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Doğu Akdeniz’de Süregelen Deniz Alanı Uyuşmazlıkları ve Meis Adası’nın Rolü

Year 2025, Issue: 29, 25 - 44, 15.01.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Doğu Akdeniz çevresinde gelişen deniz alanları ile ilgili anlaşmazlıklar Yunanistan, Türkiye, Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi (GKRY) ve Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) perspektiflerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Deniz yetki alanlarının sınırlandırılmasında uygulanacak kurallara ilişkin anlaşmazlıklar, devletlerin deniz kaynaklarını daha fazla kullanma isteğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Uluslararası hukuk, deniz alanlarına, özellikle de coğrafi kısıtlamalara sahip deniz alanlarına ilişkin uyuşmazlıkların, “hakkaniyet ilkeleri” çerçevesinde müzakere ve anlaşmalar yoluyla çözülmesini öngörmektedir. Şüphesiz ki, deniz yetki alanları konusunda devletlerin çatışan iddiaları ve sınırlandırma kurallarının yine devletler tarafından farklı yorumlanması, Türkiye, Yunanistan, GKRY ve KKTC arasında yıllardır devam eden anlaşmazlıklara yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Devletlerin karşılıklı güç gösterileri nedeniyle bölgede güncel olarak yüksek gerilim yaşanmaktadır. Makale, adaların deniz alanı haklarına ilişkin uluslararası yargı kararlarını inceleyerek bölgedeki olası askeri çatışmaların önlenmesi için kapsamlı ve adil bir çözüme duyulan ihtiyacın altını çizmektedir.

