Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Studies on Cortinarius caerulescens (Schaeff.) Fr. a New Record for Turkish Mycota

Abstract

Cortinarius caerulescens (Schaeff.) Fr. was given as a new record for the Turkish macromycota from Şemdinli district of Hakkari province, Turkey. Short description of the newly reported species was given together with its photographs related to macro and micromorphologies and described briefly. In addition to macro/micro characters, DNA sequences of nrDNA ITS (Internal Transcribed spacer) and LSU (D1/D2, Large subunit) regions were used to support the recognition of the studied specimen as a new record. 

Keywords

• Cortinarius,fungal phylogeny,ITS,LSU,new record

Türkiye Mikotası İçin Yeni Bir Kayıt Olan Cortinarius caerulescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Üzerinde Filogenetik ve Taksonomik Çalışmalar

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Hakkari ilinin Şemdinli ilçesinden Cortinarius caerulescens (Schaeff.) Fr. türü Türkiye makromikotası için yeni kayıt olarak verilmiştir. Türün kısa tarifi, makro ve mikromorfolojiyle ilgili fotoğraflarıyla birlikte verilip kısaca açıklanmıştır. Makro/mikro karakterlere ek olarak, incelenen örneğin yeni bir kayıt olarak tanınmasını desteklemek için nrDNA ITS (Transkripsiyonu yapılabilen aralayıcı bölgeler) ve LSU (D1 / D2, Büyük alt birim) bölgelerinin DNA dizileri kullanılmıştır.

Keywords

• Cortinarius,fungal filogeni,ITS,LSU,yeni kayıt

References

1. Arora, D. Mushrooms demystified. ten speed press: Berkeley, CA (1986).
2. Bidaud, A., Moënne-Loccoz, P., Reumaux, P., Atlas des Cortinaires. Cle generale des sousgenres, sections et series. Ed. Fédérat. Mycol. Dauphiné-Savoie (1994).
3. Brandrud, T.E., Lindström, H., Marklund, H., Melot, J., Muskos, S., Cortinarius, Flora Photographica. Vol. 1-5 (English version). Härnösand (1990-2018).
4. Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F., Fungi of Switzerland. Vol.5, Verlag Mykologia, Lucerne, Switzerland (2000).
5. Doyle, J.J., Doyle, J.L., A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue, Phytochemical Bulletin, 19, 11-15 (1987).
6. Felsenstein, J., Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap, Evolution, 39: 783–791 (1985).
7. Frøslev, T.G., Matheny, P.B., Hibbett, D.S. Lower level relationships in the mushroom genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): A comparison of RPB1, RPB2, and ITS phylogenies, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37(2):602-18 (2005).
8. Frøslev, T.G., Jeppesen, T.S., Læssoe, T., Kjøller, R., Molecular phylogenetics and delimitation of species in Cortinarius section Calochroi (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44: 217–227 (2007).

