Karabalık Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)’un Türkiye’deki Doğal ve Doğal Olmayan Dağılımı

Öz

Karabalık Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Güney Afrika, ve Orta Doğu’da geniş bir dağılım gösteren bir tatlısu türüdür. C. gariepinus, doğal göllerde, havuzlarda, akarsularda hem sığ hem de derin bölgelerde doğal yaşam alanlarına sahiptir. C. gariepinus’un Türkiye’deki doğal yayılım alanları Asi, Seyhan, Ceyhan ve Göksu nehirleridir. Daha sonraları bu türün DSI tarafından Aksu Nehri’ne aşılandığı rapor edilmiştir. Karabalık, Türkiye’de gerek avcılık gerekse yetiştiricilik açısından ekonomik bir değere sahiptir. Yetiştiricilik amaçlı Türkiye’nin kuzey bölgesine götürülen Karabalık Sakarya Nehri’nde (Eskişehir) zamanla doğal bir populasyon oluşturmuştur. C. gariepinus, çeşitlilik, bioması azaltarak makro omurgasız kommünitesi üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye neden olmaktadır. C. gariepinus’un mide içeriği incelendiğinde başlıca balık, Arthropoda ve Mollusca ile beslendiği, bitkisel materyalinde çok fazla tüketildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle C. gariepinus, giriş yaptığı göl, gölet ve nehirlerdeki yerli türlerle besin rekabetine girebilir ve bu da zamanla yerli balık popülasyonları üzerinde geri dönüşü olmayan değişikliklere ve türlerin kaybına neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki tatlısu kaynaklarında yaşayan C. gariepinus’un dağılımı ve yönetimi hakkında yapılmış olan çalışmalar, raporlar ve veriler değerlendirilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karabalık,Clarias gariepinus,dağılım,olumsuz etkiler

Natural and Non-natural distribution of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Turkey

Abstract

African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) is a widespread freshwater species found in the Middle East, and throughout Central and South Africa. C. gariepinus, inhabits natural lakes, fishponds, streams, and natural ponds in both deep and shallow waters. C. gariepinus is naturally found in the Asi, Seyhan, Ceyhan, Goksu Rivers. It was reported that C. gariepinus was translocated to the Aksu River by General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works. African catfish has increasing commercial importance in fisheries and aquaculture in Turkey. A recently introduced population of C. gariepinus has established in the Sakarya River (Eskişehir) due to aquaculture purposes in the north part of the Turkey. C. gariepinus introduction has negative effects on macro invertebrate community that was reflected by decrease in diversity, richness and biomass. There is also community-level impact of introduction that results variation in macro invertebrate composition in the rivers.  Stomach contents of C. gariepinus basically rely on Pisces, Arthropod, Mollusca and plant materials to a considerable extent. Therefore, introduction of C. gariepinus in dams, rivers and lakes can cause food competitions with native fish and make irreversible changes in the fish community and cause loses of native fish. The present paper reviews published literature, reports and working papers about distribution and management of C. gariepinus in Turkey’s reservoirs. 

Keywords

• African catfish,Clarias gariepinus,distribution,negative effects

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