References

  • Açıkgönül YE, “Nikaragua/Kolombiya Kararı Işığında Doğu Akdeniz’deki Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Sınırlandırılması” (2014) 6 Ortadoğu Analiz Dergisi 68
  • Ak G, “Meis, Karaada, ve Fener Adası’nın Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Yetki Alanları Sorununa Muhtemel Etkileri” (2015) 11 Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 123
  • Algür B, “Kıbrıs ve Doğu Akdeniz’deki Son Uluslararası Gelişmeler Işığında Değişen Türkiye, ABD ve NATO Politikalar” (2020) 2 Anadolu Strateji Dergisi 55
  • Avar Y and Lin YC, “Aegean Disputes Between Turkey and Greece: Turkish and Greek Claims and Motivations in the Framework of Legal and Political Perspectives” (2019) 1 International Journal of Politics and Security 57
  • Cole C, “St. Pierre and Miquelon Maritime Boundary Case and the Relevance of Ancient Treaties” (1994) 31 Canadian Yearbook of International Law/Annuaire Canadien De Droit International 265
  • Demetris P, “Fresh Challenge by Turkey to the Sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus and Greece” (2016) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2016-007740_EN.html> accessed November 2, 2023
  • Dixon M, Textbook on International Law (Oxford University Press 2013)
  • Erçakıca M, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Yaşanan Güncel Gelişmelerin Kıbrıs Sorunu ve Uluslararası Deniz Hukuku Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi” (2021) 16 Erciyes Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 301
  • Euronews, “AB’den ‘Sevilla Haritası’ Açıklaması: Böyle Bir Harita Hazırlatmadık” (September 4, 2020) <https://tr.euronews.com/2020/09/04/ab-den-sevilla-haritas-ac-klamas-boyle-bir-harita-haz-rlatmad-k> accessed November 6, 2023
  • European Council, “Unauthorised Drilling Activities in the Eastern Mediterranean: Council Prolongs Restrictive Measures” <https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/11/09/unauthorised-drilling-activities-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-council-prolongs-restrictive-measures> accessed November 3, 2023
  • Fahmy W, “The Conundrum of Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Greece-Egypt Agreement in the Face of Turkey-Libya Agreement” (2020) 3 Pro Justitia 109
  • Gavouneli M, “Whose Sea? A Greek International Law Perspective on the Greek-Turkish Disputes” <https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/whose-sea-greek-international-law-perspective-greek-turkish-disputes,> accessed November 3, 2023
  • Goldman M, “Turkey, Cyprus, and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (SSRN, May 18, 2016) <https://ssrn.com/abstract=2781735> accessed November 7, 2023
  • Grigoriadis IN, “Eastern Mediterranean in Uncharted Waters” (Michaël Tanchum ed, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung 2021)
  • Gürdeniz C, “The Map of Seville and the Plot to Cut Turkey off from the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas” United World International (September 17, 2020) <https://uwidata.com/13877-the-map-of-seville-and-the-plot-to-cut-turkey-off-from-the-aegean-and-mediterranean-seas/> accessed November 6, 2023
  • Hava HT, “Doğu Akdeniz’deki Doğal Gaz Rezervlerinin Ekonomik ve Güvenlik Boyutuyla Türkiye Açısından Değerlendirmesi” (2020) 16 Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 675
  • Jares V, “The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles” (2009) 42 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 1265
  • Kırval L and Özkan A, “The Delimitation Dispute of the Maritime Jurisdiction Areas in the Eastern Mediterranean: Turkish Perspective Based on the Equitable Principles” (2021) 52 Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 85
  • Kuran S, Uluslararası Deniz Hukuku (Beta 2016) 267
  • Leanza U and Caracciolo MC, “The Exclusive Economic Zone” in David Attard (ed), The IMLI Manual on International Maritime Law Volume I: The Law of the Sea (Oxford University Press 2014)
  • Lee KB, “The Demise of Equitable Principles and the Rise of Relevant Circumstances in Maritime Boundary Delimitation” (PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh 2012) 2
  • Letter dated 18 March 2019 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the United Nations Secretary-General
  • Magnusson BM, The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles (Brill 2015) 18
  • North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v. Netherlands), I.C.J. Reports 1969, p.3, International Court of Justice (ICJ), 20 February 1969.
  • Okatan D, “Prof. Hüseyin Pazarcı: Akdeniz’de Durumumuz Çok Iyi Değil” (Artı Gerçek, September 13, 2020) <https://artigercek.com/haberler/prof-huseyin-pazarci-akdeniz-de-durumumuz-cok-iyi-degil> accessed November 5, 2023
  • Özdem BH, “Examination of the Overlapping Claims of Turkey and the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus on the Maritime Areas to the West of the Island of Cyprus” (2019) 77 İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 953
  • Pazarcı H, “Deniz Hukuku Işığında Doğu Akdeniz Meselesi Konulu Çevrimiçi Panel” <https://tv.yasar.edu.tr/deniz-hukuku-isiginda-dogu-akdeniz-meselesi-paneli> accessed November 8, 2023
  • Pazarcı H, Uluslararası Hukuk (20th edn, Turhan Kitabevi 2021) 294
  • Prescott V and Schofield C, The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2005) 47
  • Reports Of Internatıonal Arbitral Awards, Delimitation Of The Continental Shelf Between The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland, And The French Republic, Volume XVIII,1978, 56-58.
  • Schaller C, “Hardly Predictable and Yet an Equitable Solution: Delimitation by Judicial Process as an Option for Greece and Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean” (2022) 35 Leiden Journal of International Law 549
  • Treaty No. 5476. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece and Turkey and Cyprus.
  • Türkeş İ, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Uyuşmazlık Teşkil Eden Deniz Alanlarında Gerçekleştirilen Hidrokarbon ve Doğalgaz Çalışmalarının Kıbrıs Sorunu’na Yansıması Ile Soruna Getirdiği Yeni Dinamikler” (2020) 4 Euro Politika Dergisi 86
  • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982
  • Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties 1969
  • Yıldız E, “The Conflict Between Greece and Turkey in the Mediterranean Sea, (International Maritime Law Study) ” (2020) 36 Jurnal Hukum Unissula 126
  • Yılmaz EA, “Doğu Akdeniz’deki Gelişmeler Doğrultusunda Türk Dış Politikası’nın Dünü ve Bugünü” (2020) 12 Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 27
  • Yiallourides C, “Part I: Some Observations on the Agreement between Greece and Egypt on the Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone” <https://www.ejiltalk.org/18969-2/> accessed November 9, 2023

