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Year 2021, Issue: 3, 53 - 76, 30.06.2021

Abstract

The aim of this study is to introduce the sculpture works of the ancient city of Heracleia Pontica (Karadeniz Ereğlisi) to the scientific world. Heracleia Pontica was a prominent city in Bithynia during the Ancient Period. No systematic and regular excavation has yet been conducted in the city. A total of eight sculptures found in the city up to this date were discovered entirely randomly and not through regular excavation in the ancient city, which are three portraits belonging to private persons, a head of the goddess Artemis (?), a herm of Dionysos (?), the lower half of a statuette of Cybele, a piece from a plinth and the support of a statue. These works are currently exhibited in the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum. The iconographic and stylistic analysis of these sculptures have dated them to the Roman Period. The quality and fine workmanship of these works denote a significant sculpturing activity in the ancient city.

References

  • Ainsworth 1842 W. F. Ainsworth, Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, Vol. I, London, 1842.
  • Akkaya 1994 T. Akkaya, Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Ereğlisi)’nin Tarihi Gelişimi ve Eski Eserleri, İstanbul, 1994.
  • Angelicoussis 1992 E. Angelicoussis, The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1992.
  • Ashmole 1919-1921 B. Ashmole, “The So-Called Sardanapalus”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 24, Supplement 1919-1921, 78-87.
  • Asgari 1978 N. Asgari, “Roman and Early Byzantine Marble Quarries of Proconnesus”, The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology. Vol. I, Ankara-İzmir, 23-30/IX/1973, Ed. E. Akurgal, Ankara, 1978, 467-480.
  • Aurenhammer 1990 M. Aurenhammer, Die Skulpturen von Ephesos: Bildwerke aus Stein Idealplastik I, Forschungen in Ephesos veröffentlicht vom Österreichischen Archäologischen Institut in Wien, Wien, 1990.
  • Bieber 1968 M. Bieber, The Statue of Cybele in the J.Paul Getty Museum, California, 1968.
  • Boardman 2014 J. Boardman, Yunan Heykeli. Geç Klasik Dönem, Trans. M. Peker, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Boatwright 2000 M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 2000.
  • Borè 1840 E. Borè, Correspondance et mèmoires d’un voyageur en Orient I, Prusias. Paris, 1840.
  • Budde-Nicholls 1964 L. Budde – R. Nicholls, A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge, Cambridge, 1964.
  • Burstein 1976 S. M. Burstein, Outpost of Hellenism: the emergence of Heraclea on the Black Sea, Los Angeles, 1976.
  • Claridge 1990 A. Claridge, “Ancient techniques of making joins in marble statuary”, Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 135-162.
  • Cremer 1992 M. Cremer, Hellenistische-römische Grabstelen im nordwestlichen Kleinasien. 2. Bithynien, Asia Minor Studien Band 4, Bonn, 1992.
  • Erichsen 1972 A. Erichsen, “Ein Hekate-Relief in Herakleia Pontike” Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens. Band I. Ed. F. K. Dörner, Wien, 1972, 47-49.
  • Fittschen-Zanker 1994 K. Fittschen - P. Zanker, Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom. Band I. Kaiser und Prinzenbildnisse, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1994.
  • Furtwängler 1964 A. Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, Chicago, 1964.
  • Gasparri 1964 a C. Gasparri, “Dionysos” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 414-514; II-2, 296-406.
  • Gasparri 1964 b C. Gasparri, “Bacchus” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 540-566; II-2, 428-455.
  • Hermary vd. 1986 A. Hermary – H. Cassimatis - R. Vollkommer, “Eros” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae III-1, 850-942; III-2, 609-668.
  • Hoepfner 1966 W. Hoepfner, Herakleia Pontike-Ereğli: ein Baugeschichtliche Untersuchung. Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens, Band II, Teil 1, Wien, 1966.
  • Hoff 2001 R. Hoff, “Die Plastik der Diadochenzeit” Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst III Hellenistische Plastik, Ed. P. C. Bol, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 2007, 1-40.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1966 J. İnan – E. Rosenbaum, Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor, London, 1966.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1979 J. İnan - E. Rosenbaum, Römische und Frühbyzantinische Porträtplastik aus der Türkei, Mainz an Rhein, 1979.
  • Johnson 1931 F. P. Johnson, Sculpture, 1896-1923. Corinth IX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.
  • Jones 1998 A. J. M. Jones, Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford, 1998.
  • Kaltsas 2002 N. Kaltsas, Sculpture in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Los Angeles, 2002.
  • Karageorghis-Vermeule 1966 V. Karageorghis - C. C. Vermeule, Sculptures from Salamis II. Nicosia- Cyprus: Nicosia Printing Works, 1966.
  • Kleiner 1992 D. E. Kleiner, Roman Sculpture, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992.
  • Koch 2001 G. Koch, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri, Trans. Z. İlkgelen, İstanbul, 2001.
  • Lunn 1963 B. Lunn, “On the Symbolism of severed animal heads: Some documens” Latomus, T. 22, Fasc. 2, Avril-Juin 1963, 252-260.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor. I-II, Princeton-New Jersey, 1950.
  • Memnon Memnon, Herakleia Pontike Tarihi, Trans. M. Arslan, İstanbul, 2007.
  • McDowall 1904 K. A. McDowall, “The So-Called Sardanapalus” Journal of Hellenistic Studies, Vol. XXIV, 254-259, 1904.
  • Naumann 1983 F. Naumann, Die Ikonographie der Kybele in der Phrygischen und der Griechischen Kunst, 28. Beih. Istanbuler Mitteilungen, Tübingen, 1983.
  • Özgan 1995 R. Özgan, Die Griechischen und Römischen Skulpturen aus Tralleis, Asia Minor Studien 15, Bonn: Habelt, 1995.
  • Özgan 1999 R. Özgan, Die Skulpturen von Stratonikeia, Asia Minor Studien, 32. Bonn:Habelt, 1999.
  • Özgan 2008 R. Özgan, “Einige Unbekannte Porträts aus dem 1. Jh. n. Chr. in der Türkei” Festschrift für Elmar Schwertheim zum 65. Geburtstag., Ed. E. Winter, Bonn, 2008, 503-512.
  • Öztürk-Sönmez 2011 B. Öztürk - İ. F. Sönmez, “New Inscriptions from the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum” Arkeoloji ve Sanat, Sayı: 137, Mayıs-Ağustos, 2011, 155-166.
  • Paribeni 1959 E. Paribeni, Catalogo delle Sculture di Cirene: Statue e rilievi di carattere religioso, Monografie di Archeologia Libica-V. Roma, 1959.
  • Perkins 1951 J. W. Perkins, “Tripolitania and the Marble Trade” The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 41, Parts 1-2, 1951, 89-104.
  • Pfuhl-Möbius 1977 E. Pfuhl - H. Möbius, Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 1977.
  • Ridgway 1984 B. S. Ridgway, Roman Copies of Greek Sculpture: The Problem of the Originals, Michigan, 1984.
  • Ridgway 1990 B. S. Ridgway, “Metal Attachments in Greek Marble Sculpture” Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 185-206.
  • Rizzo 1932 G. E. Rizzo, Prassitele, Roma, 1932.
  • Rose 1997 C. B. Rose, Dynastic Commemoration and Imperial Portraiture in the Julio-Claudian Period, Cambridge, 1997.
  • Rottiers 1829 C. Rottiers, Itiéraire de Tiflis a Constantinople, Bruxelles, 1829.
  • Shear 1935 T. L. Shear, “The Sculpture Found in 1933” Hesperia, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1935, 371-420.
  • Schorndorfer 1997 S. Schorndorfer, Öffentliche Bauten Hadrianischer Zeit in Kleinasien, Münster, 1997.
  • Schwertheim 1978 E. Schwertheim, “Denkmäler zur Meterverehrung in Bithynien und Mysien” Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens. Festschrift für Friedrich Karl Dörner zum 65. Geburtstag am 28. Februar 1976, Eds. S. Şahin - E. Schwertheim - J. Wagner, Bonn, 1978, 792-837.
  • Simon 1997 E. Simon, “Kybele” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII-1, 744-766; VIII-2, 506-518.
  • Sevin 2013 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Sezer 2016 S. S. Sezer, Prusias ad Hypium Antik Kenti Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Strabon Strabon, Geographika XII-XIII-XIV. Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası, Trans. A. Pekman, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Sturgeon 2004 M. C. Sturgeon, Sculpture the Assemblage from the Theater. Corinth. Vol. IX, Part, III. Princeton, New Jersey, 2004.
  • Şahin 1975 S. Şahin, “Das Grabmal des Pantomimen Krispos in Herakleia Pontike” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 18, 1975, 293-297.
  • Varner 2004 E. R. Varner, Multilation and Transformation Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture, Brill, 2004.
  • Vermaseren 1987 M. J. Vermaseren, Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. I. Asia Minor, Leiden, 1987.
  • Vermeule 1961 C. C. Vermeule III, “A Graeco-Portrait of the Third Century A.D. and the Graeco-Asiatic Tradition in Imperial Portraiture from Gallienus to Diocletian” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol.15, 1961, 3-22.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge, 1968.

