–453.
15. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. (2001). In Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. https://doi.org/10.17226/9825
16. Patterson DJ, Kojima FN, Smith MF. Methods to Synchronize Estrous Cycles of Postpartum Beef Cows with Melengestrol Acetate. Prof. Anim. Sci. 2003; 19(2): 109–115.
17. Peeler ID, Nebel RL, Pearson RE, Swecker WS, Garcia A. Pregnancy rates after timed AI of heifers following removal of intravaginal progesterone inserts. J. Dairy Sci. 2004; 87(9): 2868-2873.
18. Pursley JR, Mee MO, Wiltbank MC. Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2α and GnRH. Theriogenology. 1995; 44: 915–923.
19. Pursley JR, Wiltbank MC, Stevenson JS, Ottobre JS, Garverick HA, Anderson LL. Pregnancy Rates Per Artificial Insemination for Cows and Heifers Inseminated at a Synchronized Ovulation or Synchronized Estrus. J. Dairy Sci. 1997; 80(2): 295–300.
20. Rabaglino MB, Risco CA, Thatcher MJ, Kim IH, Santos JEP, Thatcher WW. Application of one injection of prostaglandin F2α in the five-day Co-Synch+CIDR protocol for estrous synchronization and resynchronization of dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 2010; 93(3): 1050–1058.
21. Ribeiro ES, Galvão KN, Thatcher WW, Santos JEP. Economic aspects of applying reproductive technologies to dairy herds. Anim. Reprod. 2012; 9(3): 370-387.
22. Schmitt EJ, Diaz T, Drost M, Thatcher WW. Use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or human chorionic gonadotropin for timed insemination in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 1996; 74(5): 1084.
23. Silva TV, Lima FS, Thatcher WW, Santos JEP. Synchronized ovulation for first insemination improves reproductive performance and reduces cost per pregnancy in dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 2015; 98(11): 7810–7822.
24. Stevenson JL, Dalton JC, Santos JEP, Sartori R, Ahmadzadeh A, Chebel RC. Effect of synchronization protocols on follicular development and estradiol and progesterone concentrations of dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 2008; 91(8): 3045–3056.
25. Taşdemir U, Yilmazbaş-Mecitoğlu G, Keskin A, Karakaya E, Çelik Y, Güzeloğlu A, Gümen A. Conception rate following timed artificial insemination protocols in dairy heifers synchronised by PGF 2α and GnRH. Ank. Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 2011; 58: 135-139.
26. Tenhagen BA, Drillich M, Surholt R, Heuwieser W. Comparison of timed AI after synchronized ovulation to AI at estrus: Reproductive and economic considerations. J. Dairy Sci. 2004; 87(1); 85–94.
27. Tenhagen BA, Kuchenbuch S, Heuwieser W. Timing of ovulation and fertility of heifers after synchronization of oestrus with GnRH and prostaglandin F2α. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2005; 40(1): 62–67.
28. VanRaden PM, Sanders AH, Tooker ME, Miller RH, Norman HO, Kuhn MT, Wiggans GR. Development of a national genetic evaluation for cow fertility. J. Dairy Sci. 2004; 87(7): 2285-2292.
29. Vasconcelos JLM, Silcox RW, Rosa GJM, Pursley JR, Wiltbank MC. Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 1999; 52(6): 1067–1078.
30. Wiltbank MC, Sartori R, Herlihy MM, Vasconcelos JLM, Nascimento AB, Souza AH, Gumen A. Managing the dominant follicle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2011; 76; 1568–1582.