Pre-service EFL teachers’ competencies for teaching young learners
Year 2024,
Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 131 - 145, 31.12.2024
Hilal Alten
,
Muge Karakaş
Abstract
This explanatory study aims to identify certain competencies that teachers need to possess for teaching young and very young learners from the perspective of Turkish pre-service EFL teachers who are conducting their practicum studies within the last year of the teacher training program. In this mixed-method research, a Likert-type 5-point scale, which was developed using the Delphi technique, including 29 terms measuring different competencies and related interview questions, was used to collect data. Turkish pre-service EFL teachers’ points of view have been evaluated according to the factors and variables in the scale to reveal whether they feel competent enough to teach English to young learners during their teaching practicum and to what extent they implement their theoretical knowledge into classes. Interview questions were addressed to the two of the participants regarding their choices and results of the quantitative data analysis in the next phase of the study. The results at the end of this explanatory research pointed out that some pre-service teachers may get challenged more while teaching young learners for certain reasons.
Ethical Statement
This research study was conducted with the Research Ethics Committee approval of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, dated 28.12.2023, and numbered E-84026528-050.99-2400002338.
References
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- Minalla, A. A. (2023). EFL learners’ engagement: Empowering EFL young learners to initiate speaking through personalizing meaningful EFL classroom activities. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 14(2), 410-415.
- Moon, J. (2005). Teaching English to young learners: the challenges and the benefits. In English! British Council, 30-34.
- Mudra, H. (2020). Digital literacy among young learners: how do EFL teachers and learners view its benefits and barriers?. Teaching English with Technology, 20(3), 3-24.
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- Nall, M. (2020). Supporting social and emotional learning in the EFL/ESL classroom: How the new science of child development can inform second language acquisition theory and practice. Journal of English Learner Education, 10(1), 1-11.
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- Setiyadi, A. B. (2020). Teaching English as a foreign language. Graha Ilmu.
- Taghizadeh, M., & Hasani Yourdshahi, Z. (2020). Integrating technology into young learners’ classes: Language teachers’ perceptions. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(8), 982-1006.
- Tarakçıoğlu, A., & Tunçarslan, H. (2014). The effect of short stories on teaching vocabulary to very young learners (aged 3-4-year): A suggested common syllabus. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(2), 0-84.
- Tavakol, M., & Tavakoli, M. (2023). Teaching English to young learners in private sector of Iranian ELT: Challenges and local realities. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 33(2), 105-131.
- Teng, F. (2020). The benefits of metacognitive reading strategy awareness instruction for young learners of English as a second language. Literacy, 54(1), 29-39.
- Toyon, M. A. S. (2021). Explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research: Phases and challenges. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 10(5), 253-260.
- Tran, S. Q. Đ., & Hua, V. T. T. (2023). An investigation of factors affecting English teaching for young learners of EFL students. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(3), 231-151.
- Uysal, N. D., & Yavuz, F. (2015). Teaching English to very young learners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 19-22.
- Uztosun, M. S. (2016). Pre-service and in-service English teachers’ efficacy beliefs about teaching English at primary schools. İlköğretim Online, 15(4).
- Uztosun, M. S. (2018). Professional competences to teach English at primary schools in Turkey: A Delphi study. European Journal of Teacher Education, 41(4), 549-565.
Year 2024,
Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 131 - 145, 31.12.2024
Hilal Alten
,
Muge Karakaş
References
- Astri, Z., Hs, N., Fachrunnisa, N., & Misnawati, M. (2023, May). Investigating the influence of the TPR method on the development of English vocabulary in small classrooms. In 20th AsiaTEFL-68th TEFLIN-5th INELTAL Conference (ASIATEFL 2022) (pp. 771-781). Atlantis Press.
- Bakhsh, S. A. (2016). Using games as a tool in teaching vocabulary to young learners. English Language Teaching, 9(7), 120-128.
- Berdiyeva, S. (2024). Teaching young learners through the use of the CLIL method. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 473–480.
- Birgili, B., & Demir, Ö. (2022). An explanatory sequential mixed-method research on the full-scale implementation of flipped learning in the first years of the world’s first fully flipped university: Departmental differences. Computers & Education, 176, 104352.
- Bowen, P. W., Rose, R., & Pilkington, A. (2017). Mixed methods—theory and practice. Sequential, explanatory approach. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, 5(2), 10-27.
- Copland, F., Garton, S., & Burns, A. (2014). Challenges in teaching English to young learners: Global perspectives and local realities. TESOL Quarterly, 48(4), 738-762.
- De-Juanas Oliva, Á., Martín del Pozo, R., & Pesquero Franco, E. (2016). Teaching competences necessary for developing key competences of primary education students in Spain: teacher assessments. Teacher Development, 20(1), 123–145.
