Research Article
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Delving into the world of Turkish 9th grade EFL students in a flipped classroom context: Analyzing perceptions and experiences

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 231 - 258, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.47216/literacytrek.1584102

Abstract

Flipped classroom, which combines online and face-to-face learning, is an innovative model. This study examined the 9th grade Turkish students' experiences learning English in a flipped classroom. Nineteen students from a high school in İzmir participated in the study. An intrinsic case study was employed as a qualitative research design to investigate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom from the viewpoint of 9th grade EFL students. Data were collected through student journals, teacher journals, and focus group interviews. The data collected was analyzed by using thematic analysis.
The results showed that the flipped classroom model enhanced the students' language skills, especially in speaking, and encouraged active participation, motivation, and collaboration. Most of the students found the model more time-efficient compared to traditional classrooms. Furthermore, the students valued the flexibility of learning at their own pace but reported challenges such as adapting to the model, inadequate preparation, and internet connectivity issues.

Ethical Statement

This research study was conducted with the Research Ethics Committee approval of Dokuz Eylül University, dated 19.07.2022 and numbered E-87347630-659-315316

Thanks

This study is part of a master’s thesis completed under the supervision of Assistant. Prof. Dr. Gülşah Külekçi in the English Language Teaching Program at İzmir Dokuz Eylül University.

