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Analysis of External Ear Morphometry in University Students

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 69 - 73, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.35514/mtd.2024.114

Abstract

Aim: We aim to obtain data for our society by comparing the auricula's right and left morphometric measurements according to sex and side.
Material and Methods: Our study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 60 healthy individuals (30 female, 30 male) between the ages of 18 and 26 studying at Amasya University Health Services Vocational School. Ear measurements of individuals with no anomalies related to the outer ear and who had not undergone surgery or trauma were made using a digital carbon fiber caliper. The measurement results were stated in mm.
Results: The right PAL, PAW, and MAL measurement results and the left PAL and PAW measurement results of males were statistically higher than those of females. Other parameters were not statistically different in males and females. The variables' right and left side values were not statistically different in the whole group, in males and females.
Conclusion: We believe that knowing the dimensions of the auricula will be important in surgical procedures and in determining sex and identity.

References

  • 1.Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi 1. cilt, 6.baskı, Ankara: Güneş kitapevleri, 2016:370-371.
  • 2.Ozan H. Ozan Anatomi. Ankara: Klinisyen tıp Kitapevleri, 2014
  • 3.Standring S. Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th Edition, Londra: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2008:618-630.
  • 4.Sadler WT. Langman’s medical embriyoloji. 12th. edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer, 2012:325-327.
  • 5.Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 5th. edition, Philadelphia: Saunders, Elsevier. 2014:29-30/37.
  • 6.Som PM, Curtin HD, Liu K, Mafee MF. Current embryology of the temporal bone, part II: the middle and external ears, the statoacoustic and facial nerves, and when things go developmentally wrong. Neurographics 6 (September (5)). 2016: 332-349.
  • 7.Moore LK, Persuad NVT, Torchia MG, 2016. Klinik yönleriyle insan embriyolojisi, 10. Baskı, Çev. Ed. Dalçık H, İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, s. 428-436.
  • 8.Kalcioglu MT, Miman MC, Toplu Y, Yakinci C, Ozturan O. Anthropometric growth study of normal human auricle. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(11):1169-1177.
  • 9.Ito I, Imada M, Ikeda M, Sueno K, Arikuni T, Kida A. A morphological study of age changes in adult human auricular cartilage with special emphasis on elastic fibers. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(5):881-886.
  • 10.Niemitz C, Nibbrig M, Zacher V. Human ears grow throughout the entire lifetime according to complicated and sexually dimorphic patterns--conclusions from a cross-sectional analysis. Anthropol Anz. 2007;65(4):391-413.
  • 11.Arbab-Zavar B, Wei X, Bustard JD, Nixon MS, Li C-T. On forensic use of biometrics. In: Anthony TS, Shujun L (eds) Handbook of Digital Forensics of multimedia data and devices. England, John Wiley & Sons. 2015:270-304.
  • 12.Brucker MJ, Patel J, Sullivan PK; Department of Plastic Surgery, Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, 02905, USA. A morphometric study of the external ear: age- and sex-related differences. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112(2):647-52; discussion 653-654.
  • 13.Alexander KS, Stott DJ, Sivakumar B, Kang N. A morphometric study of the human ear. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(1):41-47.
  • 14.Sforza C, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM, Ferrario VF. Morphometry of the ear in Down's syndrome subjects. A three-dimensional computerized assessment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(5):480-486.
  • 15.Demir M, Atay E, Tümer MK, Çiçek M, Gül A, Altındağ A, Dokur M, Acer N. Şizofreni Hastalarının Kraniyofasiyal Morfometrisi. Ann Health Sci Res. 2017;6(2):10-18.
  • 16.Zhao H, Ma L, Qi X, Qin J, Yin B, Zhong M, et al. A Morphometric Study of the Newborn Ear and an Analysis of Factors Related to Congenital Auricular Deformities. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(1):147-155.
  • 17.Kapil V, Bhawana J, Vikas K. Morphological variation of ear for individual identification in forensic cases: a study of an Indian population. Res J Forensic Sci. 2014;2(1),1-8.
  • 18.Erdem S, Fazliogullari Z, Ural A, Karabulut AK, Unver Dogan N. External ear anatomy and variations in neonates. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2022;62(5):208-216.
  • 19.Özkoçak V, Özdemir F. Anadolu Erkeklerinde sağ ve sol kulak kepçesinin yaşa göre değişimi. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 2018;13(18):1047-1058.
  • 20.Kumar B.S, Selvi GP. Morphometry of ear pinna in sex determination. Int J Anat Res. 2016;4(2):2480-2484.
  • 21.Rani D, Krishan K, Sahani R, Baryah N, Kanchan T. Variability in human external ear anthropometry- Anthropological and forensic applications. Clin Ter. 2021;22;172(6):531-541.
  • 22.Açar G. Sağlıklı genç gönüllülerde dış kulak morfometrisinin foto analizi ile boy, cinsiyet ve vüçut kitle indeksi arasındaki korelasyonun incelenmesi. Dünya Sağlık Ve Tabiat Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;4(1):12-22.
  • 23.Sforza C, Grandi G, Binelli M, Tommasi DG, Rosati R, Ferrario VF. Age- and sex-related changes in the normal human ear. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;30;187(1-3):110.e1-7.
  • 24.Kelly BD, Lane A, Agartz I, Henriksson KM, McNeil TF. Craniofacial dysmorphology in Swedish schizophrenia patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;111(3):202-207.
  • 25.Kondhula S, Archana A. Morphometric study of external ear of medical students. Int J Anat Res. 2018; 6(3.3):5722-5725.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Dış Kulak Morfometrisinin Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 69 - 73, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.35514/mtd.2024.114

