The Main Aspects of Andrological Evaluation of Bucks

Year 2020, Volume: 60 Issue: 2, 74 - 80, 06.01.2021

Mehmet Borga Tırpan , Derya Şahin , Fırat Korkmaz

https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.846420

Abstract

Goat breeding has economic importance specifically in developing countries in terms of fiber, milk, and meat production. To reach the increasing market demands, a thoroughly organized breeding program is required. While most breeders focus on the female part of reproduction management, male selection constitutes the overlooked half. However, this forgotten part should begin with male selection through an andrological evaluation examination (Breeding soundness exam (BSE)). After the male selection, semen collected from these bucks can be transported to other herds easily and genetic advance can be achieved in a shorter period with the help of assisted reproductive techniques. Using selected males’ semen with artificial insemination (AI) in goats can bring huge improvement at goat breeding with its rapid and reform triggering effects. However, there are still missing pieces in terms of andrological examination evaluation and assisted reproductive techniques in goats and future research is still required to complete this puzzle. This review will focus on the selection of bucks and the advances in most commonly used assisted reproduction techniques in the field level.

Keywords

Andrological evaluation examination, Assisted reproductive technologies, Breeding soundness examination, Goat

References

• Ahmad, N., & Noakes, D. E. (1995). Ultrasound imaging in determining the presence of testicular degeneration in two male goats. British Veterinary Journal, 151: p.101-110.
• Ahmad, N., Noakes, D. E., & Subandrıo, A. L. (1991). B-mode real time ultrasonographic imaging of the testis and epididymis of sheep and goats. Veterinary Record, 128: p.491-496.
• Anand, M., Yadav, S., Kumar, J., & Madan, A. K. (2016). Assessment of motion characteristics and path velocities exhibited by barbari buck spermatozoa. Veterinary Practitioner, 17(2), 263–264.
• Bielli, A., Pérez, R., Pedrana, G., Milton, J., López, A., Blackberry, M.A., Duncombe, G., Rodriguez-Martinez, H., & Martin, G.B. (2002). Low maternal nutrition during pregnancy reduces the number of sertoli cells in the newborn lamb. Reproduction Fertility Development, 14: p.333-337.
• Chacon, J., Perez, E., Muller, E., Söderquist, L., & Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (1999). Breeding soundness evaluation of extensively managed bulls in Costa Rica. Theriogenology, 52: p.221-231.
• Chakraborty, P.K., Stuart L.D., & Brown J.L. (1989). Puberty in the male Nubian goat: serum concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone from birth through puberty and semen characteristics at sexual maturity. Animal Reproduction Science, 20:91.
• Coulter, G.H., & Foote, R.H. (1977). Relationship of body weight to testicular size and consistency in growing Holstein bulls. Journal of Animal Science, 44: p.1076-1079.
• Cseh, S., Faigl, V., & Amiridis, G. S. (2012). Semen provessing and artificial insemination in health management of small ruminants. Animal Reproduction Science, 130: p.187-192.
• Daskin, A., Stelletta, C., Pascale, L., Oztutar F., Alemdar, H., Turri, F., Tırpan. M.B., Vencato, J., Tekin, K., Pizzi, F. (2015). “Integrated Andrological Evaluation in Angora Goat.” Animal Reproduction, 12(3): 792.
• Daskin, A., Tekin, K., Tırpan, M.B., Inanç, M.E., Çil, B., & Alemdar, H. (2016). The effect of different insemination techniques and cervical conformation index on fertility rates in Angora goat. Animal Reproduction Science, 100(169), 116.
• Daudu, C.S. (1984). Spermatozoa output, testicular sperm reserve and epididymal storage capacity of the Red Sokoto goats indigenous to northern Nigeria. Theriogenology, 21: p.317-324.
• Delgadillo, J.A., Malpaux, B. & Chemineau, P. (1997). La reproduction des caprins dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales, INRA, Productions Animales, 10(1): p.33–41.