Heracleia Pontica Antik Kenti’nden Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri

Year 2021, Issue: 3, 53 - 76, 30.06.2021

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Heracleia Pontica (Karadeniz Ereğlisi) antik kentinin heykeltıraşlık eserlerini bilim dünyasına tanıtmaktır. Heracleia Pontica, Antik Dönem’de Bithynia Bölgesi’nin önemli kentlerinden biri idi. Kentte henüz sistemli ve düzenli bir kazı çalışması yapılmamıştır. Günümüze kadar kentte bulunmuş olan toplam sekiz adet heykeltıraşlık eseri antik kentte yapılan düzenli bir kazı sonucunda değil tamamen tesadüfi biçimlerde bulunmuştur. Bu eserler; özel kişilere ait üç adet portre, Tanrıça başı: Artemis (?), Dionysos Herme’si (?), Kybele heykelciği gövde alt yarısı, plinthe parçası ve heykel desteğinden oluşmaktadır. Eserler, Karadeniz Ereğlisi Müzesi’nde sergilenmektedir. İkonografik ve stilistik analiz sonucunda eserler, Roma Dönemi’ne tarihlendirilmiştir. Kentte bulunmuş olan bu eserlerin nitelikleri ve kaliteli işçilikleri kentin önemli bir heykeltıraşlık aktivitesine sahip olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

