KIRGIZİSTAN’DA TURİZMİN GELİŞMESİNDEKİ ENGELLER

Year 2009, Volume: 11 Issue: 22, 239 - 248, 01.10.2009

Mehmet Yeşıltaş

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Kırgızistan turizminin gelişmesine etki eden engeller tartışılmıştır. Bu engelleri ortaya koyabilmek için Kırgız turizm endüstrisi incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda ortaya çıkan bulgulara göre Kırgızistan’ın özellikle kış ve macera turizmi olmak üzere büyük bir turizm potansiyeline sahip olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bir başka bulgu ise Issık Göl Orta Asya’nın merkezinde Kırgızistan için resort turizm potansiyeli sunmaktadır. Kırgızistan turizm potansiyeline sahip olmakla beraber bu potansiyelin değerlendirilmesine etki eden birtakım engeller mevcuttur. Bu engeller şunlardır; turizmin mevsimsellik özelliği göstermesi, kısıtlı pazar, nitelikli personel eksikliği, yeterli sayıda modern konaklama işletmelerinin olmaması. Çalışmanın son bölümünde bu engellerle baş etmek için birtakım öneriler ortaya konmuştur

Keywords

Kırgızistan, turizm, gelişme, engel

OBSTACLES TO THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN

Abstract

This study aims to discuss main obstacles to the tourism development in Kyrgyzstan. In this study the Kyrgyz tourism industry has been examined. It is found that Kyrgyzstan has a great tourism potential especially for winter and adventure tourism. Moreover, the country has also potential for resort tourism with its beautiful Issık Kul Lake in the middle of Central Asia. Analysis of tourism development shows that although the country has potential for tourism development, there are obstacles for this development. These are seasonality of tourism, limited market, shortages of qualified human resources, lack of sufficient number of modern accommodation establishments and political unrest. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to overcome these barriers

