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Rekabetin Sistematik Evreleri: Tarihsel ve Teorik Bir Çözümleme

Year 2025, Issue: 119, 23 - 48, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1640858

Abstract

Bu çalışma, rekabetin tarihsel ve teorik gelişiminin sistematik bir incelemesini sunarak, ekonomik düşünce içinde nasıl şekillendiğini analiz etmektedir. Merkantilist dönemi ile başlayan rekabetin evrimi, Smith ve klasik iktisatçılarının perspektiflerinden, Marksist analiz, neoklasik denge yaklaşımı, Schumpeter’in yenilikçi rekabet teorisi ve stratejik yaklaşımlar aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Rekabetin yalnızca soyut bir model olmadığını, aynı zamanda pratik uygulamalarla derinden iç içe geçmiş bir ekonomik olgu olduğunu vurgulayan çalışma, rekabetin çeşitli teorik çerçevelerle geçirdiği dönüşümü değerlendirerek, çağdaş ekonomik politikalara referans olabilecek görüşler sunmaktadır.

References

  • Aftalion, F. and Poncet, P. (1995). Monetarizm (çev. Lerzan Özkale). Istanbul: İletişim Publishing.
  • Akgül, F. (2021), A Comparative analysis between the new great power competition and the cold war: Quo Imus?. Journal of Diplomatic Research, 3(2), 24-38.
  • Aktan, C. C. ve Vural, İ. Y. (2004). Yeni ekonomi ve yeni rekabet. Ankara: Ajans-Türk Basım ve Basım A.Ş.
  • Arrow, K. J. and Hahn, F. H. (1971). General Competitive Analysis. San Francisco: Holden-Day.
  • Bahar, O. ve Kozak, M. (2012), Turizm ve rekabet, Ankara: Detay Yayınları.
  • Bain, J. S. (1951). Relation of profit rate to industry concentration: American manufacturing, 1936–1940. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 65(3), 293–324.
  • Burt, R. (1995). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. U.S.A.: Harvard University.
  • Cantillon, R. (2011). Essai sur la nature du commerce en général. Paris: Institut Coppet.
  • Clark, J. M. (1961). Competition as a dynamic process. Washington: Brookings Institution.
  • Claudius, G. and Pühringer, S. (2021). Competition universalism: Its historical origins and timely alternatives. ICAE Working Paper Series, 125, 1-29.
  • Cournot, A. (1929). Researches into the mathematical principles of the theory of wealth (Trans. N. T. Bacon). New York: Macmillan Co.
  • D’Aveni, R. A. and Gunther, R. (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. New York: The Free Press.
  • Demir, E. and Bahar, O. (2021). A research on providing competitive advantage of energy use in the tourism sector. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 7(1), 1-10.
  • Dennis, K. (1975). Competition in the history of economic thought. A Thesis to Fulfill the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, UK: University of Oxford.
  • Dinler, Z. (2005). Bölgesel iktisat. Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Erkan, H. (1992). Sosyal piyasa ekonomisinin rekabet boyutu. İzmir: Tükelmat A.Ş.
  • Ferro, M. (2002). Sömürgecilik tarihi (çev. Muna Cedden). Ankara: İmge Publishing.
  • Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the collège de France 1978-79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Freedman, L. (2019). The rise and fall of great power wars. International Affairs, 95 (1), 101–18.
  • Hanan, M. (1996). Yarının rekabeti (çev. Ziya Kütevin). Istanbul: İnkilap Publishing.
  • Harvey, D. (2008). Yeni emperyalizm (çev. Hür Güldü). Istanbul: Everest Publishing.
  • Hayek, F. A. (2016). The meaning of competition. Econ Journal Watch, 13(2), 360-371.
  • Heckscher, E. (1919). The effect of foreign trade on the distribution of income. Ekonomisk Tidskrift, 21, 497-512. Heckscher, E. F. (1935). Mercantilism, U.K.: Routledge.
  • Jacquemin, A. (2000). Theories of Industrial organization and competition policy: What are the links. European Commission Delegation Library Working Paper, No. 20037, Washington D.C.
  • Jambor, A., and Babu, S. (2016). Competitiveness: Definitions, theories and measurement. Competitiveness of Global Agriculture, 25-45.
  • Jessop, B. (1992). Pathways to regionalism and industrial development. London: Routledge.
  • Kantzenbach, E. (1990). Competition policy in West Germany: A Comparison with the antitrust policy of the United States. London: Routledge.
