A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions

Manizha Ramizy; Vicdan Altınok

doi:10.36484/liberal.1853726

EN TR

A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions

Abstract

Gender discrimination in higher education has drawn significant attention. In Afghanistan, it has become a serious concern, limiting women’s rights and weakening social and economic development. The aim of this article is to examine gender discrimination in higher education in Afghanistan. This article analyzes the historical, cultural, political, and religious factors that have contributed to women’s exclusion from universities, focusing on the restrictions introduced since the Taliban’s return to power in 2021 and the official ban on women’s university education in December 2022. The study is based on a qualitative historical–causal approach and uses books, scholarly articles, and international reports as its sources. Findings show that patriarchal traditions, restrictive regimes, economic hardship, and misinterpretations of Islamic values have created systemic barriers to women’s education. These barriers reduce opportunities for women and lead to negative consequences for Afghan society. The results reveal that reorganizing education policies, raising public awareness, and protecting women’s right to education are necessary steps toward gender equality and national development.

Keywords

Afghanistan, Taliban, Education, Higher Education, Women’s Rights, Gender Discrimination, Gender Equality.

Afganistan’da Yükseköğretimde Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı Üzerine Bir Çalışma: Zorluklar, Nedenler ve Çözümler

Abstract

Yükseköğretimde toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımcılığı önemli bir sorun olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Afganistan’da bu durum kadınların haklarını sınırlayan ve toplumsal ile ekonomik kalkınmayı zayıflatan ciddi bir sorun hâline gelmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, Afganistan’da yükseköğretimde toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımcılığını incelemektir. Bu çalışma, Taliban’ın 2021 yılında yeniden iktidara gelmesinden sonra getirilen kısıtlamalara ve Aralık 2022’de kadınların üniversite eğitimine getirilen resmî yasağa odaklanarak, kadınların üniversitelerden dışlanmasına yol açan tarihsel, kültürel, siyasal ve dinsel faktörleri analiz etmektedir. Araştırma, nitel tarihsel–nedensel bir yaklaşıma dayanmaktadır ve kitaplar, akademik makaleler ile uluslararası raporlar temel veri kaynakları olarak kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, ataerkil geleneklerin, kısıtlayıcı siyasal rejimlerin, ekonomik zorlukların ve İslami değerlerin yanlış yorumlanmasının kadınların eğitime erişimi önünde sistematik engeller oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Bu engeller kadınların fırsatlarını azaltmakta ve Afgan toplumu üzerinde olumsuz sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. Sonuçlar, eğitim politikalarının yeniden düzenlenmesinin, toplumsal farkındalığın artırılmasının ve kadınların eğitim hakkının korunmasının toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve ulusal kalkınma açısından gerekli adımlar olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Afganistan, Taliban, Eğitim, Yükseköğretim, Kadın Hakları, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Gender and Politics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Manizha Ramizy ^*
0009-0002-4721-5677
Türkiye

Vicdan Altınok
0000-0002-9189-8068
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 7, 2026

Submission Date

January 6, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 122

DOI

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1853726

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85ZG42DU

APA

Ramizy, M., & Altınok, V. (2026). A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 122. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1853726

AMA

1.Ramizy M, Altınok V. A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi. 2026;(122). doi:10.36484/liberal.1853726

Chicago

Ramizy, Manizha, and Vicdan Altınok. 2026. “A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions”. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, nos. 122. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1853726.

EndNote

Ramizy M, Altınok V (June 1, 2026) A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi 122

IEEE

[1]M. Ramizy and V. Altınok, “A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions”, Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, no. 122, June 2026, doi: 10.36484/liberal.1853726.

ISNAD

Ramizy, Manizha - Altınok, Vicdan. “A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions”. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi. 122 (June 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1853726.

JAMA

1.Ramizy M, Altınok V. A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi. 2026. doi:10.36484/liberal.1853726.

MLA

Ramizy, Manizha, and Vicdan Altınok. “A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions”. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, no. 122, June 2026, doi:10.36484/liberal.1853726.

Vancouver

1.Manizha Ramizy, Vicdan Altınok. A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi. 2026 Jun. 1;(122). doi:10.36484/liberal.1853726

A Study of Gender Discrimination in Higher Education in Afghanistan: Challenges, Causes, and Solutions

Abstract

Keywords

Afganistan’da Yükseköğretimde Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı Üzerine Bir Çalışma: Zorluklar, Nedenler ve Çözümler

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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