Abstract

Amaç: Auricula’nın sağ ve sol morfometrik ölçümlerini cinsiyete ve tarafa göre karşılaştırarak kendi toplumumuza ait veriler elde etmeyi amaçlamaktayız.
Materyal ve Metodlar: Çalışmamız Amasya Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören 18-26 yaş arası 60 sağlıklı bireyin (30 kadın, 30 erkek) gönüllü katılımı ile gerçekleşmiştir. Dış kulak ile ilgili herhangi bir anomalisi olmayan, cerrahi ya da travma geçirmemiş bireylerin kulak ölçümleri digital karbon fiber kaliper kullanılarak yapıldı. Ölçüm sonuçları mm cinsinden belirtildi.
Bulgular: Erkeklerin sağ FAU, FAG, MAU ölçüm sonuçları ile sol FAU ve FAG ölçüm sonuçları kadınlara göre istatistiksel olarak yüksekti. Diğer parametreler kadın ve erkeklerde istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi. Tüm grupta, erkeklerde ve kadınlarda değişkenlerin sağ ve sol taraf değerleri istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi.
Sonuç: Auricula’nın boyutlarının bilinmesi cerrahi işlemelerde, cinsiyet ve kimlik tayininde önemli olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Ethical Statement

Permission was obtained from the Amasya University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee, with the decision numbered 2024/82.

