Farklı Trofik Duruma Sahip İki Sığ Gölde Rutilus rutilus ve Perca fluviatilis'in Yaz Mevsimi Sonundaki Mekansal Dağılımı Üzerine 15 Yıllık Bir Çalışma

Öz

Yapısal karmaşa ve bulanıklık (türbidite), balıkların habitat seçiminde önemli roller oynayabilmektedir. Kızılgöz balığı (Rutilus rutilus) ve tatlısu levreği (Perca fluviatilis) Avrupa’nın kuzey ılıman göllerinin baskın (dominant) türleridir. Bu türlerin görece önemi, genel olarak trofik seviyeye ve habitat karmaşıklığına bağlıdır. Kızılgöz ve tatlısu levreğinin, su berraklığı ve makrofit yayılımı sürekli değişen Væng gölü ile bulanık Søbygård gölündeki dağılımları 15 yıllık bir dönem boyunca çalışılmıştır. Örnekleme, her yıl aynı program takip edilerek, göllerin çeşitli kısımlarından, farklı göz açıklıklarına sahip galsama ağları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türler, Væng gölünün bulanık olduğu dönemde, Søbygård gölünde ise tüm çalışma sürecinde, göllerin tüm kısımlarında ve tüm habitatlarda eşit dağılmışlardır. Væng gölünün berrak döneminde ise kızılgöz ve tatlısu levreğinin dağılımları eşit değildir. Türlerin bolluğu, makrofit yayılımı ve yoğunluğu ile negatif korelasyon gösterirken, bu ilişkinin kuvvetinin türlere ve balık boylarına göre farklı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, çalışılan iki gölde, kızılgöz ve tatlısu levreğinin dağılımında, suyun berraklığı ve makrofit yoğunluğunun anahtar belirleyici faktörler olduğu bulunmuş, bu durumun diğer benzer kuzey-ılıman sığ göllerde de gözlenebileceği öngörülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kızılgöz balığı
• tatlısu levreği
• habitat dağılımı
• bulanıklık (türbidite)
• ötrofikasyon

A 15-year Study of the Spatial Distribution of Rutilus rutilus and Perca fluviatilis in Late Summer in Two Shallow Lakes With Contrasting Trophic State

Abstract

Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) are dominant species in northern-temperate lakes of Europe, their relative importance depending on trophic state and habitat complexity. We studied the habitat distribution of roach and perch over a 15-year period in two Danish lakes, Lake Væng, undergoing major changes in water clarity and macrophyte coverage, and the permanent turbid Lake Søbygård. We used multi-mesh sized gill nets in 5-6 different sections of the lakes following the same program in all years. Both species were evenly distributed in the sections and among habitats, in Lake Væng during the turbid period and in Lake Søbygård during the whole study period. During the clear-water period in Lake Væng, however, the distribution of roach and perch was uneven and the density negatively correlated with macrophyte coverage and density, but the strength of the relationship differed between the two species and between small (≤ 8 cm for roach and <10 cm for perch) and larger fish. Our results suggest that water clarity and macrophyte density were of key importance in determining roach and perch distribution in these two shallow lakes.

Keywords

• Roach
• perch
• habitat distribution
• turbidity
• eutrophication

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