Ethnicity-Based Political Instability in Iraq After 2003

Roxanne Shakor

TR EN

2003 Sonrası Irak'ta Etnisite Temelli İstikrarsızlık

Öz

Soğuk Savaş’tan sonra, etnik çeşitlilik daha önemli hale gelmiştir. İç çatışmaların etnik çeşitlilik ve ülkelerin siyasi istikrarı üzerindeki etkisi göz önüne alındığında birçok kanaat önderi tarafından etnik çeşitlilik olgusuna özel bir önem atfedilmiştir. Irak da kültürel, dilbilimsel, dini ve ulusal farklılaşmanın doğası çerçevesinde etnik çeşitlilik ile şekillendirilmiş bu ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Irak, 2003'ten önce tek bir parti yönetimi altındaydı. Etnik köken, politik yaşamda hiçbir rol oynamıyordu. Oysa yeni Irak Anayasası siyaset hayatında etnik topluluklara daha fazla rol vermiştir. Bu çalışmada Irak'taki etnik çeşitliliğin 2003 sonrası siyasi ortamda yapıcı bir rol oynaması için nasıl yönetilmesi gerektiği ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada etnik köken çeşitliliğine yapılan vurguyla Irak'taki siyasi istikrarsızlık arasındaki ilişki ortaya koyulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

etnik çeşitlilik , siyasal istikrar , milli kimlik , Irak

Ethnicity-Based Political Instability in Iraq After 2003

Abstract

Ethnic diversity is a global phenomenon that has become more critical after the Cold War and has been given particular importance by many scholars due to its extreme sensitivity in terms of internal conflicts and its effect on the political stability in a country. From this perspective, Iraq is a country characterized by ethnic diversity reflected by cultural, linguistic, religious, and national differentiation. Iraq was under the one-party rule before 2003, and the ethnic groups did not have any role in political life. In contrast, the new constitution gave more privileges to the ethnic communities. This article discussed the issue of ethnicity diversity in Iraq with reference to the political situation after the US invasion in 2003. The relationship between ethnic diversity and national identity is analyzed with particular emphasis on how ethnics diversity is be managed to ensure a decisive role in Iraq’s political life in Iraq. This article concluded that ethnic diversity is not governed healthily and thus, contributed to the political instability in Iraq.

Keywords

ethnic diversity , political stability , national identity , Iraq

References

Al-Douri, H. M. A., (2013). “alhwyh alwtnyh mqabl alhwyh alfr'eyh”, Iraq, University of Babylon, Journal of the Faculty of Foundational Education for Educational and Human Sciences. (14), pp. 297-309.
Al-Sarhan, H. A. D. (2015) “athr 'edm alastqrar alsyasy 'ela m'eshrat altnmyh albshryh fy al'eraq b'ed 'eam 2003”, Iraq: University of Karbala, Center for Strategic Studies, Journal of Ahl Al - Bayt Peace Be Upon Them, 1(18), pp. 16-44.
Al-Tabib, M. Z., (2007). “'elm alajtma'e alsyasy”, 1st ed. Libya- Zawya: University of the seventh of April.
Atwan, K. A., (2007). “mstqbl dwr al'eraq alsyasy alaqlymy”, Iraq: University of Baghdad, Journal of International Studies / published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, (33), pp. 147-176.
Baghdadi, A. S. I., (1993). “alwhdh alwtnyh wmshklt alaqlyat fy afryqya”, 2nd ed. Beirut- Lebanon: series of doctoral theses, (Center for Arab Unity Studies). Available at: https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=pM5snQEACAAJ.
Batatu, H., (1990). “al'eraq: altbqat alajtma'eyh walhrkat althwryh mn al'ehd al'ethmany hta qyam althwrh”, Part I. 1st ed. Beirut-Lebanon, Arab Research Foundation, Translation by Afif Razzaz.
Benneoui, H., (2015). “tathyr alaqlyat 'ela astqrar alnzm alsyasyh fy alshrq alawst”, 1st ed. Alexandria: Al-Wafa Legal Library.
Crawford, B. and Lipschutz, R. D. (1998) The Myth of “Ethnic Conflict”: Politics, Economics, and Cultural Violence, Research Series, uciaspubs/research/98. the United States of America: University of California, California Digital Labrary. doi: 10.2307/2586458.
Dawood, A. F. J., (2014). “'edm alastqrar alajtma'ey fy al'eraq ma b'ed 2003 drasat thlylyh fy althdyat alajtma'eyh walafq almstqblyh”, Iraq: Mustansiriyah University, Political and International Journal, (25), pp. 182-203.
Dobbins, J. et al. (2009) Occupying Iraq: A history of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Rand Corporation, pp. iii-xii. Available at: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/MG1200/MG1217/RAND_MG1217.pdf.