  • Krugman, P. (1994). Competitiveness: A dangerous obsession. Foreign affairs, 73(2), 28-44.
  • Lewis, O. (1966). Culture of poverty. Scientific American, 215(4), 19-25.
  • Listra, E. (2015). The concept of competition and the objectives of competitors. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 25-30.
  • Mandel, E. (1998). Marksist ekonomi kuramına giriş (çev. Orhan Dilber, Şadi Ozansü, Bülent Tanatar, Osman S. Binatlı). Istanbul: Toplumsal Dönüşüm Publishing.
  • Marx, K. (2011). Ekonomi politik ve felsefe (çev. Kenan Somer). Ankara: Sol Publishing.
  • McGrath, R. G. (1999). Falling forward: Real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review, 24, 13-30.
  • McNulty, P. J. (1967). A note on the history of perfect competition. Journal of Political Economy, 75(4), 395-399.
  • Moalla, M. (2020). Mechanisms of Schumpeterian competition in Turkish manufacturing industries. Mersin University Journal of Social Sciences Institute e-Journal, 4(1), 121-135.
  • Overbeek, H. (2002). Neoliberalism and the regulation of global labor mobility. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 581 (May), 74-90
  • Özel, M. (1998). Küresel rekabet. Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Park, R. E. (2018). Competition and conflict. Istanbul: Pinhan Publishing.
  • Pirenne, H. (1972). Economic and social history of medieval Europe. U.K.: Routledge.
  • Polanyi, K. (2010). Büyük dönüşüm (çev. Ayşe Buğra). Ankara: İletişim Publishing.
  • Porter, M. E. (2011). Rekabet üzerine (çev. Kıvanç Tanrıyar) Istanbul: Optimist Publishing.
  • Rey, P. P. (1973). Les alliances des classes. Paris: F. Maspero Press.
  • Robinson, J. (1933). The Economics of imperfect competition. London: Macmillan.
  • Robinson, J. (1953). Imperfect competition revisited. Economic Journal, 63, 580-595.
  • Santagiustina, C. R. M. A. (2014), Competitive analysis vademecum: A report of class speech, debate, home readings and personal thoughts, Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259694450_Competitive_Analysis_Vademecum.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1954). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Serra, A. (2012). A short treatise on the causes that can make kingdoms abound in gold and silver even in the absence of mines. U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shatz, H. J. (2020). Economic competition in the 21st century, RAND corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR4100/RR4188/RAND_RR4188.pdf.
  • Smith, A. (1954). Milletlerin zenginliği (çev. Haldun Derin). Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Sosnick, S. H. (1968), Toward A concrete concept of effective competition. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50(4), 827-853.
  • Soule, G. (1978). Ekonominin ABC’si (çev. Nejat Muallimoğlu). Istanbul: Muhallimoğlu Yayınları.
  • Sraffa, P. (1926). The law of return under competitive conditions. Economic Journal, 36, 535-550.
  • Stewart, M. (1980). Keynes devrimi (çev. Asım Baltacıgil). Istanbul: Minnetoğlu Yayınları.
  • Stigler, G. J. (1957). Perfect competition, historically contemplated. Journal of Political Economy, 65, 1-17.
  • Taylor, W. F. (2008). The principles of scientific management. Stilwell: Digireads Publishing.
  • Thorton, M. (1947). Richard Cantillon and the discovery of opportunity cost. History of Political Economy, 39(1), 97-119.
  • Thurow, L. (1993). Head-to-head: The coming economic battle among Japan, Europe, and America. New York: Warner Books.
  • Tokatlıoğlu, İ. (1999). İktisadi analizde rekabet kavramının gelişimi. Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 10(33), 5-26.
  • Turan, H. (2015). Taylor’s “Scientific management principles”: Contemporary issues in personnel selection period. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(11), 1102-1105.
  • Türkkan, E. (2001). Rekabet teorisi ve endüstri iktisadı. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Yap, J. T. (2004), A note on the competitiveness debate, PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2004-39. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Makati City. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/127857/1/pids-dps2004-39.pdf.

