The Relationship Between Kinesiophobia, Physical Activity and Disability Level and Pain Management in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain in Genders

Year 2024, , 1 - 9, 28.12.2024

Nuri Usta , Filiz Altuğ , Ayşe Ünal

https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.1518281

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pain management, kinesiophobia, physical activity and disability level in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) in different genders.
Methods: Eighty-two patients with CLBP (42 females, 42 males) between the ages of 20-60 participated in the study. Pain management strategies were determined by Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ). Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for perception of kinesiophobia, Oswestry Disability Index for disability due to pain and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) for the physical activity level were used.
Results: Women (mean age: 43.23±8.40 years) and men (mean age: 37.09±12.16 years) exhibited differences in helplessness (p=0.001) and conscious cognitive interventions (p=0.023) for pain management. No disparities were noted in self-coping and seeking medical help (p>0.05). Gender variation was significant in kinesiophobia (p=0.002), disability score (p=0.031), and disability percentage (p=0.018) among those with chronic low back pain. Notably, physical activity demonstrated gender balance (p>0.05), while sitting score had a significant difference (p=0.000). In both genders with CLBP, significant associations were found between PCQ dimensions and disability aspects, and in males, with physical activity (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Management of CLBP varies by gender and is related to kinesiophobia, physical activity, and disability level.

Keywords

chronic low back pain, pain coping, kinesiophobia, physical activity, disability

References

• Büssing, A., Ostermann, T., Neugebauer, E. A., Heusser, P., 2010. Adaptive coping strategies in patients with chronic pain conditions and their interpretation of disease. BMC Public Health 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-507
• Chiarotto, A., Maxwell, L. J., Ostelo, R. W., Boers, M., Tugwell, P., Terwee, C. B., 2019. Measurement properties of visual analogue scale, numeric rating scale, and pain severity subscale of the brief pain inventory in patients with low back pain: a systematic review. The Journal of Pain 20(3), 245-263.
• Costa, L. D. C. M., Maher, C. G., McAuley, J. H., Hancock, M. J., Smeets, R. J., 2011. Self-efficacy is more important than fear of movement in mediating the relationship between pain and disability in chronic low back pain. European Journal of Pain 15(2), 213-219.
• Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., 2003. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35(8), 1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
• Crowe, M., Whitehead, L., Gagan, M. J., Baxter, D., Panckhurst, A., Dphil, D. B., 2010. Self-management and chronic low back pain: a qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1478–1486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05316.x
• Demir Saka, S., Gözüm, S., 2020. Toplumda yaşayan yaşlılarda ağrı prevalansı ve ağrı öz yönetim uygulamaları The pain prevalence and self-management practices in community-dwelling elders. Çukurova Medical Journal 45(2), 596–603. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.639994
• Durmuş, D., Akyol, Y., Cengiz, K., Terzi, T., Cantürk, F., 2010. Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, disability, walking performance, quality of life, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Turkish Journal of Rheumatology 25(2), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjr.2010.07
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., Buchner, A., 2007. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods 39(2), 175-191.
• Filipczyk, P., Filipczyk, K., Saulicz, E., 2021. Influence of stabilization techniques used in the treatment of low back pain on the level of kinesiophobia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(12), 6393.
• Ishak, N. A., Zahari, Z., Justine, M., 2017. Kinesiophobia, pain, muscle functions, and functional performances among older persons with low back pain. Pain Research and Treatment 2017.
• Karaca, S., Demir, F., Aşkın, R., Şimşek, İ., 1996. Ağrı ile başaçıkma ölçeği geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. 5. Türk-Alman Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Kongresi, Antalya.
• Karadağ, M., Çalışkan, N., Sarıtaş, S., 2016. Kronik bel ağrısı olan hastaların kullanmış oldukları tamamlayıcı tedavi yöntemlerinin ve hastalık algılarının incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 3(2), 14-27.
• Karaman, E., Sayın Kasar, K., Kankaya, H., 2021. Yaşlı bireylerin kronik ağrıyla baş etme durumları ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Ege Tıp Dergisi 60(4), 375–383.
• Kawi, J., 2014. Chronic low back pain patients' perceptions on self-management, self-management support, and functional ability. Pain Management Nursing 15(1), 258-264.
• Lazarus, R., Folkman, S., 1984. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
• Madenci, E., Herken, H., Yağız, E., Keven, S., Gürsoy, S., 2006. Kronik ağrılı ve fibromiyalji sendromlu hastalarda depresyon düzeyleri ve ağrı ile başa çıkma becerileri. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg 52(1), 19-21.
• Luque-Suarez, A., Martinez-Calderon, J., Falla, D., 2019. Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, 554–559. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098673
• Meints, S. M., Edwards, R. R., 2018. Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology 87(Pt B), 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.017
• Öztürk, M., 2005. A research on reliability and validity of international physical activity questionnaire and determination of physical activity level in university students. Yükseklisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Peres, M. F., Lucchetti, G., 2010. Coping strategies in chronic pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports 14(5), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-010-0137-3
• Picavet, H., Vlaeyen, J. W., Schouten, J. S., 2002. Pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia: predictors of chronic low back pain. American Journal of Epidemiology 156(11), 1028-1034.
• Shmagel, A., Foley, R., Ibrahim, H., 2016. Epidemiology of chronic low back pain in US adults: data from the 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Care & Research 68(11), 1688–1694. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22890
• Skuladottir, H., Halldorsdottir, S., 2008. Women in chronic pain: Sense of control and encounters with health professionals. Qualitative Health Research 18(7), 891–901. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732308318036
• Snow-Turek, A. L., Norris, M. P., Tan, G., 1996. Active and passive coping strategies in chronic pain patients. Pain 64(3), 455–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(95)00190-5
• Snyder, C. R., (Ed.), 1999. Coping: The psychology of what works. Oxford University Press, USA.
• Van Damme, S., Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., 2008. Coping with pain: A motivational perspective. Pain 139(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.07.022
• Varela, A. J., Van Asselt, K. W., 2022. The relationship between psychosocial factors and reported disability: the role of pain self-efficacy. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12891-021-04955-6
• Yakut, E., Düger, T., Öksüz, Ç., Yörükan, S., Üreten, K., Turan, D., Güler, Ç., 2004. Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine 29(5), 581-585.
• Yilmaz, Ö., Yakut, Y., Uygur, F., Uluğ, N., 2011. Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe versiyonu ve test-tekrar test güvenirliği. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 22(1), 44-49.
• Zeidner, M., Endler, N. S., (Eds.), 1995. Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications. John Wiley & Sons.