References

  • Ainsworth 1842 W. F. Ainsworth, Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, Vol. I, London, 1842.
  • Akkaya 1994 T. Akkaya, Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Ereğlisi)’nin Tarihi Gelişimi ve Eski Eserleri, İstanbul, 1994.
  • Angelicoussis 1992 E. Angelicoussis, The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1992.
  • Ashmole 1919-1921 B. Ashmole, “The So-Called Sardanapalus”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 24, Supplement 1919-1921, 78-87.
  • Asgari 1978 N. Asgari, “Roman and Early Byzantine Marble Quarries of Proconnesus”, The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology. Vol. I, Ankara-İzmir, 23-30/IX/1973, Ed. E. Akurgal, Ankara, 1978, 467-480.
  • Aurenhammer 1990 M. Aurenhammer, Die Skulpturen von Ephesos: Bildwerke aus Stein Idealplastik I, Forschungen in Ephesos veröffentlicht vom Österreichischen Archäologischen Institut in Wien, Wien, 1990.
  • Bieber 1968 M. Bieber, The Statue of Cybele in the J.Paul Getty Museum, California, 1968.
  • Boardman 2014 J. Boardman, Yunan Heykeli. Geç Klasik Dönem, Trans. M. Peker, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Boatwright 2000 M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 2000.
  • Borè 1840 E. Borè, Correspondance et mèmoires d’un voyageur en Orient I, Prusias. Paris, 1840.
  • Budde-Nicholls 1964 L. Budde – R. Nicholls, A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge, Cambridge, 1964.
  • Burstein 1976 S. M. Burstein, Outpost of Hellenism: the emergence of Heraclea on the Black Sea, Los Angeles, 1976.
  • Claridge 1990 A. Claridge, “Ancient techniques of making joins in marble statuary”, Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 135-162.
  • Cremer 1992 M. Cremer, Hellenistische-römische Grabstelen im nordwestlichen Kleinasien. 2. Bithynien, Asia Minor Studien Band 4, Bonn, 1992.
  • Erichsen 1972 A. Erichsen, “Ein Hekate-Relief in Herakleia Pontike” Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens. Band I. Ed. F. K. Dörner, Wien, 1972, 47-49.
  • Fittschen-Zanker 1994 K. Fittschen - P. Zanker, Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom. Band I. Kaiser und Prinzenbildnisse, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1994.
  • Furtwängler 1964 A. Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, Chicago, 1964.
  • Gasparri 1964 a C. Gasparri, “Dionysos” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 414-514; II-2, 296-406.
  • Gasparri 1964 b C. Gasparri, “Bacchus” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 540-566; II-2, 428-455.
  • Hermary vd. 1986 A. Hermary – H. Cassimatis - R. Vollkommer, “Eros” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae III-1, 850-942; III-2, 609-668.
  • Hoepfner 1966 W. Hoepfner, Herakleia Pontike-Ereğli: ein Baugeschichtliche Untersuchung. Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens, Band II, Teil 1, Wien, 1966.
  • Hoff 2001 R. Hoff, “Die Plastik der Diadochenzeit” Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst III Hellenistische Plastik, Ed. P. C. Bol, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 2007, 1-40.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1966 J. İnan – E. Rosenbaum, Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor, London, 1966.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1979 J. İnan - E. Rosenbaum, Römische und Frühbyzantinische Porträtplastik aus der Türkei, Mainz an Rhein, 1979.
  • Johnson 1931 F. P. Johnson, Sculpture, 1896-1923. Corinth IX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.
  • Jones 1998 A. J. M. Jones, Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford, 1998.
  • Kaltsas 2002 N. Kaltsas, Sculpture in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Los Angeles, 2002.
  • Karageorghis-Vermeule 1966 V. Karageorghis - C. C. Vermeule, Sculptures from Salamis II. Nicosia- Cyprus: Nicosia Printing Works, 1966.
  • Kleiner 1992 D. E. Kleiner, Roman Sculpture, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992.
  • Koch 2001 G. Koch, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri, Trans. Z. İlkgelen, İstanbul, 2001.
  • Lunn 1963 B. Lunn, “On the Symbolism of severed animal heads: Some documens” Latomus, T. 22, Fasc. 2, Avril-Juin 1963, 252-260.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor. I-II, Princeton-New Jersey, 1950.
  • Memnon Memnon, Herakleia Pontike Tarihi, Trans. M. Arslan, İstanbul, 2007.
  • McDowall 1904 K. A. McDowall, “The So-Called Sardanapalus” Journal of Hellenistic Studies, Vol. XXIV, 254-259, 1904.
  • Naumann 1983 F. Naumann, Die Ikonographie der Kybele in der Phrygischen und der Griechischen Kunst, 28. Beih. Istanbuler Mitteilungen, Tübingen, 1983.
  • Özgan 1995 R. Özgan, Die Griechischen und Römischen Skulpturen aus Tralleis, Asia Minor Studien 15, Bonn: Habelt, 1995.
  • Özgan 1999 R. Özgan, Die Skulpturen von Stratonikeia, Asia Minor Studien, 32. Bonn:Habelt, 1999.
  • Özgan 2008 R. Özgan, “Einige Unbekannte Porträts aus dem 1. Jh. n. Chr. in der Türkei” Festschrift für Elmar Schwertheim zum 65. Geburtstag., Ed. E. Winter, Bonn, 2008, 503-512.
  • Öztürk-Sönmez 2011 B. Öztürk - İ. F. Sönmez, “New Inscriptions from the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum” Arkeoloji ve Sanat, Sayı: 137, Mayıs-Ağustos, 2011, 155-166.
  • Paribeni 1959 E. Paribeni, Catalogo delle Sculture di Cirene: Statue e rilievi di carattere religioso, Monografie di Archeologia Libica-V. Roma, 1959.
  • Perkins 1951 J. W. Perkins, “Tripolitania and the Marble Trade” The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 41, Parts 1-2, 1951, 89-104.
  • Pfuhl-Möbius 1977 E. Pfuhl - H. Möbius, Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 1977.
  • Ridgway 1984 B. S. Ridgway, Roman Copies of Greek Sculpture: The Problem of the Originals, Michigan, 1984.
  • Ridgway 1990 B. S. Ridgway, “Metal Attachments in Greek Marble Sculpture” Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 185-206.
  • Rizzo 1932 G. E. Rizzo, Prassitele, Roma, 1932.
  • Rose 1997 C. B. Rose, Dynastic Commemoration and Imperial Portraiture in the Julio-Claudian Period, Cambridge, 1997.
  • Rottiers 1829 C. Rottiers, Itiéraire de Tiflis a Constantinople, Bruxelles, 1829.
  • Shear 1935 T. L. Shear, “The Sculpture Found in 1933” Hesperia, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1935, 371-420.
  • Schorndorfer 1997 S. Schorndorfer, Öffentliche Bauten Hadrianischer Zeit in Kleinasien, Münster, 1997.
  • Schwertheim 1978 E. Schwertheim, “Denkmäler zur Meterverehrung in Bithynien und Mysien” Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens. Festschrift für Friedrich Karl Dörner zum 65. Geburtstag am 28. Februar 1976, Eds. S. Şahin - E. Schwertheim - J. Wagner, Bonn, 1978, 792-837.
  • Simon 1997 E. Simon, “Kybele” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII-1, 744-766; VIII-2, 506-518.
  • Sevin 2013 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Sezer 2016 S. S. Sezer, Prusias ad Hypium Antik Kenti Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Strabon Strabon, Geographika XII-XIII-XIV. Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası, Trans. A. Pekman, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Sturgeon 2004 M. C. Sturgeon, Sculpture the Assemblage from the Theater. Corinth. Vol. IX, Part, III. Princeton, New Jersey, 2004.
  • Şahin 1975 S. Şahin, “Das Grabmal des Pantomimen Krispos in Herakleia Pontike” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 18, 1975, 293-297.
  • Varner 2004 E. R. Varner, Multilation and Transformation Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture, Brill, 2004.
  • Vermaseren 1987 M. J. Vermaseren, Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. I. Asia Minor, Leiden, 1987.
  • Vermeule 1961 C. C. Vermeule III, “A Graeco-Portrait of the Third Century A.D. and the Graeco-Asiatic Tradition in Imperial Portraiture from Gallienus to Diocletian” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol.15, 1961, 3-22.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge, 1968.
Year 2021, Issue: 3, 53 - 76, 30.06.2021