Hafez, T. H., (2009). “al'enf alsyasy fy al'eraq”, Iraq: University of Baghdad, Journal of International Studies / published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. (41), pp. 95-123.
Hassan, H. A. R., (1996). “al'eskrywn walhkm fy afryqya: drasat fy tby'et al'elaqat almdnyh al'eskryh”, 1st ed. Cairo: Center for African Future Studies.
Huntington, S. P. (2004). Who are we? The challenges to America's national identity. London: Simon and Schuster.
Imam, A. I., (1994). “altaghyh: drasat flsfsyh lswr mn alastbdad alsyasy,” 3 rd ed., Kuwait: World of Knowledge: A series of cultural books published monthly by the National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature.
Constitution of Iraq (2005). ‘The Constitution of Iraq of the Year 2005’, Available at: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Iraq_2005?lang=en.
Issawi, I., (2000). “altnmyh fy 'ealm mtghyr: drasat fy mfhwm altnmyh wm'eshratha”. 1st ed., Cairo: Dar Al-Shorouk.
Jassim, F., (2013). “alta'efyh wanhyar aldwlh al'eraqyh alhdythh”, Iraq, Journal of Al-Hewar Al-Mutamadin, (4270), pp. 1-5. Available at: http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=386090&r=0 (Accessed: 21 May 2019).
Khazraji, T. K. M., (2004). “alnzm alsyasyh alhdythh walsyasat al'eamh”, 1st ed., Amman-Jordan: Dar Majdalawi Pub. & Dis.
Konuralp, E . (2018). Kimliğin Etni ve Ulus Arasında Salınımı: Çokkültürcülük mü Yeniden Kabilecilik mi?. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 13 (2), 133-146 . DOI: 10.17153/oguiibf.400350
Mahdi, H. S., (2009). “drash fy mfhwm alhwyh”, Iraq: University of Mosul, Regional Studies, 5 (13), pp. 475-493.
Mohammed, A. J., (2013). “ashkalyt alhwyh fy almjtm'e al'eraqy”, Iraq, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah for Human Sciences, 16(2), pp. 175-193.
Mohammed, H. A., (2012). “ashkalyt alhwyh alwtnyh al'eraqyh”, Iraq: University of Baghdad, International Studies, (53), pp. 1-20.
Naji, E. M. A., (2008). “mfhwm 'edm alastqrar alsyasy fy aldwlh”, Iraq, Journal of Al-Hewar Al-Mutamadin, (2189), pp. 1-6. Available at: 0http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=124635&r=0 (Accessed: 20 May 2019).
Odeh, F. J., (2013). “alt'eddyh alhzbyh wzahrt 'edm alastqrar alsyasy: drast halt al'eraq b'ed 'eam 2003”, Iraq: Al-Nahrain University, Political Science, pp. 1-58.
Rapeli, L. and Schoultz, Å. von (2015) ‘Citizen Competence and Different Conceptions of Democracy’, ECPR Joint Sessions, Warsaw, pp. 1-18.
Salehi, A., (2015-2016). “eshkalyt altnmyh alsyasyh fy msr b'ed ynayr 2011”, Algeria: Université Oum El Bouaghi, Faculty of Law and Political Science, pp. 2-98.
Salloum, S., (2015). “alaqlyat fy al'eraq: aldakrh-alhwyh-althdyat”, 1st ed., Beirut-Lebanon: Dar Al-Rafidain for printing, pub. & dis.
Shattib, M. S., (2013). “athr althwl aldymqraty 'ela alastqrar alsyasy fy aldwl al'erbyh”, Iraq, University of Mosul, Regional Studies, 9(30), pp. 301-327.
TAL. (2004). Iraq: Law of 2004 of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/45263d612.html
Thompson, M., Wildavsky, A. and Ellis, R., (2010). “nzryt althqafh”, Edited by Farouk Zaki Younes, translated by Ali Said El Sawy. Kuwait: World of Knowledge: A series of cultural books published monthly by the National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature.
Zangana, A. Q. A., (2014). “alhwyh alwtnyh fy aldwlh al'eraqyh almwhdh: drash thlylyh tarykhyh fy aldstwr almlky waldsatyr al'eraqyh alm'eqth”, Iraq: University of Kirkuk, Journal of Kirkuk University for Human Studies. 9 (2), pp. 94-138.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Political Science

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Roxanne Shakor ^*
0000-0002-6581-6866
Iraq

Publication Date

July 14, 2020

Submission Date

March 23, 2020

Acceptance Date

July 2, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 4 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA45BJ39UW

APA

Shakor, R. (2020). Ethnicity-Based Political Instability in Iraq After 2003. Lectio Socialis, 4(2), 113-124. https://izlik.org/JA45BJ39UW

Lectio Socialis is a prestigious, international, peer-reviewed journal operating on a continuous publication model that provides a platform for scholars to share high-quality, policy-relevant research. The journal’s primary focus is political science, exclusively accepting original research and review articles. While centered on political inquiry, the journal also welcomes contributions from related fields such as public administration, international relations, and economics that offer significant insights into governance and power structures. The primary objective of Lectio Socialis is to maintain an independent and unbiased environment for global researchers to present transformative scholarship that addresses structural inequalities and contributes to the advancement of knowledge and social progress.

Lectio Socialis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2003 Sonrası Irak'ta Etnisite Temelli İstikrarsızlık

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ethnicity-Based Political Instability in Iraq After 2003

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

IZ

Cite