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Scoliosis Ethiopathonenesis: Changing Paradigms Through The Evidence

Year 2016, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 5, 01.08.2016

Abstract

Scoliosis defined as side curvatures of the spine, is a deformity investigated since ancient times but without definitive findings. Although easily diagnosed clinically and radiologically, it's difficult to clarify the etiology and treatment. Many theories have been proposed regarding the etiology. However, studies at molecular level and genetic studies have shown complex etiology but not helped for a permanent treatment plan. Ahead of, treatment modalities concerning calmodulin, gene therapy or melatonin will revive non-invasive cures.

References

  • Ay S, Ergin S. Skolyoz. Romatizma 2006; 21: 27-30
  • Şar C. Lomber Omurganın Anatomik Özellikleri. Öz- can E, Ketenci A, editors. Bel Ağrısı Tanı ve Tedavi. İstanbul: Nobel Kitabevi, 2002: 9-19.
  • Müslümanoğlu L. Bel Ağrısı Nedenleri. Özcan E, Ket- enci A, editors. Bel Ağrısı Tanı ve Tedavi. İstanbul: No- bel Kitabevi, 2002: 147-183.
  • Demirkıran HG., Büyükdoğan K., Acaroğlu E.Adöle- san idiopatik skolyozun patogenezindeki temel teo- riler. The Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery. 2012; 23 (1): 51-70
  • Ponseti IV, Friedman B. Prognosis in idiopathic scolio- sis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1950;32-A:381-395
  • King HA, Moe JH, Bradford DS, Winter RB. The selec- tion of fusion levels in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1983;65-A:1302-1313
  • Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, et al. Adolescent idio- pathic scoliosis a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2001;83- A:1169-1181.
  • Nash CL Jr, Moe JH. A study of vertebral rotation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1969;51- A:223-229
  • Poncet P, Dansereau J, Labelle H. Geometric tor- sion in idiopathic scoliosis: threedimensional anal- ysis and proposal for a new classification. Spine 2001;26:2235-2243.
  • Kuru O. Skolyoz. In: Gökçe Kutsal Y, Beyazova M, editors. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Cilt 2. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi, 2000: 2492-2506.
  • Benli İT, Çapar B, Çamuşcu S. Erişkin yaş grubu hast- alarda idiopatik skolyoz prevalansı ve sırt ağrısı ile korelasyonu. The Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery 2012; 23 (3):187-196
  • Akel I, Kocak O, Bozkurt G, Alanay A, Marcucio R, Acaroglu E. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on experimental scoliosis: a pinealectomized chicken model. Spine 2009; 34(6): 533-538.
  • Miller NH, Justice CM, Marosy B, et al. Identification of candidate regions for familial idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2005; 30: 1181–1187.
  • Chan V, Fong GCY, Luk KDK, et al. (2002) A genet- ic locus for adolescent AIS linked to chromosome 19p13.3. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71: 401–406.
  • Miller NH, Marosy B, Justice C, et al. Genetic loci for kyphoscoliosis on chromosome 5p13, 13q13.3, and 13q32. Am J Med Genet 2006; 140: 1059–1068.
  • Miller NH, Mims B, Child A, Milewicz DM, Sponseller P, Blanton SH. Genetic analysis of structural elastic fiber and collagen genes in familial adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Orthop Res 1996; 14: 994–999.
  • Gorman KF , Julien C, Moreau A. The genetic epide- miology of idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J (2012) 21:1905–1919
  • Hung VW, Qin L, Cheung CS, et al. Osteopenia: a new prognostic factor of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.J Bone Joint Surg 2005; 87-A: 2709–2716.
  • Lucas DB, Bresler B. Stability of the ligamentous spine. Vol 40. San Francisco, CA: University of Cali- fornia, Biomechanics Laboratory; 1961.
  • Spencer GS, Eccles MJ. Spinal muscle in scoliosis part 2.the proportion and size of type 1 and type 2 skel- etalmuscle fibersmeasured using a computer-con- trolled microscope. J Neurol Sci 1976; 30: 143-154.
  • Pincott JR, Davies JS, Taffs LF. Scoliosis caused by sec- tion of dorsal spinal nerve roots. J Bone Joint Surg 1984;66-B: 27–29.
  • Yamada K, Yamamoto H, Nakagawa Y, et al. Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Orthop 1984; 184: 50–57.
  • Porter RW. Idiopathic scoliosis: the relation between the vertebral canal and the vertebal bodies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Jun 1;25(11):1360-1366.
  • Misol S, Ponseti IV, Samaan N, Bradbury JT. Growth hormone blood levels in patients with AIS. Clin Or- thop 1971; 81: 122–125.
  • Snders JO, Browne RH, Cooney TE, Finegold DN, Mc- Connell SJ, Margraf SA. Correlates of the peak height velocity in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2006; 31: 2289–2295.
  • Skogland LB, Miller JAA. Growth related hormones in idiopathic scoliosis. Acta Orthop Scand 1980; 51: 779–789.
  • Hueter C. Anatomische Studien an den Extremitae- tengelenken Neugeborener und Erwachsener.Vir- chows Archiv Path Anat Physiol 1862; 25: 572–599.
  • Volkmann R. Verletzungen und Krankenheiten der Bewegungsorgane. In: Pitha-Billroth, editors. Hand- buch der allgemeinen und speciellen Chirurgie Bd II Teil II. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke; 1882.
  • Enneking WF, Harrington P. Pathological changes in scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1969; 51-A: 165–184.
  • Azeddine B, Letellier K, Wang DS, Moldovan F, Moreau A. Molecular determinants of melatonin sig- naling dysfunction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 462: 45–52.
  • Von Gall C, Stehle JH, Weaver DR. Mammalian mel- atonin receptors:molecular biology and signal trans- duction. Cell Tissue Res 2002; 309: 151–162.
  • Kindsfater K, Lowe T, Lawellin D, Weinstein D, Akmak- jian J. Levels of platelet calmodulin for the prediction of progression and severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.J Bone Joint Surg 1994; 76-A: 1186-1192.
  • Akel I, Demirkıran G, Alanay A, Karahan S, Marcucio R, Acaroglu R. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on scoliosis: bipedal C57BL/6 mice model. Eur Spine J 2009; 18: 499–505.
  • Akel I, Kocak O, Bozkurt G, Alanay A, Marcucio R, Acaroglu E. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on experimental scoliosis: a pinealectomized chicken model. Spine 2009;34(6): 533-538.
  • Grivas TB, Burwell RG, Mihas C, Vasiliadis ES, Trian- tafyllopoulosG, Kaspiris A. Relatively lower body mass index is associated with an excess of severe truncal asymmetry in healthy adolescents: Do white adipose tissue, leptin, hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system influence truncal growth asymmetry? Scolio- sis 2009, 4:13