Abstract

The aim of this study is to introduce the sculpture works of the ancient city of Heracleia Pontica (Karadeniz Ereğlisi) to the scientific world. Heracleia Pontica was a prominent city in Bithynia during the Ancient Period. No systematic and regular excavation has yet been conducted in the city. A total of eight sculptures found in the city up to this date were discovered entirely randomly and not through regular excavation in the ancient city, which are three portraits belonging to private persons, a head of the goddess Artemis (?), a herm of Dionysos (?), the lower half of a statuette of Cybele, a piece from a plinth and the support of a statue. These works are currently exhibited in the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum. The iconographic and stylistic analysis of these sculptures have dated them to the Roman Period. The quality and fine workmanship of these works denote a significant sculpturing activity in the ancient city.

References

  • Ainsworth 1842 W. F. Ainsworth, Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, Vol. I, London, 1842.
  • Akkaya 1994 T. Akkaya, Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Ereğlisi)’nin Tarihi Gelişimi ve Eski Eserleri, İstanbul, 1994.
  • Angelicoussis 1992 E. Angelicoussis, The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1992.
  • Ashmole 1919-1921 B. Ashmole, “The So-Called Sardanapalus”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 24, Supplement 1919-1921, 78-87.
  • Asgari 1978 N. Asgari, “Roman and Early Byzantine Marble Quarries of Proconnesus”, The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology. Vol. I, Ankara-İzmir, 23-30/IX/1973, Ed. E. Akurgal, Ankara, 1978, 467-480.
  • Aurenhammer 1990 M. Aurenhammer, Die Skulpturen von Ephesos: Bildwerke aus Stein Idealplastik I, Forschungen in Ephesos veröffentlicht vom Österreichischen Archäologischen Institut in Wien, Wien, 1990.
  • Bieber 1968 M. Bieber, The Statue of Cybele in the J.Paul Getty Museum, California, 1968.
  • Boardman 2014 J. Boardman, Yunan Heykeli. Geç Klasik Dönem, Trans. M. Peker, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Boatwright 2000 M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 2000.
  • Borè 1840 E. Borè, Correspondance et mèmoires d’un voyageur en Orient I, Prusias. Paris, 1840.
  • Budde-Nicholls 1964 L. Budde – R. Nicholls, A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge, Cambridge, 1964.
  • Burstein 1976 S. M. Burstein, Outpost of Hellenism: the emergence of Heraclea on the Black Sea, Los Angeles, 1976.
  • Claridge 1990 A. Claridge, “Ancient techniques of making joins in marble statuary”, Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 135-162.
  • Cremer 1992 M. Cremer, Hellenistische-römische Grabstelen im nordwestlichen Kleinasien. 2. Bithynien, Asia Minor Studien Band 4, Bonn, 1992.
  • Erichsen 1972 A. Erichsen, “Ein Hekate-Relief in Herakleia Pontike” Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens. Band I. Ed. F. K. Dörner, Wien, 1972, 47-49.
  • Fittschen-Zanker 1994 K. Fittschen - P. Zanker, Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom. Band I. Kaiser und Prinzenbildnisse, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1994.
  • Furtwängler 1964 A. Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, Chicago, 1964.
  • Gasparri 1964 a C. Gasparri, “Dionysos” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 414-514; II-2, 296-406.
  • Gasparri 1964 b C. Gasparri, “Bacchus” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 540-566; II-2, 428-455.
  • Hermary vd. 1986 A. Hermary – H. Cassimatis - R. Vollkommer, “Eros” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae III-1, 850-942; III-2, 609-668.
  • Hoepfner 1966 W. Hoepfner, Herakleia Pontike-Ereğli: ein Baugeschichtliche Untersuchung. Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens, Band II, Teil 1, Wien, 1966.
  • Hoff 2001 R. Hoff, “Die Plastik der Diadochenzeit” Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst III Hellenistische Plastik, Ed. P. C. Bol, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 2007, 1-40.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1966 J. İnan – E. Rosenbaum, Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor, London, 1966.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1979 J. İnan - E. Rosenbaum, Römische und Frühbyzantinische Porträtplastik aus der Türkei, Mainz an Rhein, 1979.
  • Johnson 1931 F. P. Johnson, Sculpture, 1896-1923. Corinth IX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.
  • Jones 1998 A. J. M. Jones, Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford, 1998.
  • Kaltsas 2002 N. Kaltsas, Sculpture in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Los Angeles, 2002.
  • Karageorghis-Vermeule 1966 V. Karageorghis - C. C. Vermeule, Sculptures from Salamis II. Nicosia- Cyprus: Nicosia Printing Works, 1966.
  • Kleiner 1992 D. E. Kleiner, Roman Sculpture, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992.
