Assessment of Water Quality in Brackish Lake Bafa (Muğla, Turkey) by Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Abstract

Lake Bafa is one of the biggest lake in the western part of Turkey. It has a great importance in terms of both historical and biodiversity. Lake Bafa which was fed by Büyük Menderes River has become an area where the pollutant factors carried by the river accumulated over time. In this context, the complex physicochemical characteristics of Lake Bafa were evaluated and water quality classes were determined in order to constitute a monitoring pattern. In this research, the water samples were taken monthly from eight different stations located in the Lake Bafa during the two years study period (2015-2017). Total of 22 water quality parameters including atmospheric pressure, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolution solids, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, sulphate total phosphorus and total nitrogen were investigated in water samples. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Pearson Correlation Analysis and compared with the limit values reported by various national and international organizations. According to the results PCA, three factors (PCA 1, PCA 2 and PCA 3) explained 79.05% of the total variance while CA results exhibited three statistically significant clusters. Overall the results suggested that Lake Bafa has been exposed to high amount of pollution and it is generally classified in “Class III-IV” water quality level based on both Klee’s method and Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation.

Keywords

• Bafa Lake,
• Physicochemical Parameters
• Water Quality

Tuzlu Su Özelliğine Sahip Bafa Gölü’nün (Muğla, Türkiye) Su Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Analizler Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bafa Gölü, Türkiye'nin batısındaki en büyük göllerden biridir. Hem tarihsel hem de biyolojik çeşitlilik açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Büyük Menderes Nehri tarafından beslenen Bafa Gölü, nehrin taşıdığı kirletici faktörlerin zamanla biriktiği bir alan haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda Bafa Gölü'nün karmaşık fizikokimyasal özellikleri değerlendirilmiş ve bir izleme modeli oluşturmak amacıyla su kalitesi sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmada, su örnekleri iki yıllık çalışma döneminde (2015-2017) Bafa Gölü'nde belirlenen sekiz farklı istasyondan aylık olarak alınmıştır. Su numunelerinde atmosfer basıncı, sıcaklık, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, toplam çözünüş katı madde, tuzluluk, bulanıklık, çözünmüş oksijen, oksijen doygunluğu, biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, amonyum, nitrat, nitrit, kalsiyum, sodyum, magnezyum, potasyum, klorür, sülfat, toplam fosfor ve toplam azot olmak üzere toplam 22 su kalite parametresi tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, Temel Bileşen Analizi (PCA), Kümeleme Analizi (CA) ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılarak istatistiki olarak değerlendirilmiş ve çeşitli ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından bildirilen limit değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. PCA sonuçlarına göre, üç faktör (PCA 1, PCA 2 and PCA 3) toplam varyansın %79,05'ini açıklarken CA sonuçlarıyla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı üç küme tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre, Bafa Gölü'nün yüksek miktarda kirliliğe maruz kaldığı ve Klee metodu ve Türkiye Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği’ne göre genel olarak “Sınıf III-IV” su kalitesinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Bafa Gölü
• fizikokimyasal parametreler
• su kalitesi

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