Bütirik Asit: Yapısı, Özellikleri ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2017, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 213 - 225, 01.03.2017

Abdullah Çağlar Oktay Tomar Teslime Ekiz

Abstract

Kısa zincirli yağ asitleri; bağırsak lümeninde, sindirilmemiş diyet karbonhidratları gibi çeşitli maddelerin bakteriyel fermantasyonuyla üretilen organik asitlerdir. Fermente edilebilir karbonhidrattan kolonik kısa zincirli yağ asitleri oluşumu, kolonik epitelyumun morfolojik ve işlevsel bütünlüğünün korunması gibi birçok fonksiyon için önemlidir. Üretilen bu kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinden birisi de, bütirik asittir. Bütirik asit (bütirat) sütte doğal olarak bulunan bir maddedir. Gıda maddeleri ve içecek endüstrisinde uygulamaları çok iyi bilinen bütirik asitin birçok kullanım alanı bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli üretim yöntemleri ile elde edilen bütirik asit, doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak farklı fizyolojik etkilere sahiptir. Diğer kısa zincirli yağ asitleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, biyolojik fonksiyonları arasında ayrı bir yere sahip olan bütirik asit, epitel hücreleri için enerji kaynağıdır. Bu madde, kolonik sağlığı etkileyen çok çeşitli hücresel işlevleri de etkilemektedir. Bütirat, kolonik savunma bariyerinin çeşitli bileşenlerini takviye ederek ve oksidatif stresi azaltarak inflamasyon ve karsinogenez inhibisyonu gibi çeşitli kolonik mukozal fonksiyonlar üzerinde güçlü etkiler gösterir. Ayrıca bu madde, yetersiz bütirik asit metabolizması sonucunda insanlarda gelişen ülseratif kolitin ve sindirim sisteminde görülen Crohn hastalığına sahip kişilerin tedavisinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, bütirik asitin önemi ve insan sağlığı üzerinde sahip olduğu çeşitli fonksiyonları hakkında genel bir bakış sağlamaktır.

Keywords

Bütirik asit, Bütirat, Kısa zincirli yağ asitleri, Kolon, Sağlık

Butyric Acid: Structure, Properties and Effects on Health

Abstract

Short chain fatty acids are organic acids produced in the intestinal lumen by bacterial fermentation of various substances such as undigested diet carbohydrates. Colonic short chain fatty acids formation from fermentable carbonhydrate is important for many functions, such as preserving the morphological and functional integrity of the colonic epithelium. One of these short chain fatty acids produced is butyric acid. Butyric acid (butyrate) is a naturally-found substance in milk. There are many applications of butyric acid, which are well known in foodstuffs and beverage industry. Butyric acid obtained by various production methods has different direct and indirect physiological effects. When compared to other short chain fatty acids, butyric acid, which has a distinctive biological function, is a source of energy for epithelial cells. This substance affects a wide range of cellular functions that affect colonic health. Butyrate has strong effects on various colonic mucosal functions such as inflammation and inhibition of carcinogenesis by supplementing various components of the colonic defense barrier and reducing oxidative stress. It is also used in the treatment of people with Crohn's disease in the digestive tract and ulcerative colitis that develop in humans as a result of inadequate butyric acid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the importance of butyric acid and the various functions that butyric acid has on human health.

Keywords

Butyric acid, Butyrate, Short-chain fatty acids, Colon, Health

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