Critical Perspectives on Social Capital and Development: Theory and Practice

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 109, 105 - 126, 20.03.2023

Fatmanil Döner

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1171327

Öz

This study intends to investigate the concept of social capital on the basis of evidence provided by theoretical perspectives and empirical studies. Various definitions of social capital touch upon beliefs, values, networks, and trust by complicating the meaning and creating conceptual chaos. In addition to shaky conceptual foundations, methodological inadequacies are also framing numerous problems and challenges. Moreover, lack of power, class, race, gender etc. analysis in the literature makes it difficult to contribute to poverty alleviation. In this respect, first, the origins of the social capital, definition, and the development of the concept will be explored. The investigation of the role of the World Bank in the promotion of the concept and the empirical evidences will constitute second part of this work. It is argued here in order to foster mechanisms of development, social capital projects require broader, more collaborative, and innovative approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social capital, Development, Poverty, World Bank

Sosyal Sermaye ve Kalkinma Uzerine Elestirel Yaklasimlar

Öz

Bu çalışma, sosyal sermaye kavramını alandaki teorik yaklaşımlara ve ampirik çalışmalara dayanarak eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sosyal sermaye kavramının toplumdaki inanç, değer ve güven ilişkilerine dokunan çok sayıdaki tanımı anlam karmaşası ve kavramsal karışıklık yaratmaktadır. Bu çok sağlam olmayan kavramsal altyapıya ek olarak metodolojik yetersizlikler de bilimsel açıdan kavramın sorgulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Sosyal sermaye literatüründe güç, sınıf, ırk, toplumsal cinsiyet analizlerinin eksik olması kavramın yoksulluğun giderilmesi
ve kalkınma konularında katkıda bulunmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın ilk bölümü sosyal sermaye kavramının çıkış noktası, tanımı ve gelişmesine odaklanacaktır. Dünya Bankası’nın ampirik tasarımları ve teşvikleri bu çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde incelenecektir. Sonuç olarak, kalkınma mekanizmalarını harekete geçirebilmek için sosyal sermaye kavramı daha geniş, kapsayıcı ve yenilikçi bakış açılarına ihtiyaç duymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Sermaye, Yoksulluk, Kalkınma, Dünya Bankası

Kaynakça

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