Investigation of depression and agoraphobia as psychiatric comorbidity in epileptic patients

Year 2020, , 67 - 70, 31.12.2020

Miruna Florentina Ateş İpek Midi

https://doi.org/10.35514/mtd.2021.32

Abstract

Aim: Psychiatric comorbidity in epileptic patients is quite frequent. Our study was designed to investigate depression, anxiety, social phobia, agoraphobia in cases of epilepsy.
Materials and Methods: A total of 150 epileptic patients and 70 controls were ran-domly enrolled to study. Beck depression inventory (BDI), Liebowitz social phobia scale (LSPS) and Panic agoraphobia scale (PAS) were applied to groups.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 34±10 years, the number of male-female was 56/94, whereas the control group’s mean age was 33±10 years, number of male-female was 29/41. The duration of disease was more than 10 years in 44.7% of pa-tients and 60.67% was treated with monotherapy.
In the patient group, BDI was found to be 15.18 ± 12.25 and 10.87 ± 9.06 in the control group (p = 0.0038). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of LSPS. When the groups were evaluated according to PAS, agoraphobia findings were found in 29.33% of the patients and 24% of the control group (p = 0.002). The rate of agoraphobia was found to be 84% in females in the patient group.
Conclusion: Depression and agoraphobia were more common in epileptic patients than in the control group, and the rate of agoraphobia was higher in women.

Keywords

Epilepsy, depression, social phobia, agoraphobia

Epileptik hastalarda psikiyatrik komorbidite olarak depresyon ve agorafobinin araştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Epileptik hastalarda psikiyatrik komorbiditeler oldukça sıktır. Çalışmamız epilepsi vakalarında depresyon, anksiyete, sosyal fobi, agorafobi araştırmak için tasarlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metodlar: Toplam 150 epileptik hasta ve 70 kontrol çalışmaya rastgele kaydedildi. Gruplara Beck depresyon envanteri (BDI), Liebowitz sosyal fobi ölçeği (LSPS) ve Panik agorafobi ölçeği (PAS) uygulandı.
Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 34 ± 10yıl, erkek-kadın oranı 56/94, kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması 33 ± 10 yıl, erkek-kadın sayısı 29/41 idi. Hastaların % 44.7’sinde hastalık süresi 10 yıldan fazlaydı ve % 60.67'si monoterapi almaktaydı. Hasta grubunda BDI 15.18 ± 12.25, kontrol grubunda 10.87 ± 9.06 bulunmuştur (p = 0.0038). LSPS açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Gruplar PAS'a göre değerlendirildiğinde, hastaların % 29.33'ünde, kontrol grubunun % 24'ünde agorafobi bulguları saptanmıştır (p = 0.002). Agorafobi oranı hasta grubunda kadınlarda% 84 olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Depresyon ve agorafobi epileptik hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre daha sık görülmüştür ve kadınlarda agorafobi oranı daha yüksek saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Epilepsi, depresyon, sosyal fobi, agorafobi

References

• 1. Guekht AB, Mitrokhina TV, Lebedeva AV, Dzugaeva FK, Milchakova LE, Lokshina OB et al. Factors influencing on quality of life in people with epilepsy. Seizure 2007;16:128-33. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2006.10.011
• 2. Loring DW, Meador KJ, Lee GP. Determinants of quality of life in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2004;5:976-80. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.08.019
• 3. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
• 4. Soykan C, Ozgüven HD, Gençöz T. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: the Turkish version. Psychol Rep 2003;93:1059-69. DOI:10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1059
• 5. Tural U, Fidane H, Alkin T, Bandelow B. Assessing the severity of panic disorder and agoraphobia: Validity, reliability and objectivity of the Turkish translation of the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale. J Anxiety Disord 2002;16:331-340. DOI:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00104-4
• 6. Hornik K. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 2.1 in What is R? 2016: https://cran.r-project.org/doc/FAQ/R-FAQ.html#What-is-R_003f.
• 7. Vance A. "Data Analysts Captivated by R's Power". 2009 [cited [Okunma : 01.11.2016].
• 8. Raguraman JW. Unravelling the psychological shadows of epilepsy. JK Practitioner 2006;13:248-50.
• 9. Gilliam FG, Santos J, Vahle V, Carter J, Brown K, Hecimovic H. Depression in epilepsy: ignoring clinical expression of neuronal network dysfunction? Epilepsia 2004;45:28-33. DOI:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.452005.x
• 10. Uysal S, Erener Ercan T. Epilepsi, spor, psikososyal yaşam. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 2005; 40: 68-71. DOI:10.5222/J.GOZTEPETRH.2011.27
• 11. Suurmeijer TP, Reuvekamp MF, Aldenkamp BP. Social functioning, psychological functioning, and quality of life in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42(9): 1160-8. DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.37000.x
• 12. Krishnamoorthy ES, Trimble MR, Blumer D. The classification of neuropsychiatric disorders in epilepsy: a proposal by the ILAE Commission on Psychobiology of Epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2007; 10: 349-53. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.10.002
• 13. Hermann BP, Whitman S. Behavioral and personality correlates of epilepsy: a review, methodological critique, and conceptual model. Psychol Bull 1984;95:451-97. PMID: 6399754.
• 14. Robertson MM, Trimble MR, Townsend HR. Phenomenology of depression in epilepsy. Epilepsia 1987;28:364-72. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03659.x
• 15. Akçalı A, Altındağ A, Geyik S, Cansel N. Epilepsi hastalarında yaşam kalitesi, depresyon, anksiyete ve çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi Dergisi 2009;46:91-97. PMID : 2009-18111-002
• 16. Mula M. Epilepsy and Depression: Clinical Problems and Therapeutic Approaches. Epilepsi 2012;18:1-8. DOI: 10.5505/epilepsy.2012.42714
• 17. Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Socioeconomic and occupational risk factors for epilepsy: a nationwide epidemiological study in Sweden. Seizure 2008;17:254-60. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2007.07.011