Düzkır Mağarasının (Niğde, Aladağlar) İçi ve Dışından Alınan Toprak Örneklerinde Cryptococcus neoformans ve Histoplazma capsulatum Varlığının Araştırılması

Abstract

Mağaralar, karanlık, düşük sıcaklık ve yüksek neme sahip ortamlar olup, organik madde girdisinin olmaması gibi koşullar nedeni ile çoğunlukla ekstrem ortamlar olarak tanımlanır. Bu ekstrem koşullar nedeni ile mağaraların mikrobiyal çeşitliliğini başlıca enerji kaynağı olarak indirgenmiş inorganik bileşikleri kullanabilen kemolitotrofik mikroorganizmalar oluşturmaktadır. Ancak insanlar aracılığı ile mağaralara yabancı mikroorganizmaların taşınması ve insan kaynaklı organik maddelerin mağaralara girişi sonucunda da mağaraların doğal biyolojik özellikleri bozulmaktadır. Bunun yanında mağaraların başta yarasalar gibi kanatlı memelilerin dışkıları olmak üzere doğal faunayı oluşturan hayvanların artıkları Cryptococcus neoformans ve Histoplazma capsulatum gibi birçok patojen organizma için uygun kolonizasyon ortamını oluşturmaktadır.  Bu maya türünün insanlarda direkt temas veya solunum yolu ile bulaştığında ciddi hastalıklara yol açtığı düşünüldüğünde, bu mağarayı herhangi bir amaçla ziyaret eden bireyler için tehlike arz edeceği açıktır.  Bu nedenle çalışmamızda Niğde’de bulunan Düzkır Mağara’sının içinden ve dışından alınan toprak örneklerinde Cryptococcus neoformans ve Histoplasma capsulatum varlığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Mağara içine ait toprak örneklerinin birinden Cryptococcus genusuna ait bir izolat elde edilmiş, izolatın fenotipik ve genotipik yöntemler kullanılarak tanısı doğrulanmıştır. Ancak Histoplasma capsulatum saptanmamıştır. Ayrıca çalışmamız ülkemizde mağara toprak örneklerinden Cryptococcus neoformans izolasyonu ile ilgili ilk çalışma olması açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

• Cryptococcus neoformans,Histoplasma capsulatum,mağara mikrobiyolojisi

Investigation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum in soil samples taken from inside and outside of Düzkır Cave (Niğde, Aladağlar)

Abstract

Caves are defined as extreme environments because of they are dark, in low temperatures and high in humidity and they lack the entries of organic materials. Due to these extreme conditions, the microbial diversity of caves is composed of chemolithotrophic microorganisms that can use reduced inorganic compounds as their energy source. However, the natural biological properties of caves are deteriorating because of the entrance of new microorganisms and human related organic matters due to humans. Besides this, caves are appropriate colonization environments for pathogenic microorganisms such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplazma capsulatum. Since the natural fauna of caves involve winged mammals such as bats and the faeces of these animals. Since this yeast is known to be causing serious health problems by direct contact or inhalation, it is clear that it will possess a risk for people who with any purpose visits these caves. For this reason, this study aims to determine the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum in inside and outside of the soils of Duzkir Cave. As a result of this study, one isolate of Cryptococcus species was acquired from one of the soil samples taken from inside the cave and it is confirmed as C. neoformans by using phenotypical and genotypical methods. However, Histoplasma capsulatum was not detected. The presented study is the first study involving Cryptococcus neoformans isolation from cave soil samples in Turkey.

Keywords

• Cryptococcus neoformans,Histoplasma capsulatum,cave microbiology

References

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