References

  • Akçor, G. (2018). Exploring the perceptions of pre-service English language teachers of flipped classroom [Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. Hacettepe University. Turkiye.
  • Ayçiçek, B., & Yanpar-Yelken, T. (2018). The effect of flipped classroom model on students’ classroom engagement in teaching English. International Journal of Instruction, 11(2), 385-398. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11226a
  • Baker, J. W. (2000). The “Classroom Flip”: Using web course management tools to become the guide by the side. In J. A. Chambers (Ed.), Selected papers from the 11th International Conference on College Teaching and Learning (pp. 9-17). Jacksonville, Florida, USA. Available at https://upcea.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Classroom-Flip-Baker.pdf
  • Başal, A. (2015). The implementation of a flipped classroom in foreign language teaching. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 16(4), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.72185
  • Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. International Society for Technology in Education.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol 2. Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57–71). American Psychological Association.
  • Brown, H. D. (2014). Principles of language learning and teaching. Pearson Education ESL.
  • Chen Hsieh, J. S., Wu, W. C., & Marek, M. W. (2017). Using the flipped classroom to enhance EFL learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(1–2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2015.1111910
  • Chou, I. C. (2020). Implementing the flipped approach in an English-medium-instruction educational psychology course: Student learning outcome and perception. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 8(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.8n.4p.1
  • Croker, R. A. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. In J. Heigham & R. A. Croker (Eds.), Qualitative research in applied linguistics (pp. 3-24). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239517_1
  • Çavdar, O. E. (2018). Integrating flipped classroom approach into traditional English class. [Unpublished MA Thesis]. Karadeniz Technical University, Turkiye. Available at http://acikerisim.ktu.edu.tr/jspui/handle/123456789/2222
  • Demirtaş, Z., & Erdem, S. (2015). 5. sınıf İngilizce dersi öğretim programı: Güncellenen programın bir önceki programla karşılaştırılması ve programa ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 5(2), 55-80. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.59904
  • Dinçer, A., & Koç, H. K. (2020). The implementation of an intensive English language program in the fifth grade in Turkey: A qualitative evaluation. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.532955
  • Farrah, M., & Qawasmeh, A. (2018). English students’ attitudes towards using flipped classrooms in language learning at Hebron University. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 6(2), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.30486/relp.2018.542708
  • Feryok, A. (2017). Sociocultural theory and task-based language teaching: The role of praxis. TESOL Quarterly, 51(3), 716–727. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.390 Gagnon, G.W., & Collay, M. (2005). Constructivist learning design: Key questions for teaching to standards. Corwin Press.
  • Gruba, P. (2004). Designing tasks for online collaborative language learning. Prospect, 19(2), 72-81.
  • Gürel, E., & Demirhan-İşcan, C. (2020). Reviewing the 9th grade English curriculum with stake’s responsive evaluation model according to teachers opinions. Çukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 49(1), 501-554. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.623396
  • Han, Y.J. (2015). Successfully flipping the ESL classroom for learner autonomy. NYS TESOL Journal, 2(1), 98–109. Available at http://journal.nystesol.org/jan2015/Han_98-109_NYSTJ_Vol2Iss1_Jan2015.pdf
  • Han, H., Røkenes, F. M., & Krumsvik, R. J. (2023). Student teachers’ perceptions of flipped classroom in EFL teacher education. Education and Information Technologies, 29(2), 1539–1558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11839-w
  • Hao, Y. (2016). Middle school students' flipped learning readiness in foreign language classrooms: Exploring its relationship with personal characteristics and individual circumstances. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.031
  • Heigham, J., & Croker, R. (2009). Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction. Springer.
  • Hung, H. T. (2015). Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster active learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.967701
  • Kırkgöz, Y. (2009). Globalization and English language policy in Turkey. Educational Policy, 23(5), 663-684. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904808316319
  • Kırmızı, O., & Kömeç, F. (2020). Secondary school EFL students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom in terms of autonomy, language skills, technological attitudes, and motivation. Universitepark Bulletin, 9(2), 129-155. https://doi.org/10.22521/unibulletin.2020.92.5
  • Köroğlu, Z. C., & Çakir, A. (2017). Implementation of flipped instruction in language classrooms: An alternative way to develop speaking skills of pre-service English language teachers. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 13(2), 42-55. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1153321.pdf
  • Krueger, R.A., & Casey, M.A. (2000). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. (3rd ed.). Sage. Li, Z., & Zhou, X. (2021). Flipping a virtual EFL public speaking class integrated with MOOCs during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 3(1), 178-195. https://doi.org/10.46451/ijts.2021.03.05
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
  • Ma, W., & Luo, Q. (2022). Pedagogical practice and students’ perceptions of fully online flipped instruction during COVID-19. Oxford Review of Education, 48(3), 400–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2021.1994382
  • Mehring, J. (2016). Present research on the flipped classroom and potential tools for the EFL classroom, Computers in the Schools, 33(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2016.1139912
  • Ministry of National Education. (2018). The curriculum of the Ministry of National Education's Board of Education and Discipline for high school English courses (9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades). Available at https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/ProgramDetay.aspx?PID=342
  • Murdock, J.L., & Williams, A.M. (2011). Creating an online learning community: Is it possible? Innovative Higher Education, 36(5), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-011-9188-6
  • Nguyen, T. (2018). Implementation of English flipped classrooms: Students’ perceptions and teacher’s reflection. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 7(3), 87-108. https://doi:10.5861/ijrsll.2017.1876
  • Özkurkudis, M. J., & Bümen, N. T. (2019). Flipping the writing classroom: Using grammar videos to enhance writing. Journal of Education and Future, 15, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.42563
  • Özmat, D., & Senemoğlu, N. (2021). Difficulties in learning English by EFL students in Turkey. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 54(1), 141-173. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.742803
  • Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., Abdullah, N. A., Kakudi, H. A., Ali, A. S., Musa, A. S., & Yahaya, A. S. (2020). Self-regulated learning in flipped classrooms: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(11), 848–853. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.11.1469
  • Reidsema, C., Kavanagh, L., Hadgraft, R., & Smith, N. (2017). The flipped classroom: Practice and practices in higher education. Springer.
  • Shahani, S., Chalak, A., & Tabrizi, H. H. (2021). The Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ attitudes toward using flipped teaching via Google Classroom. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 9(1), 90-112. https://doi.org/10.30486/relp.2020.1880561.1159
  • Shih, H. J., & Huang, S. C. (2020). College students’ metacognitive strategy use in an EFL flipped classroom. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(7), 755–784. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1590420
  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage.
  • Şensöz, M. Z., & Erdemir, N. (2022). A Systematic review of graduate studies on flipped classrooms in English language teaching in Turkey. ELT Research Journal, 11(1), 1- 15.
  • Thorne, S.L., Black, R., & Sykes, J. (2009). Second language use, socialization, and learning in internet interest communities and online gaming. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 802 - 821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00974.x
  • Tucker, B. (2012). The Flipped Classroom: Online instruction at home frees class time for learning. Education Next, 12(1), 82-83.
  • Turan, Z., & Akdag-Cimen, B. (2020). Flipped classroom in English language teaching: a systematic review. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(5–6), 590–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1584117
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1981). The genesis of higher-order mental function. In J. V. Werstch (Ed.), The concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 144-199). Sharpe.
  • Webb, M., & Doman, E. (2020). Impacts of flipped classrooms on learner attitudes towards technology-enhanced language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(3), 240–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1557692
  • Yakob, S., Jawawi, R., Shahrill, M., & Jaidin, J. H. (2023). The Effects of Flipped Classroom in English Language Communicative Skills. International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education, 2(2), 88–127. https://doi.org/10.36312/ijece.v2i2.1394
  • Ye, X. (2022). Insiders’ perceptions of the flipped classroom approach in Chinese EFL junior secondary schools. Education 3-13, 51(6), 988–1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2033293
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage.
  • Zainuddin, Z., & Perera, C. J. (2019). Exploring students’ competence, autonomy and relatedness in the flipped classroom pedagogical model. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1356916
Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 231 - 258, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.47216/literacytrek.1584102

