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Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası’nın Liralaşma Stratejisi Başarılı mı?

Year 2024, Issue: 115, 105 - 142, 28.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1540390

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası tarafından uygulamaya konulan Liralaşma Stratejisinin başarısını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Liralaşma, geleneksel olmayan para politikasının temel bileşeni olup, 2022 yılı başından 2023 yılı ikinci yarısına kadar resmi olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, Merkez Bankası’nın politika metinleri ve literatür taraması kullanılarak liralaşma stratejisinin araçları ve hedefleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Liralaşmanın hedeflerine ulaşma başarısını değerlendirmek için gerçek veriler ve grafiksel analiz kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, stratejinin fiyat istikrarı ve finansal istikrarın sağlanmasında başarısız olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca cari işlemler dengesi kötüleşmiştir. Diğer taraftan, yoğun düzenlemeler yoluyla şirket ve banka bilançolarında TL’nin payının artırılması, bütçe ve Merkez Bankası için yüksek maliyetlere neden olmuştur. Bunların yanında, TL’yi desteklemek için yapılan piyasa müdahaleleri, piyasa mekanizmasını ve göreli fiyatları bozmuş ve gelir dağılımındaki eşitsizliği artırmıştır.

Ethical Statement

Çalışmanın tüm süreçlerinin araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olduğunu, etik kurallara ve bilimsel atıf gösterme ilkelerine uyduğumu beyan ederim.

References

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  • Alvarez-Plata, P. and García-Herrero, A. (2008). To dollarize or de-dollarize: Consequences for Monetary Policy. BVA Working Paper, 0921.
  • Asso, F. P., Kahn, A. G. and Leeson, R. (2007). The Taylor Rule and the Transformation of Monetary Policy. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Research Working Paper, 07-11.
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  • Canuto, O. and Cavallari, M. (2013). Monetary Policy and Macroprudential Regulation: Whither Emerging Markets.
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  • CBRT. (2024). EVDS. https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • CIEPR – Committee on International Economic Policy and Reform. (2011). Rethinking Central Banking. Brookings Institution, Washington. August.
  • Costa, A., Columba, F., Kongsamut, P., Lim, C., Otani, A., Saiyid, M., Wezel, T. and Wu, X. (2011). Macroprudential Policy: What Instruments and How to Use Them? Lessons from Country Experiences. IMF Working Papers, 11/238, 8-26.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2009). Makroekonomi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Fischer, S. (2006). Dollarization, TCMB Dollarization: Consequences and Policy Options, Uluslararası Konferans, 14 December 2006.
  • IMF. (2013). Unconventional Monetary Policies-Recent Experience and Prospects. IMF Staff Report. Access date:16.9.2024, https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2013/041813a.pdf
  • Investing.com. (2024). Türkiye 5 years-CDS. Access date:13.7.2024, https://tr.investing.com/rates-bonds/turkey-cds-5-year-usd
  • Kavcıoğlu, Ş. (2022). Liralaşma Stratejisi. Merkezin Güncesi. Access date: 2.3.2024 https://tcmbblog.org/wps/wcm/connect/blog/tr/main+menu/analizler/liralasma+stratejisi
  • Kokenyne, A., Ley, J. and Veyrune, R. (2010). Dedollarization. IMF Working Paper No. 10/188, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1662261
  • Krishnamurti, D. and Lee, C. Y. (2014). Macroprudential Policy Framework. World Bank, 87810, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5308b0c7-e4c8-59a9-92d2-d96932b547fc/content
  • MTF. (2024). Monthly Budget Bulletin. https://www.hmb.gov.tr/bumko-aylik-butce-bulteni
  • Özatay, F. (2023). Kur korumalı mevduatın maliyeti. Access date:17.3.2024, https://www.tepav.org.tr/tr/blog/s/7241
  • Öztürk, N. (2022). TCMB’nin Liralaşma Stratejisi Adımları. Uluslararası İzmir İktisat Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı. Access date: 24.4.2024, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359191976_TCMB’nin_Liralasma_Stratejisi_Adimlari
  • Paranavithana, H., Magnusson, L. and Tyers, R. (2020). Transitions to inflation targeting: panel evidence. Applied Economics, 52(59), 6468–6481. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1796919
  • Serdengeçti, S. (2005). Dolarizasyon/Ters Dolarizasyon, Eskişehir, 3 Ekim 2005.
  • Sheedy, D. K. (2017). Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy Rules. Access date:16.9.2024, https://personal.lse.ac.uk/sheedy/papers/ConventionalAndUnconventionalMPRules.pdf
  • Taylor, B. J. (1993). Discretion versus policy rules in practice. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, volume 39, 195-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(93)90009-L.
  • TSI. (2024). Data Portal for Statistics. Access date:10.05.2024, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/
  • Vidal, A. J., Hoyle, F. D., Vargas, L. K. and Vásquez, M. V. (2022). Policies for transactional de-dollarization: A laboratory study. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 31-54.
  • WGB. (2024). Turkey Credit Rating. Access date:16.7.2024, https://www.worldgovernmentbonds.com/credit-rating/turkey/
  • Yenice, C. A. (2024). Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksulluk. İktisat İzleme Raporu 2023, İKAM, Sayı:18, 30-35. https://ikam.org.tr/images/iktisat_izleme_raporu_2023/air_iktisat_2023_online.pdf
  • Yeyati, E. L. (2021). Financial dollarization and de-dollarization in the new millennium. FLAR Working Paper. Access date:16.3.2024, https://flar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Financial-dollarization-and_0.pdf
  • Yılmaz, E. and Bulut, N. (2024). Inflation dynamics: Profits, wages and import prices. [Article submitted for publication].