THE ONGOING MARITIME DISPUTES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND THE ROLE OF MEIS ISLAND

Year 2025, Issue: 29, 25 - 44, 15.01.2025

Abstract

In this study, the disputes related to the maritime areas developing around the Eastern Mediterranean are evaluated from the perspectives of Greece, Turkey, the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus (GCASC), and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). The conflicts over the rules to be applied for the delimitation of maritime zones arise from competing interests among states to use marine resources more. International law stipulates that disputes concerning maritime zones, especially in areas with geographical restrictions, should be resolved through negotiations and agreements within the framework of “equitable principles”. Undoubtedly, the conflicting claims of states over the maritime zones and the different interpretations of delimitation rules have added a new dimension to the disputes that have been ongoing for years between Turkey, Greece, the GCASC, and the TRNC. Due to mutual demonstrations of power by the states, the region is currently under high tension. The article examines the international judicial decisions related to islands’ maritime zone rights to highlight the need for a comprehensive and fair resolution to prevent potential military conflicts in the region.

References

  • Açıkgönül YE, “Nikaragua/Kolombiya Kararı Işığında Doğu Akdeniz’deki Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Sınırlandırılması” (2014) 6 Ortadoğu Analiz Dergisi 68
  • Ak G, “Meis, Karaada, ve Fener Adası’nın Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Yetki Alanları Sorununa Muhtemel Etkileri” (2015) 11 Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 123
  • Algür B, “Kıbrıs ve Doğu Akdeniz’deki Son Uluslararası Gelişmeler Işığında Değişen Türkiye, ABD ve NATO Politikalar” (2020) 2 Anadolu Strateji Dergisi 55
  • Avar Y and Lin YC, “Aegean Disputes Between Turkey and Greece: Turkish and Greek Claims and Motivations in the Framework of Legal and Political Perspectives” (2019) 1 International Journal of Politics and Security 57
  • Cole C, “St. Pierre and Miquelon Maritime Boundary Case and the Relevance of Ancient Treaties” (1994) 31 Canadian Yearbook of International Law/Annuaire Canadien De Droit International 265
  • Demetris P, “Fresh Challenge by Turkey to the Sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus and Greece” (2016) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2016-007740_EN.html> accessed November 2, 2023
  • Dixon M, Textbook on International Law (Oxford University Press 2013)
  • Erçakıca M, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Yaşanan Güncel Gelişmelerin Kıbrıs Sorunu ve Uluslararası Deniz Hukuku Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi” (2021) 16 Erciyes Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 301
  • Euronews, “AB’den ‘Sevilla Haritası’ Açıklaması: Böyle Bir Harita Hazırlatmadık” (September 4, 2020) <https://tr.euronews.com/2020/09/04/ab-den-sevilla-haritas-ac-klamas-boyle-bir-harita-haz-rlatmad-k> accessed November 6, 2023
  • European Council, “Unauthorised Drilling Activities in the Eastern Mediterranean: Council Prolongs Restrictive Measures” <https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/11/09/unauthorised-drilling-activities-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-council-prolongs-restrictive-measures> accessed November 3, 2023
  • Fahmy W, “The Conundrum of Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Greece-Egypt Agreement in the Face of Turkey-Libya Agreement” (2020) 3 Pro Justitia 109
  • Gavouneli M, “Whose Sea? A Greek International Law Perspective on the Greek-Turkish Disputes” <https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/whose-sea-greek-international-law-perspective-greek-turkish-disputes,> accessed November 3, 2023
  • Goldman M, “Turkey, Cyprus, and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (SSRN, May 18, 2016) <https://ssrn.com/abstract=2781735> accessed November 7, 2023
  • Grigoriadis IN, “Eastern Mediterranean in Uncharted Waters” (Michaël Tanchum ed, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung 2021)
