Research Article

Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data

Volume: 10 September 21, 2026

Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data

Abstract

This study analyzes the structural patterns and temporal dynamics of migrant integration policies across the twenty-seven member states of the European Union, drawing on the 2020 and 2025 MIPEX editions through a multi-stage statistical framework. The analytical strategy combines Shapiro–Wilk normality tests, principal component analysis, k-means cluster analysis, Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn post hoc procedures, and paired comparisons of the two editions. The findings show that EU member states do not follow a uniform approach to migration governance but instead display a statistically significant and hierarchically structured pattern of differentiation. Principal component analysis shows that the eight policy dimensions are strongly interdependent, with a single component accounting for almost half of the total variance, while a second and independent component separates the dimensions along institutional lines. K-means analysis groups member states into three clusters, designated as leading, follower and lagging countries, and Kruskal–Wallis tests confirm that inter-cluster differences are statistically significant across all eight dimensions. Paired comparisons reveal that the interval between the two editions was broadly characterized by policy stability, with education the only dimension to record a statistically significant improvement. Taken together, these findings suggest that integration efforts across the EU have advanced most readily at the level of socio-educational inclusion, while encountering persistent resistance in the domain of full legal and political equality.

Keywords

MIPEX, migrant integration policy, European Union, differentiated integration, cluster analysis

Ethical Statement

This study did not require ethics committee approval. The analysis draws exclusively on aggregate, publicly available country-level policy scores published by the Migration Policy Group, and no human participants, personal data or animal subjects were involved at any stage.

Thanks

The authors thank the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, and the editorial office for verifying the dataset against the published MIPEX figures.

References

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APA
Uyğun, E. D., & Kanat, S. (2026). Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data. Lectio Socialis, 10. https://doi.org/10.47478/lectio.1957285
AMA
1.Uyğun ED, Kanat S. Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data. Lectio. 2026;10. doi:10.47478/lectio.1957285
Chicago
Uyğun, Ekin Deniz, and Selim Kanat. 2026. “Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data”. Lectio Socialis 10 (September). https://doi.org/10.47478/lectio.1957285.
EndNote
Uyğun ED, Kanat S (September 1, 2026) Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data. Lectio Socialis 10
IEEE
[1]E. D. Uyğun and S. Kanat, “Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data”, Lectio, vol. 10, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.47478/lectio.1957285.
ISNAD
Uyğun, Ekin Deniz - Kanat, Selim. “Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data”. Lectio Socialis 10 (September 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.47478/lectio.1957285.
JAMA
1.Uyğun ED, Kanat S. Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data. Lectio. 2026;10. doi:10.47478/lectio.1957285.
MLA
Uyğun, Ekin Deniz, and Selim Kanat. “Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data”. Lectio Socialis, vol. 10, Sept. 2026, doi:10.47478/lectio.1957285.
Vancouver
1.Ekin Deniz Uyğun, Selim Kanat. Migration Governance in the European Union: A Statistical Analysis of 2020–2025 MIPEX Data. Lectio. 2026 Sep. 1;10. doi:10.47478/lectio.1957285