• Demir, H., Elmaz, Ö., & Cerit, H. (2018). Keçilerde puberta ve eşeysel olgunluk yaşının belirlenmesi ile ilgili araştırmalar. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, (January 2019). https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.415214.
• Dowsett, K.F. & Knott, L.M. (1996). The influence of age and breed on stallion semen. Theriogenology, 46: p.397-412.
• Fatet, A., Pellicer-Rubio, M. T. & Leboeuf, B. (2011). Reproductive cycle of goats. Animal Reproduction Science, 124: p.211-219.
• Filazi, A., Yurdakök, B., Tekin K., Tırpan, M.B., & Daşkın A. (2017). In vitro toxicity of some pesticides on goat and dog spermatozoa. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2).
• Gebre, Y. M. (2007). Reproductive traits in Ethiopian male goats with special reference to breed and nutrition. Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
• Gier, H. T. & Marion G. B. (1970). The Testis Development, Anatomy and Physiology, Volume I, Academic Press, New York and London.
• Gouletsou, P. G. & Fthenakis, G. C. (2010). Clinical evaluation of reproductive ability of rams. Small Ruminant Research, 92: p.45-51.
• Gouletsou P.G. & Fthenakis, G.C. (2015). Microbial diseases of the genital system of rams or bucks. Veterinary Microbiology, 181: 130-135.
• Gürler, H., Siuda, M., Göbel, H., Tırpan, B., Leiding, C. & Bollwein, H. (2012). Effects of a prolongation of equilibration time up to 96 hours on quality of cryopreserved bovine sperm. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47(Supplement 2): p.25.
• Hafez, E.S.E., & Hafez, B., (2000). Reproduction in Farm Animals. 7th Edition. ISBN 0-683-30577-8.
• Haigh, J. C. (2007). Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, Second Edition. Saunders Elsevier, Missouri.
• Hirano, Y., Shibahara, H., Obara, H., Suzuki, T., Takamizawa, S., Yamaguchi, C., & Sato, I. (2001). ANDROLOGY: Relationships Between Sperm Motility Characteristics Assessed by the Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) and Fertilization Rates In Vitro. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 18(4), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009420432234.
• Inanç, M.E., Tekin, K., Olğaç, K.T., Tırpan, M.B., Alemdar, H., Çil, B., Kaya, U., Stelletta, C., & Daşkın, A. (2017). Effects of region and invidualism traits on sperm freezeability of Angora Goats. Journal of Turkish Veterinary Medical Society, 88, 31-39.
• Karagiannidis, A., Varsakeli, S., & Karatzas, G. (2000). Characteristics and seasonal variations in the semen of Alpine, Saanen and Damascus goat bucks born and raised in Greece. Theriogenology, 53: p.1285-1293.
• Kennedy, S.P., Spitzer, J.C., Hopkins, F.M., Higdon, H.L., & Bridges, W.C. (2002). Breeding soundness evaluations of 3648 yearling beef bulls using the 1993 society for Theriogenology guidelines. Theriogenology, 58: p.947-961.
• Kimberling C.V. (1984). Breeding Soundness Evaluation of Rams. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 185: 325-325.
• Konyalı, C., Tomas, C., Blanch, E., Gomez, E. A., Graham, J. K., & Moce, E. (2013). Optimizing conditions for treating goat semen with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins prior to freezing to improve cryosurvival. Cryobiology, 67: p.124-131.
• Küçük, N., Aksoy, M., Uçan, U., Ahmad, E., Naseer, Z., Ceylan, A., & Serin, İ. (2014). Comparison of two different cryopreservation protocols for freezing goat semen. Cryobiology, 68: p.327-331.
• Menegassi, S. R. O., Barcellos, J. O. J., Borges, J. B. S., Canozzi, M. E. A., Perpolli, V., Junior, C. K., Lopes, F. G., & Cervo, H. J (2014). Breeding soundness examination: Understanding the causes of examination failure in young and mature rams. International Journal of Plant and Animal Sciences, 2(2): p.98-104.
• Menzies, P.I. (2012. Vaccination programs for reproductive disorders of small ruminants. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 130, 162–172.
• Ott, R. S., & Memon, M. A. (1980). Breeding soundness examinations of rams and bucks, a review, Theriogenology, 13(2): p.155-164.