Supporting Institution

yok

Thanks

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References

  • 1.Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi 1. cilt, 6.baskı, Ankara: Güneş kitapevleri, 2016:370-371.
  • 2.Ozan H. Ozan Anatomi. Ankara: Klinisyen tıp Kitapevleri, 2014
  • 3.Standring S. Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th Edition, Londra: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2008:618-630.
  • 4.Sadler WT. Langman’s medical embriyoloji. 12th. edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer, 2012:325-327.
  • 5.Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 5th. edition, Philadelphia: Saunders, Elsevier. 2014:29-30/37.
  • 6.Som PM, Curtin HD, Liu K, Mafee MF. Current embryology of the temporal bone, part II: the middle and external ears, the statoacoustic and facial nerves, and when things go developmentally wrong. Neurographics 6 (September (5)). 2016: 332-349.
  • 7.Moore LK, Persuad NVT, Torchia MG, 2016. Klinik yönleriyle insan embriyolojisi, 10. Baskı, Çev. Ed. Dalçık H, İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, s. 428-436.
  • 8.Kalcioglu MT, Miman MC, Toplu Y, Yakinci C, Ozturan O. Anthropometric growth study of normal human auricle. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(11):1169-1177.
  • 9.Ito I, Imada M, Ikeda M, Sueno K, Arikuni T, Kida A. A morphological study of age changes in adult human auricular cartilage with special emphasis on elastic fibers. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(5):881-886.
  • 10.Niemitz C, Nibbrig M, Zacher V. Human ears grow throughout the entire lifetime according to complicated and sexually dimorphic patterns--conclusions from a cross-sectional analysis. Anthropol Anz. 2007;65(4):391-413.
  • 11.Arbab-Zavar B, Wei X, Bustard JD, Nixon MS, Li C-T. On forensic use of biometrics. In: Anthony TS, Shujun L (eds) Handbook of Digital Forensics of multimedia data and devices. England, John Wiley & Sons. 2015:270-304.
  • 12.Brucker MJ, Patel J, Sullivan PK; Department of Plastic Surgery, Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, 02905, USA. A morphometric study of the external ear: age- and sex-related differences. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112(2):647-52; discussion 653-654.
  • 13.Alexander KS, Stott DJ, Sivakumar B, Kang N. A morphometric study of the human ear. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(1):41-47.
  • 14.Sforza C, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM, Ferrario VF. Morphometry of the ear in Down's syndrome subjects. A three-dimensional computerized assessment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(5):480-486.
  • 15.Demir M, Atay E, Tümer MK, Çiçek M, Gül A, Altındağ A, Dokur M, Acer N. Şizofreni Hastalarının Kraniyofasiyal Morfometrisi. Ann Health Sci Res. 2017;6(2):10-18.
  • 16.Zhao H, Ma L, Qi X, Qin J, Yin B, Zhong M, et al. A Morphometric Study of the Newborn Ear and an Analysis of Factors Related to Congenital Auricular Deformities. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(1):147-155.
  • 17.Kapil V, Bhawana J, Vikas K. Morphological variation of ear for individual identification in forensic cases: a study of an Indian population. Res J Forensic Sci. 2014;2(1),1-8.
  • 18.Erdem S, Fazliogullari Z, Ural A, Karabulut AK, Unver Dogan N. External ear anatomy and variations in neonates. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2022;62(5):208-216.
  • 19.Özkoçak V, Özdemir F. Anadolu Erkeklerinde sağ ve sol kulak kepçesinin yaşa göre değişimi. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 2018;13(18):1047-1058.
  • 20.Kumar B.S, Selvi GP. Morphometry of ear pinna in sex determination. Int J Anat Res. 2016;4(2):2480-2484.
  • 21.Rani D, Krishan K, Sahani R, Baryah N, Kanchan T. Variability in human external ear anthropometry- Anthropological and forensic applications. Clin Ter. 2021;22;172(6):531-541.
  • 22.Açar G. Sağlıklı genç gönüllülerde dış kulak morfometrisinin foto analizi ile boy, cinsiyet ve vüçut kitle indeksi arasındaki korelasyonun incelenmesi. Dünya Sağlık Ve Tabiat Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;4(1):12-22.
  • 23.Sforza C, Grandi G, Binelli M, Tommasi DG, Rosati R, Ferrario VF. Age- and sex-related changes in the normal human ear. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;30;187(1-3):110.e1-7.
  • 24.Kelly BD, Lane A, Agartz I, Henriksson KM, McNeil TF. Craniofacial dysmorphology in Swedish schizophrenia patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;111(3):202-207.
  • 25.Kondhula S, Archana A. Morphometric study of external ear of medical students. Int J Anat Res. 2018; 6(3.3):5722-5725.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Otorhinolaryngology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nihal Gürlek Çelik 0000-0002-1204-2668

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date November 16, 2024
Acceptance Date November 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Gürlek Çelik N. Analysis of External Ear Morphometry in University Students. Maltepe tıp derg. 2024;16(3):69-73.