Farklı Düzeylerde Beyaz Dut Posası ve Çayır Otu İçeren Silaj Karışımlarının In Vitro Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma silolanan beyaz dut posası (BDP), çayır otu (ÇO) ve iki ürünün üç farklı oranda karışımlarının in vitro gaz üretimi (GÜ), organik madde sindirilebilirliği (OMS) ve enerji değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. %100, 75, 50, 25 ve %0 BDP içeren BDP/ÇO karışım silajları ANKOMRF gaz üretim sistemi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Silajlarda artan BDP seviyelerinin gaz üretimini artırdığı görüldü. BDP silajının OMS değeri tüm silajlar arasında en yüksek iken, ÇO silajının en düşüktü (%47.83). BDP/ÇO’nun 75:25 oranındaki karışım silajında diğer karışımlara göre daha yüksek ME, NEL ve OMD değerleri elde edildi. Sonuçlar OMS, ME, NEL ve selüloz olmayan karbonhidrat değerleri ile GÜ-24 sa arasında pozitif korelasyonun olduğunu gösterdi (r=0.981, r=0,966, r=0.981 and r=0.957, sırasıyla). Çalışmanın sonuçları, BDP100/ÇO silajının OMS ve enerji değerlerinin diğer silajlara göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca BDP’nın farklı oranlarda ÇO ile silolanması, BDP/ÇO silajlarının OMS ve enerji değerlerinde artışa neden olacağından BDP/ÇO silajı gibi geleneksel olmayan silajların rasyonlara dahil edilmesi hayvansal üretim maliyetinin düşürülmesine katkı sağlayabilir. 

Keywords

• çayır otu silajı
• in vitro gaz üretimi
• organik madde sindirilebilirliği
• dut posası silajı

An In Vitro Evaluation of the Silage Mixtures Containing Different Levels of White Mulberry Pomace and Meadow Grass

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the in vitro gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and energy values of ensiled white mulberry pomace (WMP), meadow grass (MG), and the mixtures of the two crops at three different ratios. The silages in WMP/MG mixtures containing 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0% WMP were evaluated by using of ANKOMRF GP system. It was observed that increasing levels of WMP in the silages enhanced GP. Whereas the OMD value of WMP silage was highest (53.27%) among all silages, MG silage was the lowest (47.83%). Higher ME, NEL, and OMD values were obtained in WMP and MG mixture silage at a ratio of 75:25 compared with the other mixtures. The results indicated that the OMD, ME, NEL, and non-fiber carbohydrate values were positively correlated with GP-24 h (r=0.981, r=0.966, r=0.981, and r=0.957, respectively). The results of the study showed that the OMD and energy values of WMP100/MG silage were higher than the other silages. In addition, since ensiling of WMP with MG at different ratios will be resulted in increases in OMD and energy values of WMP/MG silages, incorporating unusual silages like WMP/MG silage into diets may provide a benefit to reduce in cost of livestock production.

Keywords

• In vitro gas production
• organic matter digestibility
• meadow grass silage
• mulberry pomace silage

References

1. Atalay Aİ, Kamalak A. Effect of Locust Bean Fracture on In vitro and In situ Degradation of Grass Silage. Iğdır Univ. Fen Bilim. Enst. Derg. 2018;8(4): 361–7.
2. Baytok E, Muruz H. The effects of formic acid or formic acid plus molasses additives on the fermentation quality and DM and ADF degradabilities of grass silage. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2003;27(2): 425–31.
3. Besharati M, Shafipour N, Abdi E, Nemati Z. Effects of supplementation alfalfa silage with molasses, orange pulp and Lactobacillus buchneri on in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017;6(1): 43–7.
4. Blümmel M, Becker K. The degradability characteristics of fifty-four roughages and roughage neutral-detergent fibres as described by in vitro gas production and their relationship to voluntary feed intake. Br. J. Nutr. Cambridge University Press; 1997;77(5): 757–68.
5. Canbolat Ö, Kalkan N, Karaman Ș, Filya I. The investigation of possibility of grape pomace as carbohydrate source in alfalfa silages. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak. 2010;16(2): 269–76.
6. Canbolat Ö, Karaman Ş. Comparison of in Vitro Gas Production, Organic Matter Digestibility, Relative Feed Value and Metabolizable Energy Contents of Some Legume Forages. J. Agric. Sci. 2009;15(02): 188–96. Chen L, Qu H, Bai S, Yan L, You M, Gou W, Li P, Gao F. Effect of wet sea buckthorn pomace utilized as an additive on silage fermentation profile and bacterial community composition of alfalfa. Bioresour. Technol. 2020;314: 123773.
7. Elmacı Y, Altuğ T. Flavour evaluation of three black mulberry (Morus nigra) cultivars using GC/MS, chemical and sensory data. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2002;82(6): 632–5.
8. Getachew G, Robinson PH, DePeters EJ, Taylor SJ. Relationships between chemical composition, dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of several ruminant feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2004;111(1–4): 57–71.