Keywords

Kyrgyzstan, tourism development, obstacle

References

• Akama, J. S & Kieti, D. M. (2003) Measuring tourist satisfaction with Kenya's wildlife safari: a case study of Tsavo West National Park. Tourism Management, 24 (1), 73-81
• Archer, B. & Fletcher, J. (1996) The economic impact of tourism in the Seychelles.
• Annals of Tourism Research, 23 (1), 32-47
• Brunt, P. & Courtney, P. (1999) Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts. Annals of
• Tourism Research, 26 (3), 493-515
• Butler, R. W. (1974) The social implications of tourist developments. Annals of
• Tourism Research, 2 (2), 100-111
• Cohen, E. (1978) The impact of tourism on the physical environment. Annals of
• Tourism Research, 5 (2), 215-237
• Dieke, P. U. C. (1991) Policies for tourism development in Kenya. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(2), 269-294
• Nikolaos, D. (2004) Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: an empirical investigation for Greece using causality analysis. Tourism Economics, 10 (3), 305-316
• Dogan, H. Z. (1989) Forms of adjustment: Sociocultural impacts of tourism. Annals of
• Tourism Research, 16 (2), 216-236
• Frechtling, D. C. & Horvath, E. (1999) Estimating the Multiplier Effects of Tourism
• Expenditures on a Local Economy through a Regional Input-Output Model. Journal of Travel Research, 37 (4), 324-332
• Green, H; Hunter, C. & Moore, B. (1990) Assessing the environmental impact of tourism development: Use of the Delphi technique. Tourism Management, 11 (2), 111-120
• Holder, J. S. (1988) Pattern and impact of tourism on the environment of the Caribbean. Tourism Management, 9(2), 119-127
• Jafari, J. (1974) The socio-economic costs of tourism to developing countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 1 (7), 227-262
• Jenkins, C. L. (1982) The effects of scale in tourism projects in developing countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 9 (2), 229-249
• King, B; Pizam, A & Milman, A. (1993) Social impacts of tourism: Host perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 20 (4), 650-665
• KSATS. (2001) Development of the Tourism Sector of the Kyrgyz Republic Until 2010
• Bishkek: Kyrgyz State Agency of Tourism and Sport. Liu, J; Var, T. & Timur, A. (1984) Tourist-income multipliers for Turkey. Tourism Management, 5 (4), 280-287
• Loukissas, P. J. (1982) Tourism's regional development impacts: A comparative analysis of the Greek islands. Annals of Tourism Research, 9 (4), 523-541
• National Statistic Committee of Kyrgyz Republic. (2001) Tourism in Kyrgyzstan
• Bishkek (Национальный статистический комитет Кыргызской республики (2001) Туризм в Кыргызстане, Бишкек)
• National Statistic Committee of Kyrgyz Republic. (2004) Tourism in Kyrgyzstan 1999- , Bishkek (Национальный статистический комитет Кыргызской республики (2004) Туризм в Кыргызстане 1999-2003, Бишкек.)
• Norlen, D. (2000) The Kumtor Gold Mine: Spewing Toxics From On High.
• (http://www.pacificenvironment.org/reports/kumtor.htm) Ondimu, K. I. (2002) Cultural tourism in Kenya. Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (4), 1047
• Papadopoulos, S. I & Mirza, H. (1985) Foreign tourism in Greece: An economic analysis. Tourism Management, 6(2), 125-137
• Romanchuk N. (2002) Research Paper: Bribery in Kyrgyz State Universities. Is there anything to worry about? http://uk.geocities.com/balihar_sanghera/qrmnadezhdaromanchukbriberyinuniv ersities.html
• Ryan, C. (1998) Emerging Mass Tourism in the South--reflections on the Social
• Opportunities and Costs of National and Regional Tourism in Developing Countries. Tourism Management, 19 (5), 489-490
• Sadler, P.G. & Archer, B. H. (1975) The economic impact of tourism in developing countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 3 (1), 15-32
• Sindiga, I. (1996) International tourism in Kenya and the marginalization of the Waswahili. Tourism Management, 17 (6), 425-432
• Snow, J. C & Wall, G. (1993) Tourism employment: Perspectives from Bali. Tourism Management, 14 (3), 195-201
• Somerville, H. (2004) Travel, tourism and the environmental challenges. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5 (1), 65-71
• Sugiyarto, G; Blake, A. & Sinclair, M. T. (2003) Tourism and globalization: Economic
• Impact in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research, 30 (3), 683-701
• Summary, R. (1987) Estimation of tourism demand by multivariable regression analysis
• Evidence from Kenya. Tourism Management, 8 (4), 317-322
• Sun, D. & Walsh, D. (1998) Review of studies on environmental impacts of recreation and tourism in Australia. Journal of Environmental Management, 53 (4), 323-338
• Teo, P. (1994) Assessing socio-cultural impacts: the case of Singapore. Tourism Management, 15 (2), 126-136
• Tosun, C. (1998) Roots of unsustainable tourism development at the local level: the case of Urgup in Turkey. Tourism Management, 19(6), 595-610
• Tosun, C. & Jenkins C.L. (1996) Regional planning approaches to tourism development: the case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 17 (7), 519-531
• Tosun, C. & Timothy D. J. (2001) Shortcomings in planning approaches to tourism development in developing countries: the case of Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13 (7), 352-359
• Travis, A. S. (1982) Managing the environmental and cultural impacts of tourism and leisure development. Tourism Management, 3 (4), 256-262
• Tsartas, P. (1992) Socioeconomic impacts of tourism on two Greek isles. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(3), 516-533
• Uysal, M. & Crompton, J. L. (1984) Determinants of demand for international tourist flows to Turkey. Tourism Management, 5 (4), 288-297
• Wagner, J. E. (1997) Estimating the economic impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (3), 592-608
• Witt, S. F. (1987) Economic impact of tourism on Wales. Tourism Management, 8 (4), 316
• World Travel and Tourism Council. (2004). http://www.wttc.org/2004tsa/frameset2a.htm