The relationship between COVID-19 fear and depressive symptom level in adults applying to family health center

Year 2023, , 88 - 94, 31.12.2023

Raşit Dursun , Şehide Arslan , Hasan Durmuş , Elçin Balcı

https://doi.org/10.35514/mtd.2024.99

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Objective: In addition to the risk of infection and mortality, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused varying levels of psychological effects, stress reactions and depressive symptoms in individuals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the levels of COVID-19 fear and depressive symptoms in individuals aged 18 years and over who applied to family health centers and to evaluate demographic characteristics.
Material-Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals aged 18 years and older who applied to family health centers in August 2022. The face-to-face questionnaire consisted of descriptive questions, COVID-19 Fear Scale and Beck Depression Scale. Data were collected at family health centers located in Kocasinan, Melikgazi and Talas districts. The sample size was calculated as 657 people and the study was completed with 799 people. ANOVA, t test, Pearson Chi-square test and correlation analysis tests were used in statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: 49.3% of the participants reported having COVID-19, and 90.6% had received at least one dose of vaccination against COVID-19. 26.2% of the participants stated that they needed psychological support before. The mean fear scale score of the participants was 12.61±5.70, while the mean Beck depression scale score was 9.83±8.14. A low-level, positive and significant relationship was found between depression and fear of COVID-19. Fear of COVID-19 was significantly higher in women than in men, in married women than in single women, and in patients with chronic diseases than in those without chronic diseases. The prevalence of mild-moderate-severe depressive symptoms was significantly higher in women than in men, in those with chronic illness than in those without, and in those with poor and moderate economic status than in those with good economic status.
Conclusion: The study shows that fear of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms may be higher in vulnerable groups and that different groups may be affected psychosocially at different levels by pandemic conditions. It is necessary to provide the necessary psychosocial support for individuals affected by the pandemic in the community and community mental health activities should not be interrupted. Community health should be approached from a holistic and pluralistic perspective, and vulnerable groups should be taken into consideration in the health strategies developed.
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, fear, depression, Beck

Keywords

COVID-19, pandemic, fear, depression, Beck

Aile sağliği merkezine başvuran yetişkin bireylerde COVID-19 korkusu ve depresif belirti düzeyi arasındaki ilişki

Abstract

ÖZET
Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisi enfeksiyon ve ölüm riskinin yanında; bireylerde değişen düzeylerde psikolojik etkilere, stres tepkilerine ve depresif belirtilere sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışmada aile sağlığı merkezlerine başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde COVID-19 korkusu ve depresif belirti düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve demografik özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal-Metot: Kesitsel tipte planlanan bu araştırma 2022 yılı ağustos ayında aile sağlığı merkezlerine başvuran 18 yaş ve üstü bireylerde yapıldı. Yüz yüze uygulanan anket formu tanımlayıcı sorular ile COVID-19 Korku Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeğinden oluşmaktaydı. Veriler Kocasinan, Melikgazi, Talas ilçelerinde bulunan aile sağlığı merkezlerinde toplandı. Örneklem büyüklüğü 657 kişi olarak hesaplandı ve araştırma 799 kişi ile tamamlandı. İstatistiksel analizlerde ANOVA, t testi, Pearson Kikare testi ve korelasyon analizi testleri kullanıldı ve p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %49,3’ü COVID-19 geçirdiğini, %90,6’sı da en az bir doz COVID-19’a karşı aşı olduğunu belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların %26,2’si daha önce psikolojik desteğe ihtiyaç duyduğunu belirmiştir. Katılımcıların korku ölçeği puanı ortalaması 12,61±5,70 iken, Beck depresyon ölçeği puanı ortalaması 9,83±8,14 bulunmuştur. Depresyon ile COVID-19 korkusu arasında düşük düzeyde, pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. COVID-19 korkusu; kadınlarda erkeklerden, evlilerde bekarlardan ve kronik hastalığı olanlarda olmayanlardan anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Hafif-orta-şiddetli depresif belirti görülme sıklığı minimal depresif bulgulara göre kadınlarda erkeklerden, kronik hastalığı olanlarda olmayanlardan, ekonomik durumu kötü ve orta olanlarda iyi olanlardan anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Çalışma COVID-19 korkusu ve depresif belirtilerin hassas gruplarda daha yüksek düzeyde olabileceğini ve farklı grupların, pandemi şartlarından, psikososyal olarak farklı düzeylerde etkilenebileceğini göstermektedir. Pandemide toplumunda etkilenen bireyler için gerekli psikososyal desteğin sağlanması ile birlikte toplum ruh sağlığı çalışmalarının aksatılmaması gerekmektedir. Toplum sağlığına bütüncül ve çoğulcu bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşılmalı, geliştirilen sağlık stratejilerinde toplumun geneliyle birlikte hassas gruplar da göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, pandemi, korku, depresyon, Beck

Keywords

COVID-19, pandemi, korku, depresyon, Beck

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