9. Güven İ, Kamalak A. Gladiçya Meyvesinin Çayırotu Silajında Kullanımı. Black Sea J. Eng. Sci. 2011;4(1): 22–8.
10. Hetta M, Cone JW, Bernes G, Gustavsson A-M, Martinsson K. Voluntary intake of silages in dairy cows depending on chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics. Livest. Sci. 2007;106(1): 47–56.
11. Kara K, Guclu BK, Baytok E, Aktug E, Oguz FK, Kamalak A, Atalay AI. Investigation in terms of digestive values, silages quality and nutrient content of the using pomegranate pomace in the ensiling of apple pomace with high moisture contents. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 2018;46(1): 1233–41.
12. Ke WC, Yang FY, Undersander DJ, Guo XS. Fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, proteolysis and lipid composition of alfalfa silage ensiled with apple or grape pomace. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2015;202: 12–9. Keady TWJ, Kilpatrick DJ, Mayne CS, Gordon FJ. Effects of replacing grass silage with maize silages, differing in maturity, on performance and potential concentrate sparing effect of dairy cows offered two feed value grass silages. Livest. Sci. 2008;119(1–3): 1–11.
13. Köksal Y. Dut posasının çayır otu ile silolanmasının silaj kalitesine ve sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması. PhD thesis, Ondokuz Mayis University, Health Science Institute, Samsun, 2020.
14. Krishnamoorthy U, Soller H, Steingass H, Menke KH. Energy and protein evaluation of tropical feedstuffs for whole tract and ruminal digestion by chemical analyses and rumen inoculum studies in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1995;52(3–4): 177–88.
15. Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 1988;28: 7–55.
16. Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A, Maheri-Sis N, Mansouri H, Razeghi ME, Shayegh J, Aghajanzadeh-Golshani A. Evaluating nutritional value of apple pomace for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. Ann. Biol. Res. 2011;2: 100–6.
17. NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed., The National Academic Press, Washington DC, USA. 2001.
18. O’Kiely P, Moloney AP. Silage characteristics and performance of cattle offered grass silage made without an additive, with formic acid or with a partially neutralised blend of aliphatic organic acids. Irish J. Agric. Food Res. 1994; 25–39.
19. Pirmohammadi R, Rouzbehan Y, Rezayazdi K, Zahedifar M. Chemical composition, digestibility and in situ degradability of dried and ensiled apple pomace and maize silage. Small Rumin. Res. 2006;66(1–3): 150–5.
20. Salman M, Muruz H, Cetinkaya N, Selcuk Z, Kaya I. Effects of the addition of essential oils cumimaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol on the in vitro gas production and digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2018;42(5): 395–401.
21. Selcuk Z, Cetinkaya N, Salman M, GENÇ B. The determination of in vitro gas production and metabolizable energy value of rice straw treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2016;40(6): 707–13.
22. Storm IMLD, Louise A, Hellwing F, Nielsen NI, Madsen J. Methods for Measuring and Estimating Methane Emission from Ruminants. Animals. 2012;2: 160–83.
23. Tagliapietra F, Cattani M, Guadagnin M, Haddi ML, Sulas L, Muresu R, Squartini A, Schiavon S, Bailoni L. Associative effects of poor-quality forages combined with food industry by-products determined in vitro with an automated gas-production system. Anim. Prod. Sci. 2015;55(9): 1117–22.
24. Ülger I, Kaliber M, Ayaşan T, Küçük O. Chemical composition, organic matter digestibility and energy content of apple pomace silage and its combination with corn plant, sugar beet pulp and pumpkin pulp. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 2018;48(3): 497–503.
25. Zhou B, Meng QX, Ren LP, Shi FH, Wei Z, Zhou ZM. Evaluation of chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro gas production of ensiled and sun-dried mulberry pomace. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2012;21(1): 188-197
26. Zhou Z, Zhou B, Ren L, Meng Q. Effect of ensiled mulberry leaves and sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace on finishing steer growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and carcass characteristics. PLoS One. 2014;9(1).