9. Garnica, S., Weiß, M, Oertel, B., Oberwinkler, F., A framework for a phylogenetic classification in the genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) derived from morphological and molecular data, Canadian Journal of Botany, 83: 1457–1477 (2005).
10. Garnica, S., Weiß, M., Oertel, B., Ammirati, J.F., Oberwinkler, F., Phylogenetic relationships in Cortinarius, section Calochroi, inferred from nuclear DNA sequences, BMC Evol Biol, 9:1. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-1 (2009).
11. Güngör, H., Solak, M.S., Allı, H., Işıloğlu, M. ve Kalmış, E., New records for Turkey and contributions to the macrofungal diversity of Isparta Province, Turkish Journal of Botany, 39: 867-877 (2015).
12. Index fungorum, CABI Bioscience Databases, http://www.indexfungorum.org (last accession: 03. 06. 18)
13. Kirk P.F., Cannon, P.F., Minter D.W., Stalpers J.A., Dictionary of the fungi, 10th ed. CAB International. Wallingford, UK (2008).
14. Knudsen, H., Vesterholt, J., Funga Nordica, 2nd edition, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, 2. vols, 1083 pp (2008).
15. Knudsen, H., Vesterholt, J., Funga Nordica, 2nd edition, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, 2. vols, 1083 pp (2012).
16. Kuo, M., The genus Cortinarius. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/cortinarius.html (last accession: 03. 06. 18)
17. Liimatainen, K., Towards a better understanding of the systematics and diversity of Cortinarius, with an emphasis on species growing in boreal and temperate zones of Europe and North America, Academic dissertation, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences of the University of Helsinki (2013).
18. Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Kytövuori, I., Ammirati, J.F., Frøslev, T.G., The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era, Persoonia, 33, 98–140 (2014).
19. Moser, M., Horak, E., Cortinarius Fr. und nahe verwandte Gattungen in Südaamerika. Beihefte zur, Nova Hedwigia, 52: 1–628, 116 plts., 20 color plts (1975).
20. Moser, M., Die Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze. In Kleine Kryptogamenflora, Band II b/2. 5th ed. Edited by H. Gams. G. Fischer, Stuttgart (1983).
21. Niskanen, T., Kytövuori, I., Key F: subgenus Telamonia sects Bovini, Illumini, Saturnini, Sciophylli, Subbalaustini and Sordescentes. In: Knudsen H, Vesterholt J, editors. Funga Nordica, 2nd revised edition. Agaricoid, Boletoid, Clavarioid, Cyphelloid and Gastroid Genera. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordsvamp Press, pp. 847-856 (2012).
22. Niskanen, T., Liimatainen, K., Ammirati, J.F., Five new Telamonia species (Cortinarius, Agaricales) from Western North America, Botany, 91: 478-485 (2013).
23. Ortega, A., Mahiques, R., Study of some species of the genus Cortinarius, section caerulescens (R. Henry) ex Moënne-Loccoz & Reumaux in peninsular Spain, Mycotaxon, 83: 435-445 (2002).
24. Ortega, A., Suarez-Santiago, V.N., Reyes, J.D., Morphological and ITS identification of Cortinarius species (section Calochroi) collected in Mediterranean Quercus woodlands, Fungal Diversity, 29: 73-88 (2008).
25. Peintner, U., Moser, M.M., Thomas, K.A., Manimohan, P., First records of ectomycorrhizal Cortinarius species (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) from tropical India and their phylogenetic position based on rDNA ITS sequences, Mycological Research, 107 (4): 485–494 (2003).
26. Peintner, U., Moncalvo, J.M., Vilgalys, R., Toward a better understanding of the infrageneric relationships in Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), Mycologia, 96:5, 1042-1058 (2004).
27. Sesli, E., Denchev, C.M., Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey. 6th edn. Mycotaxon Checklists Online. 1-136. (http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/sesli-v106-checklist.pdf) (2014).
28. Sesli, E., Cantharellus ianthinoxanthus (R.Maire) Kühner (Cantharellaceae) ve Cortinarius rubicundulus (Rea) A.Pearson (Cortinariaceae), Türkiye mikotası için iki yeni kayıt. II. Ulusal Mikoloji Günleri, İstanbul, Turkey, 9-11 September, 1 (1):1-1 (2015).
29. Sesli, E., Türkekul, İ., Akata I. Niskanen T., New records of Basidiomycota from Trabzon, Tokat, and İstanbul provinces in Turkey, Turkish Journal of Botany, 40: 531-545 (2016).
30. Sesli, E., Cortinarius ve Lyophyllum cinslerine ait yeni kayıtlar, Mantar dergisi, 9:18-23 (2018).
31. Sesli E., Liimatainen, K., Cortinarius conicoumbonatus (Cortinarius subgen. Telamonia sect. Hinnulei): a new species from spruce-beech forests of the East Black Sea Region of Turkey, Turkish Journal of Botany, 42:327-334 (2018).
32. Soop, K., Cortinarius in Sweden I + II. 14. edition. Editions scientrix. Sweden (2014).
33. Stefani, F.O.P., Jones, R.H., May, T.W., Concordance of seven gene genealogies compared to phenotypic data reveals multiple cryptic species in Australian dermocyboid Cortinarius (Agaricales), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 71:249-60 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.10.019 (2014).
34. Stensrud, O., Orr, R.J.S., Roberg, K.R., Schumacher, T., Hoiland, K., Phylogenetic relationships in Cortinarius with focus on North European species, Karstenia, 54: 57–71 (2014).
35. Tamura, K., Nei, M., Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees, Mol Biol Evol., 10: 512–526 (1993).
36. Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., M., Kumar, S., MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0, Mol. Biol. Evol., 30(12): 2725–2729 (2013).
37. Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., Gibson, T.J., Clustal W improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice, Nucleic Acids Research, 22: 4673–4680 (1994).
38. Uzun, Y., Acar, İ., Akata, I., Akçay, M.E., Three new records for Turkish Cortinarius from Bingöl province, Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6 (3): 160-163 (2013).
39. Vilgalys, R., Hester, M., Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species, Journal of Bacteriology, 172: 4239-4246 (1990).
40. Wen, J., Zimmer, E.A., Phylogeny and Biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng Genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 6:167–177 (1996).