Kedi Meme Karsinomlarında Eritrosit İndeksleri, Trombosit İndeksleri ve Tam Kan Sayımının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 176 - 182, 30.09.2024

İbrahim Kurban , Zeynep Günay Uçmak

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1479289

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, meme tümörlü kediler ile sağlıklı dişi kediler arasındaki trombosit (PLT) indeksleri, eritrosit indeksleri ve tam kan sayımı (CBC) parametrelerindeki farklılıkları değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca meme tümörlü kedilerde yukarıda belirtilen parametrelerdeki farklılıklar, primer tümörün klinikopatolojik özellikleri açısından araştırılacaktır. Çalışmaya toplam 44 dişi kedi dahil edildi. Çalışma grupları, meme tümörlü kediler (Grup MT, n=22) ve kısırlaştırma için getirilen sağlıklı kedilerden (Grup H, n=22) oluşturuldu. Kedilerin yaşları 5-15 arasında değişiyordu. Grup MT'deki kedilerin yaş ortalaması 10,77±0,80, Grup H'deki kedilerin yaş ortalaması ise 6,75±1,21 yıldı. Tam kan sayımı, toraks radyografisi, klinik muayene bulguları ve histopatolojik incelemeye ilişkin tüm veriler, hayvan hastanesi otomasyon sistemindeki hasta arşivinden elde edildi. En yüksek kırmızı kan hücresi (RBC) ve hemoglobin (HGB) düzeyleri Grup H'de görülürken, Grup MT en yüksek beyaz kan hücresi (WBC), ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV) ve platelekrit (PCT) düzeylerine sahipti. T1'deki ortalama korpüsküler hacim (MCV) seviyesi T2-T3'e göre anlamlı derecede düşüktü. G1-G2'deki MCV seviyesi G3'e kıyasla daha yüksek olma eğilimindeydi. Grup MT'de CBC parametreleri tümörde metastaz varlığı, ülserasyon ve inflamasyon varlığına bağlı olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermedi. Meme tümörlü kedilerde CBC ve PLT indekslerinin değerlendirilmesinin hastalığın ve tümör özelliklerinin (tümör boyutu ve histolojik derecesi) hematolojik etkilerinin anlaşılmasında faydalı olacağı sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

Dişi kedi, Eritrosit indeksleri, Meme karsinomu, Trombosit indeksleri

Project Number

Yoktur

Evaluation of Erythrocytes Indices, Platelet Indices and Complete Blood Count in Feline Mammary Carcinomas

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the platelet (PLT) indices, erythrocytes indices and complete blood count (CBC) parameters between the cats with mammary tumor and healthy queens. Also, the differences in above mentioned parameters are going to be investigated in cats with mammary tumors with regard to clinicopathological characteristics of the primary tumor. A total of 44 queens were included in the study. The study groups consisted of cats with mammary tumors (Group MT, n=22) and healthy cats presented for neutering (Group H, n=22). The ages of the cats were ranged between 5-15 years. The mean ages of the cats in Group MT was 10.77±0.80 and in Group H was 6.75±1.21 years. All data on CBC, thoracic radiography, clinical examination findings and histopathology were obtained from the the patient archive in the animal hospital automation system. While the highest red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobulin (HGB) levels were observed in Group H, Group MT had the highest white blood cell (WBC), mean platelet volume (MPV) and plateletcrit (PCT) levels. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) level in T1 was significantly lower than in T2-T3. The MCV level in G1-G2 tended to be higher compared to G3.In Group MT, CBC parameters were not significantly different related to the presence of metastasis, presence of ulceration and inflammation on the tumor. It was concluded that evaluation of CBC and PLT indices in cats with mammary tumors would be useful in understanding the hematological effects of the disease and tumor characteristics (tumor size and histological grade).

Keywords

Erythrocytes indices, Female cat, Mammary carcinoma, Platelet indices

Ethical Statement

All animal-related procedures were approved by the local ethic committee (approval İU-C HADYEK 2024/28).

