Gastric Bleeding Case Associated with Hypocalcemia in A Dog

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 363 - 367, 30.09.2022

Beste Saraçoğlu , Doğan Can Haney , Mustafa Volkan Yaprakcı , Turan Civelek

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1059941

Abstract

The presented case report material was composed of a 4-year-old Golden Retriever dog brought to Afyon Kocatepe University Animal Hospital with complaints of weakness, anorexia, severe contraction and incoordination 1.5 months after giving birth. Due to biochemical analysis performed within the scope of anamnesis and clinical symptoms, serum calcium level was measured as 5.81 mg/dL and the patient was diagnosed with hypocalcemia (eclampsia). After the appropriate treatment procedure, all vital findings returned to normal, moderate hematemesis was observed 4 hours after the treatment. It was thought that the effect of hypocalcemia on the coagulation mechanism may cause gastric bleeding. In the biochemical measurement repeated 24 hours after the treatment, serum calcium level was determined as 7.70 mg/dL. In the subsequent follow-ups, no evidence of hematamesis was found and no recurrence was observed. The risk of bleeding disorders in dogs with hypocalcemia is significant and should be considered.

Keywords

Phosphorus, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Hypocalcemia, Calcium, Dog

Bir Köpekte Hipokalsemi İle İlişkili Gastrik Kanama Olgusu

Abstract

Sunulan vaka raporu materyalini doğum yaptıktan 1.5 ay sonra halsizlik, iştahsızlık, şiddetli kasılma ve inkoordinasyon şikâyeti ile Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Hayvan Hastanesine getirilen 4 yaşlı Golden Retriever ırkı köpek oluşturdu. Anamnez ve klinik belirtiler kapsamında gerçekleştirilen biyokimyasal analiz sonucu serum kalsiyum düzeyi 5.81 mg/dL olarak belirlenen hastaya hipokalsemi (eklampsia) tanısı kondu. Uygun tedavi prosedürü sonrası tüm vital bulguları normale dönen hastada, tedaviden 4 saat sonra orta şiddetli hematemesis gözlendi. Gastrik kanamaya hipokalseminin pıhtılaşma mekanizması üzerindeki etkisinin neden olabileceği düşünüldü. Tedaviden 24 saat sonra tekrarlanan biyokimyasal ölçümde serum kalsiyum düzeyi 7.70 mg/dL olarak belirlendi. Sonraki takiplerde hematamesis bulgusuna rastlanmadı, nüks gözlenmedi. Köpeklerde hipokalsemi olgularında kanama bozukluğu riski önemlidir ve dikkate alınmalıdır.

Keywords

Fosfor, Gastrointestinal kanama, Hipokalsemi, Kalsiyum, Köpek

References

• Ambrus, A., Bányai, I., Weiss, M.S., Hilgenfeld, R., Keresztessy, Z., Muszbek, L., Fésüs, L. (2001). Calcium binding of transglutaminases: A43Ca NMR study combined with surface polarity analysis. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 19, 59–74. doi:10.1080/07391102.2001.10506720
• Austad, R., Bjerkas, E. (1976). Eclampsia in the bitch. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 17(12), 793–798. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1976.tb06945.x
• Bloom, F. (1968). Canine Medicine (Ed. by E. J. Catcott). American Veterinary Publications, Inc., Illinois. p. 429.
• Braun, A., Vogtle, T., Varga-Szabo, D., Nieswandt, B. (2011). STIM and Orai in hemostasis and thrombosis. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) 16, 2144–2160. doi:10.2741/3844
• Carlström, B. (1929). Studies of the aetiology of the eclampsia in the bitch. Scotts Valley Veterinary Clinic 34. p: 101.
• Dimitrov, D., Mehandzhiysky N., Peev, I., Georgiev G. (2016). A Case Report Of Eclampsy In Dog. Tradition and Modernity in Veterinary Medicine, vol. 1, No 1(1): 39–43. Kayıt numarası; 20193267390
• Drobatz, K.J., Casey, K.K. (2000). Eclampsia in dogs: 31 cases (1995-1998). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217(2), 216–219. doi:10.2460/javma.2000.217.216
• Dzik, W.H., Kirkley S.A. (1988). Citrate toxicity during massive blood transfusion. Transfusion medicine review., 2,76-94. doi:10.1016/s0887-7963(88)70035-8
• Fielder S.E. (2015). The Merck Veterinary Manual, Eleventh Edition, Kenılworth, New Jersey,USA.
• Hall J.A. (2015). The Merck Veterinary Manual, Eleventh Edition, Kenılworth, New Jersey,USA.
• Mayer P. (1968). Eclampsia in the carnivore. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift,Wien. 55, 592.
• Mcdonald, L.E. (1965). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics p: 816. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
• Moe S. (2008). Disorders Involving Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium. Prim Care. 2008 June: 35(2): 215–216. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.07
• Morotti A., Charidimou A., Phuah C.L., Jessel M.J., Schwab K., Ayres A.M., Romero J.M., Viswanathan A., Gurol M.E., Greenberg S.M., Anderson C.D., Rosand J., Goldstein J.N. (2016). Association Between Serum Calcium Level and Extent of Bleeding in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage. JAMA Neurology, 2016;73(11):1285-1290. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.2252
• Nesvadba J. (1971). Clinical symptomatology and prophylaxis of eclampsia in the bitch. Kleintier Praxis, 16, 56.
• Pathan M.M., Siddiquee G.M., Latif A., Das H., Khan J.Z., Shukla M.K. (2011). Eclampsia in the Dog: An Overview. Veterinary World 2011: Vol. 4 (1): 45–47.
• Resnick, S. (1964). Hypocalcemic tetany in the dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 44, p: 1115.
• Thomas J.R., Dennis J.C., Larry A.N., Charles C.C. (1995). Pathophysiology of Calcium Metabolism., 24(2), 49–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.1995.tb00937.x
• Varga-Szabo, D., Braun, A. & Nieswandt, B. Calcium signaling in platelets (2009). Journal of Trombosis and Haemostasis 7, 1057–1066. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03455.x
• Wikström, B. (1974). Eclampsia in the bitch. Scotts Valley Veterinary Clinic, 26. P:34.