  • Koch 2001 G. Koch, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri, Trans. Z. İlkgelen, İstanbul, 2001.
  • Lunn 1963 B. Lunn, “On the Symbolism of severed animal heads: Some documens” Latomus, T. 22, Fasc. 2, Avril-Juin 1963, 252-260.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor. I-II, Princeton-New Jersey, 1950.
  • Memnon Memnon, Herakleia Pontike Tarihi, Trans. M. Arslan, İstanbul, 2007.
  • McDowall 1904 K. A. McDowall, “The So-Called Sardanapalus” Journal of Hellenistic Studies, Vol. XXIV, 254-259, 1904.
  • Naumann 1983 F. Naumann, Die Ikonographie der Kybele in der Phrygischen und der Griechischen Kunst, 28. Beih. Istanbuler Mitteilungen, Tübingen, 1983.
  • Özgan 1995 R. Özgan, Die Griechischen und Römischen Skulpturen aus Tralleis, Asia Minor Studien 15, Bonn: Habelt, 1995.
  • Özgan 1999 R. Özgan, Die Skulpturen von Stratonikeia, Asia Minor Studien, 32. Bonn:Habelt, 1999.
  • Özgan 2008 R. Özgan, “Einige Unbekannte Porträts aus dem 1. Jh. n. Chr. in der Türkei” Festschrift für Elmar Schwertheim zum 65. Geburtstag., Ed. E. Winter, Bonn, 2008, 503-512.
  • Öztürk-Sönmez 2011 B. Öztürk - İ. F. Sönmez, “New Inscriptions from the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum” Arkeoloji ve Sanat, Sayı: 137, Mayıs-Ağustos, 2011, 155-166.
  • Paribeni 1959 E. Paribeni, Catalogo delle Sculture di Cirene: Statue e rilievi di carattere religioso, Monografie di Archeologia Libica-V. Roma, 1959.
  • Perkins 1951 J. W. Perkins, “Tripolitania and the Marble Trade” The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 41, Parts 1-2, 1951, 89-104.
  • Pfuhl-Möbius 1977 E. Pfuhl - H. Möbius, Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 1977.
  • Ridgway 1984 B. S. Ridgway, Roman Copies of Greek Sculpture: The Problem of the Originals, Michigan, 1984.
  • Ridgway 1990 B. S. Ridgway, “Metal Attachments in Greek Marble Sculpture” Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 185-206.
  • Rizzo 1932 G. E. Rizzo, Prassitele, Roma, 1932.
  • Rose 1997 C. B. Rose, Dynastic Commemoration and Imperial Portraiture in the Julio-Claudian Period, Cambridge, 1997.
  • Rottiers 1829 C. Rottiers, Itiéraire de Tiflis a Constantinople, Bruxelles, 1829.
  • Shear 1935 T. L. Shear, “The Sculpture Found in 1933” Hesperia, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1935, 371-420.
  • Schorndorfer 1997 S. Schorndorfer, Öffentliche Bauten Hadrianischer Zeit in Kleinasien, Münster, 1997.
  • Schwertheim 1978 E. Schwertheim, “Denkmäler zur Meterverehrung in Bithynien und Mysien” Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens. Festschrift für Friedrich Karl Dörner zum 65. Geburtstag am 28. Februar 1976, Eds. S. Şahin - E. Schwertheim - J. Wagner, Bonn, 1978, 792-837.
  • Simon 1997 E. Simon, “Kybele” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII-1, 744-766; VIII-2, 506-518.
  • Sevin 2013 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Sezer 2016 S. S. Sezer, Prusias ad Hypium Antik Kenti Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Strabon Strabon, Geographika XII-XIII-XIV. Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası, Trans. A. Pekman, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Sturgeon 2004 M. C. Sturgeon, Sculpture the Assemblage from the Theater. Corinth. Vol. IX, Part, III. Princeton, New Jersey, 2004.
  • Şahin 1975 S. Şahin, “Das Grabmal des Pantomimen Krispos in Herakleia Pontike” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 18, 1975, 293-297.
  • Varner 2004 E. R. Varner, Multilation and Transformation Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture, Brill, 2004.
  • Vermaseren 1987 M. J. Vermaseren, Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. I. Asia Minor, Leiden, 1987.
  • Vermeule 1961 C. C. Vermeule III, “A Graeco-Portrait of the Third Century A.D. and the Graeco-Asiatic Tradition in Imperial Portraiture from Gallienus to Diocletian” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol.15, 1961, 3-22.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge, 1968.
Year 2021, Issue: 3, 53 - 76, 30.06.2021

Abstract

The aim of this study is to introduce the sculpture works of the ancient city of Heracleia Pontica (Karadeniz Ereğlisi) to the scientific world. Heracleia Pontica was a prominent city in Bithynia during the Ancient Period. No systematic and regular excavation has yet been conducted in the city. A total of eight sculptures found in the city up to this date were discovered entirely randomly and not through regular excavation in the ancient city, which are three portraits belonging to private persons, a head of the goddess Artemis (?), a herm of Dionysos (?), the lower half of a statuette of Cybele, a piece from a plinth and the support of a statue. These works are currently exhibited in the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum. The iconographic and stylistic analysis of these sculptures have dated them to the Roman Period. The quality and fine workmanship of these works denote a significant sculpturing activity in the ancient city.