Supporting Institution

Yoktur

Project Number

Yoktur

Thanks

Yoktur

References

• Alan, E. M., Bamaç, Ö. E., & Koenhemsi, L. (2022). Evaluation of platelet count and platelet indices in cats and dogs diagnosed with lymphoma. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 15(3), 332-341. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1133202
• Avcı, B., Avcı, O., Solmaz, D., Yetişyiğit, T., & Burhan, T. (2017). Contribution of leukocyte platelet aggregates to development of thrombosis in patients with advanced cancer. Namık Kemal Medical Journal, 5(1), 7-15.
• Bailey, D. B. (2020). Paraneoplastic syndromes. In D. M. Vail, D. H. Thamm, & J. M. Liptak (Eds.), Small Animal Clinical Oncology (pp. 98-112). Elsevier.
• Buergy, D., Wenz, F., Groden, C., & Brockmann, M. A. (2012). Tumor-platelet interaction in solid tumors. International Journal of Cancer, 130(12), 2747-2760. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27441
• Coffelt, S. B., Wellenstein, M. D., & de Visser, K. E. (2016). Neutrophils in cancer: Neutral no more. Nature Reviews Cancer, 16(7), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.52
• Contursi, A., Grande, R., Dovizio, M., Bruno, A., Fullone, R., & Patrignani, P. (2018). Platelets in cancer development and diagnosis. Biochemical Society Transactions, 46(6), 1517–1527. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20180159
• Da Silva Soares, E., Rocha, C. C., Valente, F. L., Dos Anjos, L. R. A., de Oliveira, F. L. D., de Oliveira Loures, C., Rocha, P. T., Castro, V. R., Sarandy, T.B. & Borges, A. P. B. (2023). Platelet count and MCHC as independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas. Research in Veterinary Science, 164, 105024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105024
• Dagher, E., Abadie, J., Loussouarn, D., Campone, M., & Nguyen, F. (2019). Feline invasive mammary carcinomas: prognostic value of histological grading. Veterinary Pathology, 56(5), 660-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985819846870
• Elliott, J. (2014). Paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs and cats. In Practice, 36(9), 443-452. https://doi.org/10.1136/inp.g5826
• Fridman, W. H., Zitvogel, L., Sautès-Fridman, C., & Kroemer, G. (2017). The immune contexture in cancer prognosis and treatment. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 14, 717–734. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.101
• Gaspar, B. L., Sharma, P., & Das, R. (2015). Anemia in malignancies: Pathogenetic and diagnostic considerations. Hematology, 20(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1179/1607845414Y.0000000161
• Goldschmidt, M.H., L. Pena, V. Zappulli (2017). Tumors of the mammary gland. In D.J. Meuten (Ed.), Tumors in Domestic Animals (pp. 723–765). Wiley-Blackwell.
• Günay Uçmak, Z., & Güvenç, K. (2019). Malign mammary tumors in female dogs: Evaluation of clinical and certain hematological parameters. Turkiye Clinics Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.5336/vetsci.2019-71596
• Günay Uçmak, Z., Koenhemsi, L., Ateş, F., Tarhan, D., Gürgen, H. Ö., Yildirim, F., Uçmak, M., Kırşan, İ., Ercan, A. M., & Or, M. E. (2023). Amounts of tissue magnesium and some trace elements in cats with mammary tumors related to various clinicopathological parameters. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 79, 127246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127246
• Gu, M., Zhai, Z., Huang, L., Zheng, W., Zhou, Y., Zhu, R., Shen, F., & Yuan, C. (2016). Pre-treatment mean platelet volume associates with worse clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer, 23(5), 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-015-0635-6
• Hassan, B. B., Elshafae, S. M., Supsavhad, W., Simmons, J. K., Dirksen, W. P., Sokkar, S. M., & Rosol, T. J. (2017). Feline mammary cancer: Novel nude mouse model and molecular characterization of invasion and metastasis genes. Veterinary Pathology, 54, 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985816650243
• Hirota, T., Yonemaru, K., Hattori, M., Murakami, M., Sakai, H., & Hirata, A. (2024). Highly malignant endometrial stromal sarcoma in a cat. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 208, 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.011
• Hristov, T., & Binev, R. (2018). Blood count in dogs with mammary gland carcinoma. Agricultural Science and Technology, 10(1), 44 – 47. https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2018.01.011
• Ito, T., Kadosawa, T., Mochızuki, M., Matsunaga, S., Nishımura, R., & Sasaki, N. (1996). Prognosis of malignant mammary tumor in 53 cats. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 58(8), 723-726.
• Ji, Y., Sheng, L., Du, X., Qui, G., & Su, D. (2015). Elevated platelet count is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients. Platelets, 26(2), 138-142. https://doi.org/10.3109/09537104.2014.888547