- Dierking, L. (1991). Learning theory and learning styles: An overview. The Journal of Museum Education, 16(1), 4-6.
- Ellis, G. (2014). ‘Young learners’: clarifying our terms. ELT Journal, 68(1), 75-78.
- Fenyvesi, K. (2020). English learning motivation of young learners in Danish primary schools. Language Teaching Research, 24(5), 690-713.
- Garton, S. (2014). Unresolved issues and new challenges in teaching English to young learners: The case of South Korea. Current Issues in Language Planning, 15(2), 201-219.
- Hashemi, M., & Azizinezhad, M. (2011). Teaching English to children: A unique, challenging experience for teachers, effective teaching ideas. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2083-2087.
- Khorasganı, A. T., & Khanehgır, M. (2017). Teaching new vocabulary to Iranian young FL learners: using two methods total physical response and keyword method. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 5(1), 90-100.
- Khulel, B., & Wibowo, H. (2021). Teaching English for young learners in rustic area: Teachers’ challenges. Lingua, 17(2), 115-130.
- Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical teacher, 42(8), 846-854.
- Kimsesiz, F., & Konca, M. Y. (2023). Teaching EFL vocabulary to young learners at the preschool level through PBL. In A. Kabadayi (Ed.), Unpackaging Theory & Practice in Educational Sciences (pp. 37-56). Livre de Lyon.
- Kömür, Ş. (2010). Teaching knowledge and teacher competencies: A case study of Turkish pre-service English teachers. Teaching Education, 21(3), 279-296.
- Minalla, A. A. (2023). EFL learners’ engagement: Empowering EFL young learners to initiate speaking through personalizing meaningful EFL classroom activities. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 14(2), 410-415.
- Moon, J. (2005). Teaching English to young learners: the challenges and the benefits. In English! British Council, 30-34.
- Mudra, H. (2020). Digital literacy among young learners: how do EFL teachers and learners view its benefits and barriers?. Teaching English with Technology, 20(3), 3-24.
- Muller, F. H., & Louw, J. (2004). Learning environment, motivation and interest: Perspectives on self-determination theory. South African Journal of Psychology, 34(2), 169-190.
- Nall, M. (2020). Supporting social and emotional learning in the EFL/ESL classroom: How the new science of child development can inform second language acquisition theory and practice. Journal of English Learner Education, 10(1), 1-11.
- Oktavia, D., Mukminin, A., Marzulina, L., Harto, K., Erlina, D., & Holandyah, M. (2022). Challenges and strategies used by English teachers in teaching English language skills to young learners. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(2), 382-387.
- Pinter, A. (2012). Teaching young learners. In J. Richards & A. Burns (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to pedagogy and practice in second language teaching (pp. 103–119). Cambridge University Press.
- Privitera, G. J., & Ahlgrim-Delzell, L. (2018). Research methods for education. Sage Publications.
- Putri, H. S. K., & Nurjati, N. (2023). The teachers’ challenges of teaching speaking for young learners: A case study at English First (EF). Journal on Education, 6(1), 831-840.
- Seven, M. A. (2020). Motivation in language learning and teaching. African Educational Research Journal, 8, 62-71.
- Setiyadi, A. B. (2020). Teaching English as a foreign language. Graha Ilmu.
- Taghizadeh, M., & Hasani Yourdshahi, Z. (2020). Integrating technology into young learners’ classes: Language teachers’ perceptions. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(8), 982-1006.
- Tarakçıoğlu, A., & Tunçarslan, H. (2014). The effect of short stories on teaching vocabulary to very young learners (aged 3-4-year): A suggested common syllabus. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(2), 0-84.
- Tavakol, M., & Tavakoli, M. (2023). Teaching English to young learners in private sector of Iranian ELT: Challenges and local realities. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 33(2), 105-131.
- Teng, F. (2020). The benefits of metacognitive reading strategy awareness instruction for young learners of English as a second language. Literacy, 54(1), 29-39.
- Toyon, M. A. S. (2021). Explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research: Phases and challenges. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 10(5), 253-260.
- Tran, S. Q. Đ., & Hua, V. T. T. (2023). An investigation of factors affecting English teaching for young learners of EFL students. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(3), 231-151.
- Uysal, N. D., & Yavuz, F. (2015). Teaching English to very young learners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 19-22.
- Uztosun, M. S. (2016). Pre-service and in-service English teachers’ efficacy beliefs about teaching English at primary schools. İlköğretim Online, 15(4).
- Uztosun, M. S. (2018). Professional competences to teach English at primary schools in Turkey: A Delphi study. European Journal of Teacher Education, 41(4), 549-565.