References

  • Ainsworth 1842 W. F. Ainsworth, Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, Vol. I, London, 1842.
  • Akkaya 1994 T. Akkaya, Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Ereğlisi)’nin Tarihi Gelişimi ve Eski Eserleri, İstanbul, 1994.
  • Angelicoussis 1992 E. Angelicoussis, The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1992.
  • Ashmole 1919-1921 B. Ashmole, “The So-Called Sardanapalus”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 24, Supplement 1919-1921, 78-87.
  • Asgari 1978 N. Asgari, “Roman and Early Byzantine Marble Quarries of Proconnesus”, The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology. Vol. I, Ankara-İzmir, 23-30/IX/1973, Ed. E. Akurgal, Ankara, 1978, 467-480.
  • Aurenhammer 1990 M. Aurenhammer, Die Skulpturen von Ephesos: Bildwerke aus Stein Idealplastik I, Forschungen in Ephesos veröffentlicht vom Österreichischen Archäologischen Institut in Wien, Wien, 1990.
  • Bieber 1968 M. Bieber, The Statue of Cybele in the J.Paul Getty Museum, California, 1968.
  • Boardman 2014 J. Boardman, Yunan Heykeli. Geç Klasik Dönem, Trans. M. Peker, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Boatwright 2000 M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 2000.
  • Borè 1840 E. Borè, Correspondance et mèmoires d’un voyageur en Orient I, Prusias. Paris, 1840.
  • Budde-Nicholls 1964 L. Budde – R. Nicholls, A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge, Cambridge, 1964.
  • Burstein 1976 S. M. Burstein, Outpost of Hellenism: the emergence of Heraclea on the Black Sea, Los Angeles, 1976.
  • Claridge 1990 A. Claridge, “Ancient techniques of making joins in marble statuary”, Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 135-162.
  • Cremer 1992 M. Cremer, Hellenistische-römische Grabstelen im nordwestlichen Kleinasien. 2. Bithynien, Asia Minor Studien Band 4, Bonn, 1992.
  • Erichsen 1972 A. Erichsen, “Ein Hekate-Relief in Herakleia Pontike” Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens. Band I. Ed. F. K. Dörner, Wien, 1972, 47-49.
  • Fittschen-Zanker 1994 K. Fittschen - P. Zanker, Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom. Band I. Kaiser und Prinzenbildnisse, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1994.
  • Furtwängler 1964 A. Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, Chicago, 1964.
  • Gasparri 1964 a C. Gasparri, “Dionysos” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 414-514; II-2, 296-406.
  • Gasparri 1964 b C. Gasparri, “Bacchus” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 540-566; II-2, 428-455.
  • Hermary vd. 1986 A. Hermary – H. Cassimatis - R. Vollkommer, “Eros” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae III-1, 850-942; III-2, 609-668.
  • Hoepfner 1966 W. Hoepfner, Herakleia Pontike-Ereğli: ein Baugeschichtliche Untersuchung. Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens, Band II, Teil 1, Wien, 1966.
  • Hoff 2001 R. Hoff, “Die Plastik der Diadochenzeit” Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst III Hellenistische Plastik, Ed. P. C. Bol, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 2007, 1-40.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1966 J. İnan – E. Rosenbaum, Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor, London, 1966.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1979 J. İnan - E. Rosenbaum, Römische und Frühbyzantinische Porträtplastik aus der Türkei, Mainz an Rhein, 1979.
  • Johnson 1931 F. P. Johnson, Sculpture, 1896-1923. Corinth IX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.
  • Jones 1998 A. J. M. Jones, Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford, 1998.
  • Kaltsas 2002 N. Kaltsas, Sculpture in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Los Angeles, 2002.
  • Karageorghis-Vermeule 1966 V. Karageorghis - C. C. Vermeule, Sculptures from Salamis II. Nicosia- Cyprus: Nicosia Printing Works, 1966.
  • Kleiner 1992 D. E. Kleiner, Roman Sculpture, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992.
  • Koch 2001 G. Koch, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri, Trans. Z. İlkgelen, İstanbul, 2001.
  • Lunn 1963 B. Lunn, “On the Symbolism of severed animal heads: Some documens” Latomus, T. 22, Fasc. 2, Avril-Juin 1963, 252-260.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor. I-II, Princeton-New Jersey, 1950.
  • Memnon Memnon, Herakleia Pontike Tarihi, Trans. M. Arslan, İstanbul, 2007.
  • McDowall 1904 K. A. McDowall, “The So-Called Sardanapalus” Journal of Hellenistic Studies, Vol. XXIV, 254-259, 1904.
  • Naumann 1983 F. Naumann, Die Ikonographie der Kybele in der Phrygischen und der Griechischen Kunst, 28. Beih. Istanbuler Mitteilungen, Tübingen, 1983.
  • Özgan 1995 R. Özgan, Die Griechischen und Römischen Skulpturen aus Tralleis, Asia Minor Studien 15, Bonn: Habelt, 1995.
  • Özgan 1999 R. Özgan, Die Skulpturen von Stratonikeia, Asia Minor Studien, 32. Bonn:Habelt, 1999.
  • Özgan 2008 R. Özgan, “Einige Unbekannte Porträts aus dem 1. Jh. n. Chr. in der Türkei” Festschrift für Elmar Schwertheim zum 65. Geburtstag., Ed. E. Winter, Bonn, 2008, 503-512.
  • Öztürk-Sönmez 2011 B. Öztürk - İ. F. Sönmez, “New Inscriptions from the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum” Arkeoloji ve Sanat, Sayı: 137, Mayıs-Ağustos, 2011, 155-166.
  • Paribeni 1959 E. Paribeni, Catalogo delle Sculture di Cirene: Statue e rilievi di carattere religioso, Monografie di Archeologia Libica-V. Roma, 1959.
  • Perkins 1951 J. W. Perkins, “Tripolitania and the Marble Trade” The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 41, Parts 1-2, 1951, 89-104.
  • Pfuhl-Möbius 1977 E. Pfuhl - H. Möbius, Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 1977.
  • Ridgway 1984 B. S. Ridgway, Roman Copies of Greek Sculpture: The Problem of the Originals, Michigan, 1984.
  • Ridgway 1990 B. S. Ridgway, “Metal Attachments in Greek Marble Sculpture” Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 185-206.
  • Rizzo 1932 G. E. Rizzo, Prassitele, Roma, 1932.
  • Rose 1997 C. B. Rose, Dynastic Commemoration and Imperial Portraiture in the Julio-Claudian Period, Cambridge, 1997.
  • Rottiers 1829 C. Rottiers, Itiéraire de Tiflis a Constantinople, Bruxelles, 1829.
  • Shear 1935 T. L. Shear, “The Sculpture Found in 1933” Hesperia, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1935, 371-420.
  • Schorndorfer 1997 S. Schorndorfer, Öffentliche Bauten Hadrianischer Zeit in Kleinasien, Münster, 1997.
  • Schwertheim 1978 E. Schwertheim, “Denkmäler zur Meterverehrung in Bithynien und Mysien” Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens. Festschrift für Friedrich Karl Dörner zum 65. Geburtstag am 28. Februar 1976, Eds. S. Şahin - E. Schwertheim - J. Wagner, Bonn, 1978, 792-837.
  • Simon 1997 E. Simon, “Kybele” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII-1, 744-766; VIII-2, 506-518.
  • Sevin 2013 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Sezer 2016 S. S. Sezer, Prusias ad Hypium Antik Kenti Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Strabon Strabon, Geographika XII-XIII-XIV. Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası, Trans. A. Pekman, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Sturgeon 2004 M. C. Sturgeon, Sculpture the Assemblage from the Theater. Corinth. Vol. IX, Part, III. Princeton, New Jersey, 2004.
  • Şahin 1975 S. Şahin, “Das Grabmal des Pantomimen Krispos in Herakleia Pontike” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 18, 1975, 293-297.
  • Varner 2004 E. R. Varner, Multilation and Transformation Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture, Brill, 2004.
  • Vermaseren 1987 M. J. Vermaseren, Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. I. Asia Minor, Leiden, 1987.
  • Vermeule 1961 C. C. Vermeule III, “A Graeco-Portrait of the Third Century A.D. and the Graeco-Asiatic Tradition in Imperial Portraiture from Gallienus to Diocletian” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol.15, 1961, 3-22.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge, 1968.
Year 2021, Issue: 3, 53 - 76, 30.06.2021