• Karateke, A., Kaplanoglu, M., & Baloglu, A. (2015). Relations of platelet indices with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(12), 4905-4908. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.12.4905
• Klopfleisch, R. (2017). Feline mammary tumors (FMT). In R. Klopfleisch (Ed.), Veterinary Oncology Compact (1st ed., pp. 103-108). Springer Verlag GmbH.
• Koenhemsi, L., Uçmak, Z. G., Uçmak, M., & Or, M. E. (2020). Platelet indices in dogs and cats with pyometra. Revue Vétérinaire Clinique, 55(4), 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anicom.2020.07.002
• Köse, S. İ., Köse, A. M., Ürer, E. K., Bahan, O., Gözer, A., & Ambarcıoğlu, P. (2023). Diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumors in bitches—platelet indices are a remarkable marker?. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 51. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.132008
• Küçükbekir, Ç. N., Günay Uçmak, Z., Kırşan, İ.& Tek, Ç. (2020). A case of feline fibroepithelial hyperplasia in a male cat. Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences, 4(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.691787
• Lana, S., Rutteman, G. R., & Withrow, S. J. (2007). Tumors of the mammary gland. In S. J. Withrow & D. M. Vail (Eds.), Withrow and MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology (4th ed., pp. 619–636). Saunders Elsevier.
• Ma, X., Wang, Y., Sheng, H., Tian, W., Qi, Z., Teng, F., & Xue, F. (2014). Prognostic significance of thrombocytosis, platelet parameters, and aggregation rates in epithelial ovarian cancer. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 40(1), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12151
• Mantas, D., Kostakis, I. D., Machairas, N., & Markopoulos, C. (2016). White blood cell and platelet indices as prognostic markers in patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 12(2), 1610-1614. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4760
• Nascimento, C., & Ferreira, F. (2021). Tumor microenvironment of human breast cancer and feline mammary carcinoma as a potential study model. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Reviews on Cancer, 1876(1), 188587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188587
• Nash, G. F., Walsh, D. C., & Kakkar, A. K. (2001). The role of the coagulation system in tumour angiogenesis. Lancet Oncology, 2(10), 608-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00518-6
• Naess, I. A., Christiansen, S. C., Romundstad, P., Cannegieter, S. C., Rosendaal, F. R., & Hammerstrøm, J. (2007). Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 5(4), 692-699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02450.x
• Petrucci, G. N., Lobo, L., Queiroga, F., Martins, J., Prada, J., Pires, I., & Henriques, J. (2021). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic marker for feline mammary carcinomas. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 19(3), 482–491. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12686
• Saran, K., Vidya, K., Seema, K., Prasad, A., & Prakash, J. (2022). Study of platelet indices and their role in evaluation of thrombocytopenia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11, 6236-6242. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_460_22
• Thomas, R. (2015). Cytogenomics of feline cancers: advances and opportunities. Veterinary Science, 2, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci2030246
• Tvedten, H. (2022). Classification and laboratory evaluation of anemia. In M. B. Brooks, K. E. Harr, D. M. Seelig, K. J. Wardrop, & D. J. Weiss (Eds.), Schalm's Veterinary Hematology (pp. 198-208).
• Uçmak, Z. G., Uçmak, M., Tek, Ç., Koenhemsi, L., Bamaç, Ö. E., Gürel, A., & Yildar, E. (2018). Granulosa cell tumor in a spayed young queen. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 69(2), 1010-1015. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.18022
• Uçmak, Z. G., Koenhemsi, L., Uçmak, M., Or, M. E., Bamaç, Ö. E., Gürgen, H. Ö., & Yaramış, Ç. P. (2021). Evaluation of platelet indices and complete blood count in canine mammary tumors. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 49. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.114293
• Üstündağ Budak, Y., Polat, M., & Huysal, K. (2016). The use of platelet indices, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width in emergency non-traumatic abdominal surgery: a systematic review. Biochemia Medica, 26(2), 178—193. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2016.020
• Varlotto, J., & Stevenson, M. A. (2005). Anemia, tumor hypoxemia, and the cancer patient. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 63(1), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.04.049
• Zappulli, V., Pena, L., Rasotto, R., Goldschmidt, M. H., Gama, A., Scruggs, J. L., & Kiupel, M. (2008). Volume 2: Mammary Tumors. In M. Kiupel (Ed.), Surgical Pathology of Tumors of Domestic Animals. Davis-Thompson DVM Foundation.