• Palacín, I., Vicente-Fiel, S., Santolaria, P., & Yániz, J. L. (2013). Standardization of CASA sperm motility assessment in the ram. Small Ruminant Research, 112(1–3), 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.12.014
• Peterson, K., Kappen, M. A. P. M., Ursem, P. J. F., Nöthling, J. O., Colenbrander, B., & Gadella, B. M. (2007). Microscopic and flow cytometric semen assessment of Dutch AI-bucks: Effect of semen processing procedures and their correlation to fertility. Theriogenology, 67(4), 863–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.11.003.
• Pezzanite, L., Bridges, A., Neary, M., & Hutchens, T. (2018). Breeding soundness examinations of rams and bucks, Purdue Extension. Animal Sciences [cited 2018 26 February]; Available from: https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/AS/AS-599-W.pdf.
• Raji, L. O., Ajala, O. O., & Ameen, S. A. (2016). Testicular ultrasound as a breeding soundness examination and biometric tool for West african dwarf buck goats. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, (1): p.8-16.
• Ridler, A. L., Smith, S. L., & West D. M. (2012). Ram and buck management. Animal Repdoruction Science, 130: p.180-183.
• Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (2003). Laboratory semen assessment and prediction of fertility: still utopia? Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 38: p.312-318.
• Roof, D. J., Bowley, S., Price, L. L., & Matsas, D. J. (2012). Comparison of two commercial extenders for cryopreservation of goat semen without sperm washing. Theriogenology, 77: p.412-420.
• Salmon, V. M., Lerlerc, P., & Bailey, J. L. (2017). Novel technical strategies to optimize cryopreservation of goat semen using cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin. Cryobiology, 74: p.19-24.
• Sathe, S., & Shipley, C. (2014). Animal Andrology: Theories and Applications. Wagga Wagga, Australia.
• Tekin, K., & Daşkin, A. (2016). Effect of different extenders on motility and some sperm kinematics parameters in Norduz goat semen. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 40(4), 490–495. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1509-5
• Tekin, K., Çil, B., Alemdar, H., Olğaç, K.T., Tırpan, M.B., Daskin, A., & Stellatta, C. (2019). Semen collection by trans‐rectal digital stimulation and insemination campaign in goat. Andrologia, 52(2), e13458. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13458.
• Tekin, K., Stelletta, C., Çil, B., Tırpan, M. B., Olğaç, K. T., Alemdar, H., & Daşkın, A. (2017). Trans-rectal semen collection and artificial insemination in Angora goat. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 52(3): 64.
• Tırpan, M. B., & Tekin, N. (2015). Effects of boron (sodium pentaborate), added instead of Tris components, on freezing and post-thaw quality of Angora buck semen. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 62, 295-302.
• Tırpan, M.B., Tekin, K., Çil, B., Alemdar, H., İnanç, M.E., Olğaç, K.T., Stelletta, C., & Daşkın, A. (2019). The effects of different PMSG doses on estrus behavior and pregnancy rate in Angora goats. Animal, 13(3), 564-569., Doi: 10.1017/S1751731118001908.
• Tırpan, M.B., Tekin, K., Stelletta, C., & Daşkın, A. (2017). Intracervical artificial insemination of Saanen goats in different breeding age with frozen- thawed semen. 21th Annual Conference of the European Society for Domestic Animal Reproduction, 52(3), 138-138.
• Tibary, A., Boukhliq R., El Allali K. (2018). Ram and Buck Breeding Soundness Examination. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires. 6: 241-255.
• Tsakmakidis, I. A. (2010). Ram semen evaluation: Development and efficiency of modern techniques. Small Ruminant Research, 92(1–3), 126–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.04.017
• Yodmingkwan, P., Guntaprom, S., Jaksamrit, J., & Lertchunhakiat, K. (2016). Effects of extenders on fresh and freezing semen of boer goat. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 11: p.125-130.