Abstract

The aim of this study is to introduce the sculpture works of the ancient city of Heracleia Pontica (Karadeniz Ereğlisi) to the scientific world. Heracleia Pontica was a prominent city in Bithynia during the Ancient Period. No systematic and regular excavation has yet been conducted in the city. A total of eight sculptures found in the city up to this date were discovered entirely randomly and not through regular excavation in the ancient city, which are three portraits belonging to private persons, a head of the goddess Artemis (?), a herm of Dionysos (?), the lower half of a statuette of Cybele, a piece from a plinth and the support of a statue. These works are currently exhibited in the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum. The iconographic and stylistic analysis of these sculptures have dated them to the Roman Period. The quality and fine workmanship of these works denote a significant sculpturing activity in the ancient city.

References

  • Ainsworth 1842 W. F. Ainsworth, Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, Vol. I, London, 1842.
  • Akkaya 1994 T. Akkaya, Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Ereğlisi)’nin Tarihi Gelişimi ve Eski Eserleri, İstanbul, 1994.
  • Angelicoussis 1992 E. Angelicoussis, The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1992.
  • Ashmole 1919-1921 B. Ashmole, “The So-Called Sardanapalus”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 24, Supplement 1919-1921, 78-87.
  • Asgari 1978 N. Asgari, “Roman and Early Byzantine Marble Quarries of Proconnesus”, The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology. Vol. I, Ankara-İzmir, 23-30/IX/1973, Ed. E. Akurgal, Ankara, 1978, 467-480.
  • Aurenhammer 1990 M. Aurenhammer, Die Skulpturen von Ephesos: Bildwerke aus Stein Idealplastik I, Forschungen in Ephesos veröffentlicht vom Österreichischen Archäologischen Institut in Wien, Wien, 1990.
  • Bieber 1968 M. Bieber, The Statue of Cybele in the J.Paul Getty Museum, California, 1968.
  • Boardman 2014 J. Boardman, Yunan Heykeli. Geç Klasik Dönem, Trans. M. Peker, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Boatwright 2000 M. T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 2000.
  • Borè 1840 E. Borè, Correspondance et mèmoires d’un voyageur en Orient I, Prusias. Paris, 1840.
  • Budde-Nicholls 1964 L. Budde – R. Nicholls, A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge, Cambridge, 1964.
  • Burstein 1976 S. M. Burstein, Outpost of Hellenism: the emergence of Heraclea on the Black Sea, Los Angeles, 1976.
  • Claridge 1990 A. Claridge, “Ancient techniques of making joins in marble statuary”, Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 135-162.
  • Cremer 1992 M. Cremer, Hellenistische-römische Grabstelen im nordwestlichen Kleinasien. 2. Bithynien, Asia Minor Studien Band 4, Bonn, 1992.
  • Erichsen 1972 A. Erichsen, “Ein Hekate-Relief in Herakleia Pontike” Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens. Band I. Ed. F. K. Dörner, Wien, 1972, 47-49.
  • Fittschen-Zanker 1994 K. Fittschen - P. Zanker, Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom. Band I. Kaiser und Prinzenbildnisse, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 1994.
  • Furtwängler 1964 A. Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, Chicago, 1964.
  • Gasparri 1964 a C. Gasparri, “Dionysos” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 414-514; II-2, 296-406.
  • Gasparri 1964 b C. Gasparri, “Bacchus” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae II-1, 540-566; II-2, 428-455.
  • Hermary vd. 1986 A. Hermary – H. Cassimatis - R. Vollkommer, “Eros” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae III-1, 850-942; III-2, 609-668.
  • Hoepfner 1966 W. Hoepfner, Herakleia Pontike-Ereğli: ein Baugeschichtliche Untersuchung. Forschungen an der Nordküste Kleinasiens, Band II, Teil 1, Wien, 1966.
  • Hoff 2001 R. Hoff, “Die Plastik der Diadochenzeit” Die Geschichte der antiken Bildhauerkunst III Hellenistische Plastik, Ed. P. C. Bol, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, 2007, 1-40.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1966 J. İnan – E. Rosenbaum, Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor, London, 1966.
  • İnan-Rosenbaum 1979 J. İnan - E. Rosenbaum, Römische und Frühbyzantinische Porträtplastik aus der Türkei, Mainz an Rhein, 1979.
  • Johnson 1931 F. P. Johnson, Sculpture, 1896-1923. Corinth IX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.
  • Jones 1998 A. J. M. Jones, Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford, 1998.
  • Kaltsas 2002 N. Kaltsas, Sculpture in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Los Angeles, 2002.
  • Karageorghis-Vermeule 1966 V. Karageorghis - C. C. Vermeule, Sculptures from Salamis II. Nicosia- Cyprus: Nicosia Printing Works, 1966.
  • Kleiner 1992 D. E. Kleiner, Roman Sculpture, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992.
