Hypo- versus hyper-thyroidism in 2 cats: the culprit for miliary dermatitis/hypersensitivity versus growth retardation

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 147 - 152, 30.12.2019

Songül Erdoğan Kerem Ural Hasan Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.655058

Abstract

In the present case series 2 different cats with diagnosis of hypo- versus hyper-thyroidism with distinct clinical signs were reported. The first case was a 3-month-old male domestic short-hair kitten was presented with a disproportionate dwarfism. Radiographic examination of the long bones revealed epiphyseal dysgenesis and delayed epiphyseal ossification. Congenital primary hypothyroidism was established by low serum total thyroxine. Initial treatment composed of levothyroxine. The second case was referred to the clinic with unresolved dermatological problems. On referral alopecia, extensive crusting and matting of the haircoat were evident. Hyperthyroidism and related military dermatitis was detected based on elevated serum total thyroxine and free T4 levels along with skin punch biopsy results. Therapeutical armamentarium composed of methimazole and hyperimmune milk factor. Early recognition, diagnosis and treatment intervention all resulted in clinical remission and relief of clinical signs accompanied by normal thyroidal function and laboratory results in both cats.

Keywords

cat, dermatitis, dwarfism, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism

Hipotiroidizme karşı hipertiroidizm: İki kedide büyüme geriliğine karşı miliyer dermatitis/hipersensitivite

Abstract

Bu olgu sunumunda iki farklı kedide karşılaşılan hipotiroidizme karşı hipertiroidizm ilişkili farklı klinik bulgular sunuldu. İlk olgumuz 3 aylık yaşta, erkek, short-hair ırkı yavru kedi olup aşırı cücelik şikayeti ile kliniğimize getirilmiştir. Radyografik bulgularında uzun kemiklerde epifiziyal disgenezis ve epifiziyal kemikleşmede geçikme tespit edildi. Kongenital hipotiroidzm tanısı düşük total tiroksin seviyesiyle desteklendi ve levotiroksin ile sağaltıma başlanıldı. İkinci olgumuz ise sağaltıma ragmen düzelmeyen dermatolojik bulgular ile kliniğimize başvurdu. Klinik muayenede alopesi, yaygın kabuklanma ve kıl örtüsünde matlaşma görüldü. Deriden alınan punç biyopsi sonuçları, artan serum total tiroksin ve serbest T4 ve ilişkili miliyar dermatitis ile hipertiroidizm tanısı konuldu. Bu olgumuzda metimazol ve hiperimmun süt faktörü başlanıldı. Sonuç olarak her iki olgumuzda da erken tanı ve sağaltım ilişkili klinik bulguların giderilmesine ve laboratuvar sonuçlarına göre normal tiroid fonksiyonlarına kavuşmalarına yol açtı.