Skolyoz Etiyopatojenezi: Kanıtlara Göre Değişen Paradigmalar

Year 2016, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 5, 01.08.2016

Abstract

Omurganın yana olarak eğrilikleri olarak tanımlanan skolyoz, eski zamanlardan beri sebebi araştırılan ancak henüz kesin bulgular elde edilemeyen bir vücut deformitesidir. Klinik ve radyolojik olarak kolayca tanı konabilmesine rağmen, etyolojiyi aydınlatabilmek ve tedavi edebilmek o kadar kolay olamamaktadır. Etyoloji ile ilgili birçok teori öne sürülmüştür. Ancak zaman içinde moleküler seviyede bir takım çalışmalar, genetik araştırmalar etyolojinin kompleks bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiş olmakla birlikte kalıcı tedavi planı oluşturulmasında pek bir fayda sağlayamamıştır. İlerleyen zamanlarda gen tedavileri veya kalmodulin, melatonin gibi bir takım moleküller üzerinden yapılacak tedaviler girişimsel olmayan ve kalıcı tedavileri gündeme getirebilir

References

  • Ay S, Ergin S. Skolyoz. Romatizma 2006; 21: 27-30
  • Şar C. Lomber Omurganın Anatomik Özellikleri. Öz- can E, Ketenci A, editors. Bel Ağrısı Tanı ve Tedavi. İstanbul: Nobel Kitabevi, 2002: 9-19.
  • Müslümanoğlu L. Bel Ağrısı Nedenleri. Özcan E, Ket- enci A, editors. Bel Ağrısı Tanı ve Tedavi. İstanbul: No- bel Kitabevi, 2002: 147-183.
  • Demirkıran HG., Büyükdoğan K., Acaroğlu E.Adöle- san idiopatik skolyozun patogenezindeki temel teo- riler. The Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery. 2012; 23 (1): 51-70
  • Ponseti IV, Friedman B. Prognosis in idiopathic scolio- sis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1950;32-A:381-395
  • King HA, Moe JH, Bradford DS, Winter RB. The selec- tion of fusion levels in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1983;65-A:1302-1313
  • Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, et al. Adolescent idio- pathic scoliosis a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2001;83- A:1169-1181.
  • Nash CL Jr, Moe JH. A study of vertebral rotation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1969;51- A:223-229
  • Poncet P, Dansereau J, Labelle H. Geometric tor- sion in idiopathic scoliosis: threedimensional anal- ysis and proposal for a new classification. Spine 2001;26:2235-2243.
  • Kuru O. Skolyoz. In: Gökçe Kutsal Y, Beyazova M, editors. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Cilt 2. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi, 2000: 2492-2506.
  • Benli İT, Çapar B, Çamuşcu S. Erişkin yaş grubu hast- alarda idiopatik skolyoz prevalansı ve sırt ağrısı ile korelasyonu. The Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery 2012; 23 (3):187-196
  • Akel I, Kocak O, Bozkurt G, Alanay A, Marcucio R, Acaroglu E. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on experimental scoliosis: a pinealectomized chicken model. Spine 2009; 34(6): 533-538.
  • Miller NH, Justice CM, Marosy B, et al. Identification of candidate regions for familial idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2005; 30: 1181–1187.
  • Chan V, Fong GCY, Luk KDK, et al. (2002) A genet- ic locus for adolescent AIS linked to chromosome 19p13.3. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71: 401–406.
  • Miller NH, Marosy B, Justice C, et al. Genetic loci for kyphoscoliosis on chromosome 5p13, 13q13.3, and 13q32. Am J Med Genet 2006; 140: 1059–1068.
  • Miller NH, Mims B, Child A, Milewicz DM, Sponseller P, Blanton SH. Genetic analysis of structural elastic fiber and collagen genes in familial adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Orthop Res 1996; 14: 994–999.
