The Relationship between Copper Tolerance and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vagococcus salmoninarum Isolated from Kılavuzlu Dam Lake

Abstract

The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals has been identified as a significant environmental hazard for aquatic animal species, including fish. The objective of this study was to investigate the tolerance of Vagococcus salmoninarum bacteria to copper and the impact of copper exposure on antibiotic susceptibility. The bacterial isolates, comprising six strains, were obtained from rainbow trout reared in cage culture at Kılavuzlu Dam Lake. The initial assessment of antibiotic susceptibility was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, which was subsequently validated through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The broth microdilution method was employed, with the bacterial isolates exposed to concentrations of copper sulphate ranging from 0.1 to 1 mM. The resistance to multiple antibiotics was altered to be significantly altered following exposure to copper sulphate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of copper was observed to be 0.4 mM against V. salmoninarum. It was noted that V. salmoninarum, which has been exposed to copper in its natural environment, has developed the capacity to withstand stress and has undergone a change in its physiological status.

Keywords

• Bacteria
• Vagococcus salmoninarum
• antibiotic resistance
• antibiotic susceptibility
• copper

Kılavuzlu Baraj Gölü’ndeki Alabalık İşletmelerinden İzole Edilen Vagococcus salmoninarum’da Bakır Toleransı ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Sucul ekosistemlerin ağır metallerle kirlenmesi, balıklar da dahil olmak üzere sucul hayvan türleri için önemli bir çevresel tehlike olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Vagococcus salmoninarum bakterisinin bakıra toleransını ve bakıra maruz kalmanın antibiyotik duyarlılığı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Altı suştan oluşan bakteri izolatları Kılavuzlu Baraj Gölü'nde kafes kültüründe yetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalıklarından elde edilmiştir. Antibiyotik duyarlılığının ilk değerlendirmesi Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmış ve daha sonra minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değeri belirlenerek doğrulanmıştır. Bakteri izolatları 0,1 ila 1 mM arasında değişen bakır sülfat konsantrasyonlarına maruz bırakılarak et suyu mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bakır sülfata maruz kalmanın ardından çoklu antibiyotik direncinin önemli ölçüde değiştiği bulunmuştur. Bakırın minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerinin V. salmoninarum'a karşı 0,4 mM olduğu gözlenmiştir. Doğal ortamında bakıra maruz kalan V. salmoninarum'un strese dayanma kapasitesi geliştirdiği ve fizyolojik durumunda bir değişiklik olduğu kaydedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakteri
• Vagococcus salmoninarum
• antibiyotik duyarlılık
• antibiyotik direnç
• bakır

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