  • Gürdeniz C, “The Map of Seville and the Plot to Cut Turkey off from the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas” United World International (September 17, 2020) <https://uwidata.com/13877-the-map-of-seville-and-the-plot-to-cut-turkey-off-from-the-aegean-and-mediterranean-seas/> accessed November 6, 2023
  • Hava HT, “Doğu Akdeniz’deki Doğal Gaz Rezervlerinin Ekonomik ve Güvenlik Boyutuyla Türkiye Açısından Değerlendirmesi” (2020) 16 Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 675
  • Jares V, “The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles” (2009) 42 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 1265
  • Kırval L and Özkan A, “The Delimitation Dispute of the Maritime Jurisdiction Areas in the Eastern Mediterranean: Turkish Perspective Based on the Equitable Principles” (2021) 52 Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 85
  • Kuran S, Uluslararası Deniz Hukuku (Beta 2016) 267
  • Leanza U and Caracciolo MC, “The Exclusive Economic Zone” in David Attard (ed), The IMLI Manual on International Maritime Law Volume I: The Law of the Sea (Oxford University Press 2014)
  • Lee KB, “The Demise of Equitable Principles and the Rise of Relevant Circumstances in Maritime Boundary Delimitation” (PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh 2012) 2
  • Letter dated 18 March 2019 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the United Nations Secretary-General
  • Magnusson BM, The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles (Brill 2015) 18
  • North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v. Netherlands), I.C.J. Reports 1969, p.3, International Court of Justice (ICJ), 20 February 1969.
  • Okatan D, “Prof. Hüseyin Pazarcı: Akdeniz’de Durumumuz Çok Iyi Değil” (Artı Gerçek, September 13, 2020) <https://artigercek.com/haberler/prof-huseyin-pazarci-akdeniz-de-durumumuz-cok-iyi-degil> accessed November 5, 2023
  • Özdem BH, “Examination of the Overlapping Claims of Turkey and the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus on the Maritime Areas to the West of the Island of Cyprus” (2019) 77 İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 953
  • Pazarcı H, “Deniz Hukuku Işığında Doğu Akdeniz Meselesi Konulu Çevrimiçi Panel” <https://tv.yasar.edu.tr/deniz-hukuku-isiginda-dogu-akdeniz-meselesi-paneli> accessed November 8, 2023
  • Pazarcı H, Uluslararası Hukuk (20th edn, Turhan Kitabevi 2021) 294
  • Prescott V and Schofield C, The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2005) 47
  • Reports Of Internatıonal Arbitral Awards, Delimitation Of The Continental Shelf Between The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland, And The French Republic, Volume XVIII,1978, 56-58.
  • Schaller C, “Hardly Predictable and Yet an Equitable Solution: Delimitation by Judicial Process as an Option for Greece and Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean” (2022) 35 Leiden Journal of International Law 549
  • Treaty No. 5476. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece and Turkey and Cyprus.
  • Türkeş İ, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Uyuşmazlık Teşkil Eden Deniz Alanlarında Gerçekleştirilen Hidrokarbon ve Doğalgaz Çalışmalarının Kıbrıs Sorunu’na Yansıması Ile Soruna Getirdiği Yeni Dinamikler” (2020) 4 Euro Politika Dergisi 86
  • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982
  • Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties 1969
  • Yıldız E, “The Conflict Between Greece and Turkey in the Mediterranean Sea, (International Maritime Law Study) ” (2020) 36 Jurnal Hukum Unissula 126
  • Yılmaz EA, “Doğu Akdeniz’deki Gelişmeler Doğrultusunda Türk Dış Politikası’nın Dünü ve Bugünü” (2020) 12 Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 27
  • Yiallourides C, “Part I: Some Observations on the Agreement between Greece and Egypt on the Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone” <https://www.ejiltalk.org/18969-2/> accessed November 9, 2023
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Merve Gertik 0000-0001-6158-8539

Early Pub Date January 14, 2025
Publication Date January 15, 2025
Submission Date June 10, 2024
Acceptance Date October 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 29

Cite

APA Gertik, M. (2025). THE ONGOING MARITIME DISPUTES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND THE ROLE OF MEIS ISLAND. Law and Justice Review(29), 25-44.