Is the Liraization Strategy of the Central Bank of Republic of Türkiye Successful?

Year 2024, Issue: 115, 105 - 142, 28.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1540390

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the success of the “Liraization Strategy” introduced by the Central Bank of Republic of Türkiye. Liraization, the main component of unusual monetary policy, officially implemented from the beginning of 2022 to the second half of 2023. Using the policy texts of the Central Bank and literature review; regulations, tools and targets of the liraization strategy has been figured out. To evaluate the success of liraization, realization of the goals has been examined employing real data and graphical analysis. The outcomes indicate that the strategy has failed in price stability and financial stability. In addition, the current account balance has worsened. On the other hand, rising the share of TL in balance sheets of companies and bank via intensive regulations has caused to high cost on budget and the Central Bank. Also, market interventions to support TL have disrupted the market mechanism and relative prices; and have increased the inequality in income distribution.

References

  • Akıncı, Ö., Özer, Y. B. and Usta, B. (2005). Dolarizasyon Endeksleri: Türkiye’deki Dolarizasyon Sürecine İlişkin Göstergeler. TCMB Çalışma Tebliği, No:05/17.
  • Alvarez-Plata, P. and García-Herrero, A. (2008). To dollarize or de-dollarize: Consequences for Monetary Policy. BVA Working Paper, 0921.
  • Asso, F. P., Kahn, A. G. and Leeson, R. (2007). The Taylor Rule and the Transformation of Monetary Policy. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Research Working Paper, 07-11.
  • Başçı, E. and Kara, H. (2011). Finansal istikrar ve para politikası. İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 26 (302), 9-25.
  • BDDK. (2024). Haftalık Bankacılık Sektörü Verileri. Access date:15.5.2024, https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenHaftalik/tr/Gelismis
  • Bindseil, U. (2014). Monetary Policy Operations and the Financial System. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Bocola, L. and Lorenzoni, G. (2020). Financial Crises, Dollarization, and Lending of Last Resort in Open Economies. American Economic Review, 110 (8): 2524–57.
  • Canuto, O. and Cavallari, M. (2013). Monetary Policy and Macroprudential Regulation: Whither Emerging Markets.
  • The World Bank Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network. Access date:16.8.2024, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/252151468148153150/pdf/wps6310.pdf
  • CBRT. (2012). Finansal İstikrar Raporu, Sayı:15. Access date:11.3.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/7568f96c-1955-4025-ac61-da470d07745d/Fir_TamMetin15. pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-7568f96c-1955-4025-ac61-da470d07745d-m3fBbXF
  • CBRT. (2022a). Enflasyon Raporu-1. Access date:3.3.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Enflasyon+Raporu/2022/Enflasyon+Raporu+2022+-+I
  • CBRT. (2022b). Enflasyon Raporu-II. Access date:3.3.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Enflasyon+Raporu/2022/Enflasyon+Raporu+2022+-+II
  • CBRT. (2022c). 2023 Yılında Para Politikası ve Liralaşma Stratejisi. Access date:4.3.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/fb7ecbae-31a2-4600-bc81-b605ba10bc58/2023_Para%2BPolitikasi_ve_Liralasma_Stratejisi.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-fb7ecbae-31a2-4600-bc81-b605ba10bc58-otbbA6g
  • CBRT. (2022d). Finansal İstikrar Raporu, Sayı:34. Access date:6.03.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Finansal+Istikrar+Raporu/2022/Sayi+34
  • CBRT. (2022e). Zorunlu Karşılıklara İlişkin Basın Duyurusu, Sayı:24. Access date:9.3.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Duyurular/Basin/2022/DUY2022-24
  • CBRT. (2022f). Enflasyon Raporu-III. Access date:5.3.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Enflasyon+Raporu/2022/Enflasyon+Raporu+2022+-+III
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  • CBRT. (2022h). Finansal İstikrar Raporu, Sayı:35. Access date:10.03.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Finansal+Istikrar+Raporu/2022/Sayi+35
  • CBRT. (2023a). Enflasyon Raporu-I. Access date:10.03.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Enflasyon+Raporu/2023/Enflasyon+Raporu+2023+-+I
  • CBRT. (2023b). Enflasyon Raporu-II. Access date:10.03.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Enflasyon+Raporu/2023/Enflasyon+Raporu+2023+-+II