  • Gorman KF , Julien C, Moreau A. The genetic epide- miology of idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J (2012) 21:1905–1919
  • Hung VW, Qin L, Cheung CS, et al. Osteopenia: a new prognostic factor of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.J Bone Joint Surg 2005; 87-A: 2709–2716.
  • Lucas DB, Bresler B. Stability of the ligamentous spine. Vol 40. San Francisco, CA: University of Cali- fornia, Biomechanics Laboratory; 1961.
  • Spencer GS, Eccles MJ. Spinal muscle in scoliosis part 2.the proportion and size of type 1 and type 2 skel- etalmuscle fibersmeasured using a computer-con- trolled microscope. J Neurol Sci 1976; 30: 143-154.
  • Pincott JR, Davies JS, Taffs LF. Scoliosis caused by sec- tion of dorsal spinal nerve roots. J Bone Joint Surg 1984;66-B: 27–29.
  • Yamada K, Yamamoto H, Nakagawa Y, et al. Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Orthop 1984; 184: 50–57.
  • Porter RW. Idiopathic scoliosis: the relation between the vertebral canal and the vertebal bodies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Jun 1;25(11):1360-1366.
  • Misol S, Ponseti IV, Samaan N, Bradbury JT. Growth hormone blood levels in patients with AIS. Clin Or- thop 1971; 81: 122–125.
  • Snders JO, Browne RH, Cooney TE, Finegold DN, Mc- Connell SJ, Margraf SA. Correlates of the peak height velocity in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2006; 31: 2289–2295.
  • Skogland LB, Miller JAA. Growth related hormones in idiopathic scoliosis. Acta Orthop Scand 1980; 51: 779–789.
  • Hueter C. Anatomische Studien an den Extremitae- tengelenken Neugeborener und Erwachsener.Vir- chows Archiv Path Anat Physiol 1862; 25: 572–599.
  • Volkmann R. Verletzungen und Krankenheiten der Bewegungsorgane. In: Pitha-Billroth, editors. Hand- buch der allgemeinen und speciellen Chirurgie Bd II Teil II. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke; 1882.
  • Enneking WF, Harrington P. Pathological changes in scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1969; 51-A: 165–184.
  • Azeddine B, Letellier K, Wang DS, Moldovan F, Moreau A. Molecular determinants of melatonin sig- naling dysfunction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 462: 45–52.
  • Von Gall C, Stehle JH, Weaver DR. Mammalian mel- atonin receptors:molecular biology and signal trans- duction. Cell Tissue Res 2002; 309: 151–162.
  • Kindsfater K, Lowe T, Lawellin D, Weinstein D, Akmak- jian J. Levels of platelet calmodulin for the prediction of progression and severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.J Bone Joint Surg 1994; 76-A: 1186-1192.
  • Akel I, Demirkıran G, Alanay A, Karahan S, Marcucio R, Acaroglu R. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on scoliosis: bipedal C57BL/6 mice model. Eur Spine J 2009; 18: 499–505.
  • Akel I, Kocak O, Bozkurt G, Alanay A, Marcucio R, Acaroglu E. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on experimental scoliosis: a pinealectomized chicken model. Spine 2009;34(6): 533-538.
  • Grivas TB, Burwell RG, Mihas C, Vasiliadis ES, Trian- tafyllopoulosG, Kaspiris A. Relatively lower body mass index is associated with an excess of severe truncal asymmetry in healthy adolescents: Do white adipose tissue, leptin, hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system influence truncal growth asymmetry? Scolio- sis 2009, 4:13
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Kerem Alptekin This is me

İbrahim Halil Ural This is me

Mehmet Toprak This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Alptekin K, Ural İH, Toprak M. Scoliosis Ethiopathonenesis: Changing Paradigms Through The Evidence. Maltepe tıp derg. 2016;8(2):1-5.