Research Article

Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem

Number: 2 July 3, 2026
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Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem

Abstract

This study evaluated the reliability of different calcified structures used for age determination in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) inhabiting Sıddıklı Dam Lake. A total of 134 individuals were sampled monthly between September 2015 and August 2016. Age estimates were obtained from scales, vertebrae, asteriscus, lapillus, and operculum, and the reliability of these structures was compared using exact age agreement, agreement within ±1 year, average percent error (APE), and coefficient of variation (CV). Preliminary examinations indicated that all structures except the suboperculum were suitable for age determination. Repeated age readings revealed that individuals ranged between 0 and 8 years of age, with age classes 3 and 4 being dominant depending on the structure examined. Among all examined calcified structures, vertebrae provided the most reliable age estimates, with the highest exact agreement (77.5%), the highest agreement within ±1 year (93.05%), the lowest APE (3.86%), and the lowest CV (3.52%). Asteriscus and scales also demonstrated relatively high agreement and acceptable error levels, suggesting that they may serve as supportive structures in age determination. In contrast, lapillus and operculum showed lower agreement and higher error rates, indicating that caution should be exercised when using these structures for age estimation. The findings indicate that vertebrae are the most reliable calcified structure for age determination of C. carpio in this reservoir ecosystem.

Keywords

Thanks

The authors would like to thank fisherman Ali AYDEMİR for his valuable assistance during field sampling, and Mahmut YILMAZ and Okan YAZICIOĞLU for their support in laboratory procedures.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hydrobiology, Freshwater Ecology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 3, 2026

Submission Date

March 13, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 12, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2

APA
Eser, R., Yazıcı, R., & Eroğlu, M. (2026). Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 2, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1908953
AMA
1.Eser R, Yazıcı R, Eroğlu M. Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2026;(2):55-63. doi:10.17216/limnofish.1908953
Chicago
Eser, Ramazan, Ramazan Yazıcı, and Mücahit Eroğlu. 2026. “Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem”. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, nos. 2: 55-63. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1908953.
EndNote
Eser R, Yazıcı R, Eroğlu M (July 1, 2026) Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 2 55–63.
IEEE
[1]R. Eser, R. Yazıcı, and M. Eroğlu, “Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem”, Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, no. 2, pp. 55–63, July 2026, doi: 10.17216/limnofish.1908953.
ISNAD
Eser, Ramazan - Yazıcı, Ramazan - Eroğlu, Mücahit. “Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem”. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2 (July 1, 2026): 55-63. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1908953.
JAMA
1.Eser R, Yazıcı R, Eroğlu M. Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2026;:55–63.
MLA
Eser, Ramazan, et al. “Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem”. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 55-63, doi:10.17216/limnofish.1908953.
Vancouver
1.Ramazan Eser, Ramazan Yazıcı, Mücahit Eroğlu. Comparative Reliability of Bony Structures for Age Determination in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from a Reservoir Ecosystem. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2026 Jul. 1;(2):55-63. doi:10.17216/limnofish.1908953