  • CBRT. (2023c). Finansal İstikrar Raporu, Sayı:35. Access date:10.03.2024, https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Finansal+Istikrar+Raporu/2023/Sayi+36
  • CBRT. (2023d). Press Release on FX-Protected Accounts, No: 2023-31. https://tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/EN/TCMB+EN/Main+Menu/Announcements/Press+Releases/2023/ANO2023-31
  • CBRT. (2024). EVDS. https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • CIEPR – Committee on International Economic Policy and Reform. (2011). Rethinking Central Banking. Brookings Institution, Washington. August.
  • Costa, A., Columba, F., Kongsamut, P., Lim, C., Otani, A., Saiyid, M., Wezel, T. and Wu, X. (2011). Macroprudential Policy: What Instruments and How to Use Them? Lessons from Country Experiences. IMF Working Papers, 11/238, 8-26.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2009). Makroekonomi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Fischer, S. (2006). Dollarization, TCMB Dollarization: Consequences and Policy Options, Uluslararası Konferans, 14 December 2006.
  • IMF. (2013). Unconventional Monetary Policies-Recent Experience and Prospects. IMF Staff Report. Access date:16.9.2024, https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2013/041813a.pdf
  • Investing.com. (2024). Türkiye 5 years-CDS. Access date:13.7.2024, https://tr.investing.com/rates-bonds/turkey-cds-5-year-usd
  • Kavcıoğlu, Ş. (2022). Liralaşma Stratejisi. Merkezin Güncesi. Access date: 2.3.2024 https://tcmbblog.org/wps/wcm/connect/blog/tr/main+menu/analizler/liralasma+stratejisi
  • Kokenyne, A., Ley, J. and Veyrune, R. (2010). Dedollarization. IMF Working Paper No. 10/188, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1662261
  • Krishnamurti, D. and Lee, C. Y. (2014). Macroprudential Policy Framework. World Bank, 87810, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5308b0c7-e4c8-59a9-92d2-d96932b547fc/content
  • MTF. (2024). Monthly Budget Bulletin. https://www.hmb.gov.tr/bumko-aylik-butce-bulteni
  • Özatay, F. (2023). Kur korumalı mevduatın maliyeti. Access date:17.3.2024, https://www.tepav.org.tr/tr/blog/s/7241
  • Öztürk, N. (2022). TCMB’nin Liralaşma Stratejisi Adımları. Uluslararası İzmir İktisat Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı. Access date: 24.4.2024, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359191976_TCMB’nin_Liralasma_Stratejisi_Adimlari
  • Paranavithana, H., Magnusson, L. and Tyers, R. (2020). Transitions to inflation targeting: panel evidence. Applied Economics, 52(59), 6468–6481. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1796919
  • Serdengeçti, S. (2005). Dolarizasyon/Ters Dolarizasyon, Eskişehir, 3 Ekim 2005.
  • Sheedy, D. K. (2017). Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy Rules. Access date:16.9.2024, https://personal.lse.ac.uk/sheedy/papers/ConventionalAndUnconventionalMPRules.pdf
  • Taylor, B. J. (1993). Discretion versus policy rules in practice. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, volume 39, 195-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(93)90009-L.
  • TSI. (2024). Data Portal for Statistics. Access date:10.05.2024, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/
  • Vidal, A. J., Hoyle, F. D., Vargas, L. K. and Vásquez, M. V. (2022). Policies for transactional de-dollarization: A laboratory study. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 31-54.
  • WGB. (2024). Turkey Credit Rating. Access date:16.7.2024, https://www.worldgovernmentbonds.com/credit-rating/turkey/
  • Yenice, C. A. (2024). Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksulluk. İktisat İzleme Raporu 2023, İKAM, Sayı:18, 30-35. https://ikam.org.tr/images/iktisat_izleme_raporu_2023/air_iktisat_2023_online.pdf
  • Yeyati, E. L. (2021). Financial dollarization and de-dollarization in the new millennium. FLAR Working Paper. Access date:16.3.2024, https://flar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Financial-dollarization-and_0.pdf
  • Yılmaz, E. and Bulut, N. (2024). Inflation dynamics: Profits, wages and import prices. [Article submitted for publication].
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Policy of Treasury, Macroeconomics (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

Bekir Eren 0000-0001-6993-7617

Early Pub Date November 6, 2024
Publication Date September 28, 2024
Submission Date August 29, 2024
Acceptance Date September 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 115

Cite

APA Eren, B. (2024). Is the Liraization Strategy of the Central Bank of Republic of Türkiye Successful? Liberal Düşünce Dergisi(115), 105-142. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1540390