Abstract

References

  • Akçor, G. (2018). Exploring the perceptions of pre-service English language teachers of flipped classroom [Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. Hacettepe University. Turkiye.
  • Ayçiçek, B., & Yanpar-Yelken, T. (2018). The effect of flipped classroom model on students’ classroom engagement in teaching English. International Journal of Instruction, 11(2), 385-398. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11226a
  • Baker, J. W. (2000). The “Classroom Flip”: Using web course management tools to become the guide by the side. In J. A. Chambers (Ed.), Selected papers from the 11th International Conference on College Teaching and Learning (pp. 9-17). Jacksonville, Florida, USA. Available at https://upcea.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-Classroom-Flip-Baker.pdf
  • Başal, A. (2015). The implementation of a flipped classroom in foreign language teaching. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 16(4), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.72185
  • Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. International Society for Technology in Education.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol 2. Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57–71). American Psychological Association.
  • Brown, H. D. (2014). Principles of language learning and teaching. Pearson Education ESL.
  • Chen Hsieh, J. S., Wu, W. C., & Marek, M. W. (2017). Using the flipped classroom to enhance EFL learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(1–2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2015.1111910
  • Chou, I. C. (2020). Implementing the flipped approach in an English-medium-instruction educational psychology course: Student learning outcome and perception. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 8(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.8n.4p.1
  • Croker, R. A. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. In J. Heigham & R. A. Croker (Eds.), Qualitative research in applied linguistics (pp. 3-24). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239517_1
  • Çavdar, O. E. (2018). Integrating flipped classroom approach into traditional English class. [Unpublished MA Thesis]. Karadeniz Technical University, Turkiye. Available at http://acikerisim.ktu.edu.tr/jspui/handle/123456789/2222
  • Demirtaş, Z., & Erdem, S. (2015). 5. sınıf İngilizce dersi öğretim programı: Güncellenen programın bir önceki programla karşılaştırılması ve programa ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 5(2), 55-80. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.59904
  • Dinçer, A., & Koç, H. K. (2020). The implementation of an intensive English language program in the fifth grade in Turkey: A qualitative evaluation. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.532955
  • Farrah, M., & Qawasmeh, A. (2018). English students’ attitudes towards using flipped classrooms in language learning at Hebron University. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 6(2), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.30486/relp.2018.542708
  • Feryok, A. (2017). Sociocultural theory and task-based language teaching: The role of praxis. TESOL Quarterly, 51(3), 716–727. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.390 Gagnon, G.W., & Collay, M. (2005). Constructivist learning design: Key questions for teaching to standards. Corwin Press.
  • Gruba, P. (2004). Designing tasks for online collaborative language learning. Prospect, 19(2), 72-81.
  • Gürel, E., & Demirhan-İşcan, C. (2020). Reviewing the 9th grade English curriculum with stake’s responsive evaluation model according to teachers opinions. Çukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 49(1), 501-554. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.623396
  • Han, Y.J. (2015). Successfully flipping the ESL classroom for learner autonomy. NYS TESOL Journal, 2(1), 98–109. Available at http://journal.nystesol.org/jan2015/Han_98-109_NYSTJ_Vol2Iss1_Jan2015.pdf
  • Han, H., Røkenes, F. M., & Krumsvik, R. J. (2023). Student teachers’ perceptions of flipped classroom in EFL teacher education. Education and Information Technologies, 29(2), 1539–1558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11839-w
  • Hao, Y. (2016). Middle school students' flipped learning readiness in foreign language classrooms: Exploring its relationship with personal characteristics and individual circumstances. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.031
  • Heigham, J., & Croker, R. (2009). Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction. Springer.
  • Hung, H. T. (2015). Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster active learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.967701
  • Kırkgöz, Y. (2009). Globalization and English language policy in Turkey. Educational Policy, 23(5), 663-684. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904808316319
  • Kırmızı, O., & Kömeç, F. (2020). Secondary school EFL students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom in terms of autonomy, language skills, technological attitudes, and motivation. Universitepark Bulletin, 9(2), 129-155. https://doi.org/10.22521/unibulletin.2020.92.5
  • Köroğlu, Z. C., & Çakir, A. (2017). Implementation of flipped instruction in language classrooms: An alternative way to develop speaking skills of pre-service English language teachers. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 13(2), 42-55. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1153321.pdf