Keywords

cücelik, dermatitis, hipotiroidizm, hipertiroidizm, kedi

References

• Arnold, U., Opizt, M., Grosser, I., Bader, R., Eigenmann, J.E., 1984. Goitrous hypothyroidism and dwarfism in a kitten. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 20, 753–758.
• Beck, L.R., Fuhrer, J.P., 1993. Milk lymphocyte anti-adhesion factor, and its role as an anti-microbial. In: International Dairy Federation, Uppsala, Sweden, 62-72.
• Bello, T.R., Allen, T., 2005. The Use of MicroLactin® for Inflammatory Conditions in Equine Veterinary. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 25(9), 380-382.
• Bojanic, K., Acke, E., Jones, B.R., 2011. Congenital hypothyroidism of dogs and cats: A review. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 59, 115–122.
• Bucknell, D.G., 2000. Feline hyperthyroidism: spectrum of clinical presentations and response to carbimazole therapy. Australian Veterinary Journal 78, 462 – 465.
• Carlotti, D.N., 2004. Crusting Dermatoses in Cats. In: World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, Cabinet de Dermatologie Vétérinaire, Heliopolis B 3 Bordeaux-Mérignac, France.
• Crowe, A., 2004. Congenital hypothyroidism in a cat. Canadian Veterinary Journal 45, 168–170.
• Feldman, E.C., Nelson, R.W., 1996. Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
• Feldman, E.C., Nelson, R.W., 2004. Feline hypothyroidism. In: Feldman, E.C., Nelson, R.W., (Eds.), Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction, Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp. 143–151.
• Gingerich, D.A., Strobel, J.D., 2003. Use of client-specific outcome measures to assess treatment effects in geriatric, arthritic dogs: controlled clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical. Veterinary Therapeutics 4(1), 56-66.
• Gross, T.L., Ihrke, P.J., Walder, E.J., Affolter, V.K., 2005. Spongiotic and vesicular diseases of the epidermis. Feline eosinophilic plaque. In: Gross, T.L., Ihrke, P.J., Walder, E.J., Affolter, V.K., (Eds.), Skin Diseases of the dog and cat. Clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Blackwell Science, USA, pp. 105-115.
• Gross, T.L., Kwochka, K.W., Kunkle, G.A., 1986. Correlation of histologic and immunologic findings in cats with miliary dermatitis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 189, 1322-1325.
• Hibbert, A., 2018. Common feline enteropathies: a cas based approach. In: BSAVA Congress Proceedings, BSAVA Library, pp. 71-72.
• Johnson, K.A., Watson, A.D.J., 2010. Skeletal diseases. In: Ettinger, S.J., Feldman, E.C., (Eds.), Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp. 819–845.
• Klein, B.G., 2012. Endocrine glands and their function. In: Klein, B.G., (Eds.), Cunningham’s Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, pp. 428 – 464.
• Lim, C.K., Rosa, C.T., De Witt, Y., Schoeman, J.P., 2014. Congenital hypothyroidism and concurrent renal insufficiency in a kitten. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 85(1), 6.
• McLean, J.L., Lobetti, R.G., Schoeman, J.P., 2014. World- wide prevalence and risk factors for feline hyperthyroid- ism: a review. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 85, 1097.
• Mooney, C.T., 2010. Hyperthyroidism. In: Ettinger, S.J., Feldman, E.C., (Eds.), Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, pp. 1761 – 1779.
• Okubo, K., Kamiya, M., Urano, Y., Nishi, H., Herter, J. M., Mayadas, T., Kurosawa, M., 2016. Lactoferrin suppresses neutrophil extracellular traps release in inflammation. EBio Medicine, 10, 204-215.
• Peterson, M.E., 1986. Hyperthyroidism in cats. In: Chastain, C.B., Ganjam, V.K., (Eds.), Clinical endocrinology of companion animals. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 110-175.
• Peterson, M.E., 2011. Top 10 Signs of Hyperthyroidism Top 10 Signs of Hyperthyroidism in Cats. http://www.animalendocrine.info/2011/05/top-10-signs-of-hyperthyroidism-in-cats.html (Access Date: 24.11.2019).
• Peterson, M.E., 2014. Feline hyperthyroidism: an animal model for toxic nodular goiter. Journal of Endocrinology 223, 97-114.
• Pettigrew, R., Fyfe, J.C., Gregory, B.L., Lipsitz, D., Delahunta, A., Summers, B.A., Shelton, G.D., 2007. CNS hypomyelination in Rat Terrier dogs with congenital goiter and a mutation in the thyroid peroxidase gene. Veterinary Pathology 44, 50–6.
• Quante, S., Fracassi, F., Gorgas, D., Kircher, P.R., Boretti, F.S., Ohlerth, S., 2010. Congenital hypothyroidism in a kitten resulting in decreased IGF-1 concentration and abnormal liver function tests. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 12, 487–490.
• Scott-Moncrieff, J.C., 2007. Clinical signs and current diseases of hypothyroidism in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 37, 709–722.
• Scott-Moncrieff, J.C., 2015. Feline hyperthyroidism. In: Feldman, E.C., Nelson, R.W., Reusch, C., Scott-Moncrieff, J.C., Behrend, E., (Eds,), Canine and Feline Endocrinology. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, pp. 136 – 195.
• Stephens, M.J., O’Neill, D.G., Church, D.B., McGreevy, P.D., Thomson, P.C., Brodbelt, D.C., 2014. Feline hyper- thyroidism reported in primary-care veterinary practices in England: prevalence, associated factors and spatial distribution. Veterinary Record 175, 458.
• Szabo, S.D., Wells, K.L., 2007. What is your diagnosis?. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 230, 29–30.
• Traas, A.M., Abbott, B.L., French, A., Giger. U., 2008. Congenital Thyroid Hypoplasia and Seizures in 2 Littermate Kittens. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 22(6), 1427-1431.
• Volckaert, V., Vandermeulen, E., Daminet, S., Saunders, J., Peremans, K., 2016a. Hyperthyroidism in cats, part I: anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and imaging. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 85(5), 255-264.
• Volckaert, V., Vandermeulen, E., Daminet, S., Saunders, J., Peremans, K., 2016b. Hyperthyroidism in cats, part II: scintigraphic diagnosis and radioiodine treatment. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 85(5), 265-273.