  • Koch 2001 G. Koch, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri, Trans. Z. İlkgelen, İstanbul, 2001.
  • Lunn 1963 B. Lunn, “On the Symbolism of severed animal heads: Some documens” Latomus, T. 22, Fasc. 2, Avril-Juin 1963, 252-260.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor. I-II, Princeton-New Jersey, 1950.
  • Memnon Memnon, Herakleia Pontike Tarihi, Trans. M. Arslan, İstanbul, 2007.
  • McDowall 1904 K. A. McDowall, “The So-Called Sardanapalus” Journal of Hellenistic Studies, Vol. XXIV, 254-259, 1904.
  • Naumann 1983 F. Naumann, Die Ikonographie der Kybele in der Phrygischen und der Griechischen Kunst, 28. Beih. Istanbuler Mitteilungen, Tübingen, 1983.
  • Özgan 1995 R. Özgan, Die Griechischen und Römischen Skulpturen aus Tralleis, Asia Minor Studien 15, Bonn: Habelt, 1995.
  • Özgan 1999 R. Özgan, Die Skulpturen von Stratonikeia, Asia Minor Studien, 32. Bonn:Habelt, 1999.
  • Özgan 2008 R. Özgan, “Einige Unbekannte Porträts aus dem 1. Jh. n. Chr. in der Türkei” Festschrift für Elmar Schwertheim zum 65. Geburtstag., Ed. E. Winter, Bonn, 2008, 503-512.
  • Öztürk-Sönmez 2011 B. Öztürk - İ. F. Sönmez, “New Inscriptions from the Karadeniz Ereğli Museum” Arkeoloji ve Sanat, Sayı: 137, Mayıs-Ağustos, 2011, 155-166.
  • Paribeni 1959 E. Paribeni, Catalogo delle Sculture di Cirene: Statue e rilievi di carattere religioso, Monografie di Archeologia Libica-V. Roma, 1959.
  • Perkins 1951 J. W. Perkins, “Tripolitania and the Marble Trade” The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 41, Parts 1-2, 1951, 89-104.
  • Pfuhl-Möbius 1977 E. Pfuhl - H. Möbius, Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 1977.
  • Ridgway 1984 B. S. Ridgway, Roman Copies of Greek Sculpture: The Problem of the Originals, Michigan, 1984.
  • Ridgway 1990 B. S. Ridgway, “Metal Attachments in Greek Marble Sculpture” Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture, Eds. M. True - J. Podany, Malibu, 1990, 185-206.
  • Rizzo 1932 G. E. Rizzo, Prassitele, Roma, 1932.
  • Rose 1997 C. B. Rose, Dynastic Commemoration and Imperial Portraiture in the Julio-Claudian Period, Cambridge, 1997.
  • Rottiers 1829 C. Rottiers, Itiéraire de Tiflis a Constantinople, Bruxelles, 1829.
  • Shear 1935 T. L. Shear, “The Sculpture Found in 1933” Hesperia, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1935, 371-420.
  • Schorndorfer 1997 S. Schorndorfer, Öffentliche Bauten Hadrianischer Zeit in Kleinasien, Münster, 1997.
  • Schwertheim 1978 E. Schwertheim, “Denkmäler zur Meterverehrung in Bithynien und Mysien” Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens. Festschrift für Friedrich Karl Dörner zum 65. Geburtstag am 28. Februar 1976, Eds. S. Şahin - E. Schwertheim - J. Wagner, Bonn, 1978, 792-837.
  • Simon 1997 E. Simon, “Kybele” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII-1, 744-766; VIII-2, 506-518.
  • Sevin 2013 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Sezer 2016 S. S. Sezer, Prusias ad Hypium Antik Kenti Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Strabon Strabon, Geographika XII-XIII-XIV. Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası, Trans. A. Pekman, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Sturgeon 2004 M. C. Sturgeon, Sculpture the Assemblage from the Theater. Corinth. Vol. IX, Part, III. Princeton, New Jersey, 2004.
  • Şahin 1975 S. Şahin, “Das Grabmal des Pantomimen Krispos in Herakleia Pontike” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 18, 1975, 293-297.
  • Varner 2004 E. R. Varner, Multilation and Transformation Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture, Brill, 2004.
  • Vermaseren 1987 M. J. Vermaseren, Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. I. Asia Minor, Leiden, 1987.
  • Vermeule 1961 C. C. Vermeule III, “A Graeco-Portrait of the Third Century A.D. and the Graeco-Asiatic Tradition in Imperial Portraiture from Gallienus to Diocletian” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol.15, 1961, 3-22.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge, 1968.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

S. Sezin Sezer 0000-0002-2844-0513

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Acceptance Date May 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 3

Cite

Chicago Sezer, S. Sezin. “Heracleia Pontica Antik Kenti’nden Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri”. Lycus Dergisi, no. 3 (June 2021): 53-76.

Lycus Dergisi, Anadolu Arkeolojisi, Tarihi Coğrafyası olmak üzere Prehistorik Dönem’den başlayarak, günümüze kadar olan kültür mirası, buluntular, arkeolojik kazı ve yüzey araştırmalarının sonuçları, restorasyon, konservasyon, müzecilik, antropoloji, epigrafi, etno-arkeoloji gibi bilimsel çalışmaları kapsar. Bunların dışında ilk defa yapılan tespitler, uygulamalar ve analiz çalışmalarının yer aldığı yazıları içerir.