The Systematic Phases of Competition: A Historical and Theoretical Examination

Year 2025, Issue: 119, 23 - 48, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1640858

Abstract

This study provides a systematic examination of the historical and theoretical development of competition, analyzing how it has been shaped within economic thought. Beginning with the mercantilist era, the evolution of competition is examined through the perspectives of Smith and classical economists, Marxist analysis, the neoclassical equilibrium approach, Schumpeter’s innovative competition theory, and strategic approaches. Emphasizing that competition is not merely an abstract model, but an economic phenomenon deeply intertwined with practical applications, the study evaluates the transformation of competition through various theoretical frameworks, offering insights that can serve as a reference for contemporary economic policies.

References

  • Aftalion, F. and Poncet, P. (1995). Monetarizm (çev. Lerzan Özkale). Istanbul: İletişim Publishing.
  • Akgül, F. (2021), A Comparative analysis between the new great power competition and the cold war: Quo Imus?. Journal of Diplomatic Research, 3(2), 24-38.
  • Aktan, C. C. ve Vural, İ. Y. (2004). Yeni ekonomi ve yeni rekabet. Ankara: Ajans-Türk Basım ve Basım A.Ş.
  • Arrow, K. J. and Hahn, F. H. (1971). General Competitive Analysis. San Francisco: Holden-Day.
  • Bahar, O. ve Kozak, M. (2012), Turizm ve rekabet, Ankara: Detay Yayınları.
  • Bain, J. S. (1951). Relation of profit rate to industry concentration: American manufacturing, 1936–1940. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 65(3), 293–324.
  • Burt, R. (1995). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. U.S.A.: Harvard University.
  • Cantillon, R. (2011). Essai sur la nature du commerce en général. Paris: Institut Coppet.
  • Clark, J. M. (1961). Competition as a dynamic process. Washington: Brookings Institution.
  • Claudius, G. and Pühringer, S. (2021). Competition universalism: Its historical origins and timely alternatives. ICAE Working Paper Series, 125, 1-29.
  • Cournot, A. (1929). Researches into the mathematical principles of the theory of wealth (Trans. N. T. Bacon). New York: Macmillan Co.
  • D’Aveni, R. A. and Gunther, R. (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. New York: The Free Press.
  • Demir, E. and Bahar, O. (2021). A research on providing competitive advantage of energy use in the tourism sector. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 7(1), 1-10.
  • Dennis, K. (1975). Competition in the history of economic thought. A Thesis to Fulfill the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, UK: University of Oxford.
  • Dinler, Z. (2005). Bölgesel iktisat. Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Erkan, H. (1992). Sosyal piyasa ekonomisinin rekabet boyutu. İzmir: Tükelmat A.Ş.
  • Ferro, M. (2002). Sömürgecilik tarihi (çev. Muna Cedden). Ankara: İmge Publishing.
  • Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the collège de France 1978-79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Freedman, L. (2019). The rise and fall of great power wars. International Affairs, 95 (1), 101–18.
  • Hanan, M. (1996). Yarının rekabeti (çev. Ziya Kütevin). Istanbul: İnkilap Publishing.
  • Harvey, D. (2008). Yeni emperyalizm (çev. Hür Güldü). Istanbul: Everest Publishing.
  • Hayek, F. A. (2016). The meaning of competition. Econ Journal Watch, 13(2), 360-371.
  • Heckscher, E. (1919). The effect of foreign trade on the distribution of income. Ekonomisk Tidskrift, 21, 497-512. Heckscher, E. F. (1935). Mercantilism, U.K.: Routledge.
  • Jacquemin, A. (2000). Theories of Industrial organization and competition policy: What are the links. European Commission Delegation Library Working Paper, No. 20037, Washington D.C.
  • Jambor, A., and Babu, S. (2016). Competitiveness: Definitions, theories and measurement. Competitiveness of Global Agriculture, 25-45.
  • Jessop, B. (1992). Pathways to regionalism and industrial development. London: Routledge.
  • Kantzenbach, E. (1990). Competition policy in West Germany: A Comparison with the antitrust policy of the United States. London: Routledge.
  • Krugman, P. (1994). Competitiveness: A dangerous obsession. Foreign affairs, 73(2), 28-44.
  • Lewis, O. (1966). Culture of poverty. Scientific American, 215(4), 19-25.
  • Listra, E. (2015). The concept of competition and the objectives of competitors. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 25-30.
