Development of Nephelometric Α1-At Method and its Performance Characteristics

Abstract

α1-AT, a glycoprotein of molecular mass of 52 kDa, is a major plasma serine protease inhibitor serpin . α1-AT plays a central role as a protease inhibitor in controlling tissue degradation. As a major protease inhibitor in human plasma, α1-AT can complex with a broad spectrum of proteases including elastase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, and bacterial leukocyte elastase. α1-AT is an acute phase reactant whose plasma concentration can rise by 3 to 4-fold above normal during inflammation, infection and malignant disease. α1-AT deficiency, one of the most common hereditary disorders, mainly affects the liver and lung [1,2]. The concentrations of α1-AT in plasma can be measured either by functional assays or by immunochemical methods. Functional assays evaluate inhibition of trypsin or elastase. Immunologic methods include radial immunodiffusion, electroimmunoassay and automated nephelometric methods.

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