  • Krueger, R.A., & Casey, M.A. (2000). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. (3rd ed.). Sage. Li, Z., & Zhou, X. (2021). Flipping a virtual EFL public speaking class integrated with MOOCs during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 3(1), 178-195. https://doi.org/10.46451/ijts.2021.03.05
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
  • Ma, W., & Luo, Q. (2022). Pedagogical practice and students’ perceptions of fully online flipped instruction during COVID-19. Oxford Review of Education, 48(3), 400–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2021.1994382
  • Mehring, J. (2016). Present research on the flipped classroom and potential tools for the EFL classroom, Computers in the Schools, 33(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2016.1139912
  • Ministry of National Education. (2018). The curriculum of the Ministry of National Education's Board of Education and Discipline for high school English courses (9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades). Available at https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/ProgramDetay.aspx?PID=342
  • Murdock, J.L., & Williams, A.M. (2011). Creating an online learning community: Is it possible? Innovative Higher Education, 36(5), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-011-9188-6
  • Nguyen, T. (2018). Implementation of English flipped classrooms: Students’ perceptions and teacher’s reflection. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 7(3), 87-108. https://doi:10.5861/ijrsll.2017.1876
  • Özkurkudis, M. J., & Bümen, N. T. (2019). Flipping the writing classroom: Using grammar videos to enhance writing. Journal of Education and Future, 15, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.42563
  • Özmat, D., & Senemoğlu, N. (2021). Difficulties in learning English by EFL students in Turkey. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 54(1), 141-173. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.742803
  • Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., Abdullah, N. A., Kakudi, H. A., Ali, A. S., Musa, A. S., & Yahaya, A. S. (2020). Self-regulated learning in flipped classrooms: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(11), 848–853. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.11.1469
  • Reidsema, C., Kavanagh, L., Hadgraft, R., & Smith, N. (2017). The flipped classroom: Practice and practices in higher education. Springer.
  • Shahani, S., Chalak, A., & Tabrizi, H. H. (2021). The Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ attitudes toward using flipped teaching via Google Classroom. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 9(1), 90-112. https://doi.org/10.30486/relp.2020.1880561.1159
  • Shih, H. J., & Huang, S. C. (2020). College students’ metacognitive strategy use in an EFL flipped classroom. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(7), 755–784. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1590420
  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage.
  • Şensöz, M. Z., & Erdemir, N. (2022). A Systematic review of graduate studies on flipped classrooms in English language teaching in Turkey. ELT Research Journal, 11(1), 1- 15.
  • Thorne, S.L., Black, R., & Sykes, J. (2009). Second language use, socialization, and learning in internet interest communities and online gaming. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 802 - 821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00974.x
  • Tucker, B. (2012). The Flipped Classroom: Online instruction at home frees class time for learning. Education Next, 12(1), 82-83.
  • Turan, Z., & Akdag-Cimen, B. (2020). Flipped classroom in English language teaching: a systematic review. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(5–6), 590–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1584117
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1981). The genesis of higher-order mental function. In J. V. Werstch (Ed.), The concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 144-199). Sharpe.
  • Webb, M., & Doman, E. (2020). Impacts of flipped classrooms on learner attitudes towards technology-enhanced language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(3), 240–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1557692
  • Yakob, S., Jawawi, R., Shahrill, M., & Jaidin, J. H. (2023). The Effects of Flipped Classroom in English Language Communicative Skills. International Journal of Essential Competencies in Education, 2(2), 88–127. https://doi.org/10.36312/ijece.v2i2.1394
  • Ye, X. (2022). Insiders’ perceptions of the flipped classroom approach in Chinese EFL junior secondary schools. Education 3-13, 51(6), 988–1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2033293
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage.
  • Zainuddin, Z., & Perera, C. J. (2019). Exploring students’ competence, autonomy and relatedness in the flipped classroom pedagogical model. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1356916
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects English As A Second Language, Language Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gülşah Külekçi 0000-0002-1521-1826

Nermin Yıldız Yüksel 0000-0001-7608-4501

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date November 13, 2024
Acceptance Date December 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Külekçi, G., & Yıldız Yüksel, N. (2024). Delving into the world of Turkish 9th grade EFL students in a flipped classroom context: Analyzing perceptions and experiences. The Literacy Trek, 10(2), 231-258. https://doi.org/10.47216/literacytrek.1584102

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