  • Mandel, E. (1998). Marksist ekonomi kuramına giriş (çev. Orhan Dilber, Şadi Ozansü, Bülent Tanatar, Osman S. Binatlı). Istanbul: Toplumsal Dönüşüm Publishing.
  • Marx, K. (2011). Ekonomi politik ve felsefe (çev. Kenan Somer). Ankara: Sol Publishing.
  • McGrath, R. G. (1999). Falling forward: Real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review, 24, 13-30.
  • McNulty, P. J. (1967). A note on the history of perfect competition. Journal of Political Economy, 75(4), 395-399.
  • Moalla, M. (2020). Mechanisms of Schumpeterian competition in Turkish manufacturing industries. Mersin University Journal of Social Sciences Institute e-Journal, 4(1), 121-135.
  • Overbeek, H. (2002). Neoliberalism and the regulation of global labor mobility. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 581 (May), 74-90
  • Özel, M. (1998). Küresel rekabet. Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Park, R. E. (2018). Competition and conflict. Istanbul: Pinhan Publishing.
  • Pirenne, H. (1972). Economic and social history of medieval Europe. U.K.: Routledge.
  • Polanyi, K. (2010). Büyük dönüşüm (çev. Ayşe Buğra). Ankara: İletişim Publishing.
  • Porter, M. E. (2011). Rekabet üzerine (çev. Kıvanç Tanrıyar) Istanbul: Optimist Publishing.
  • Rey, P. P. (1973). Les alliances des classes. Paris: F. Maspero Press.
  • Robinson, J. (1933). The Economics of imperfect competition. London: Macmillan.
  • Robinson, J. (1953). Imperfect competition revisited. Economic Journal, 63, 580-595.
  • Santagiustina, C. R. M. A. (2014), Competitive analysis vademecum: A report of class speech, debate, home readings and personal thoughts, Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259694450_Competitive_Analysis_Vademecum.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1954). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Serra, A. (2012). A short treatise on the causes that can make kingdoms abound in gold and silver even in the absence of mines. U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shatz, H. J. (2020). Economic competition in the 21st century, RAND corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR4100/RR4188/RAND_RR4188.pdf.
  • Smith, A. (1954). Milletlerin zenginliği (çev. Haldun Derin). Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Sosnick, S. H. (1968), Toward A concrete concept of effective competition. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50(4), 827-853.
  • Soule, G. (1978). Ekonominin ABC’si (çev. Nejat Muallimoğlu). Istanbul: Muhallimoğlu Yayınları.
  • Sraffa, P. (1926). The law of return under competitive conditions. Economic Journal, 36, 535-550.
  • Stewart, M. (1980). Keynes devrimi (çev. Asım Baltacıgil). Istanbul: Minnetoğlu Yayınları.
  • Stigler, G. J. (1957). Perfect competition, historically contemplated. Journal of Political Economy, 65, 1-17.
  • Taylor, W. F. (2008). The principles of scientific management. Stilwell: Digireads Publishing.
  • Thorton, M. (1947). Richard Cantillon and the discovery of opportunity cost. History of Political Economy, 39(1), 97-119.
  • Thurow, L. (1993). Head-to-head: The coming economic battle among Japan, Europe, and America. New York: Warner Books.
  • Tokatlıoğlu, İ. (1999). İktisadi analizde rekabet kavramının gelişimi. Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 10(33), 5-26.
  • Turan, H. (2015). Taylor’s “Scientific management principles”: Contemporary issues in personnel selection period. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(11), 1102-1105.
  • Türkkan, E. (2001). Rekabet teorisi ve endüstri iktisadı. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Yap, J. T. (2004), A note on the competitiveness debate, PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2004-39. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Makati City. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/127857/1/pids-dps2004-39.pdf.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economic Thought
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

Emre Demir 0000-0001-7881-9575

Early Pub Date October 2, 2025
Publication Date September 25, 2025
Submission Date February 16, 2025
Acceptance Date July 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 119

Cite

APA Demir, E. (2025). The Systematic Phases of Competition: A Historical and Theoretical Examination. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi(119), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1640858