Evaluation of in Vitro Antiviral Activity of Cultured Pleurotus ostreatus Against Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV)

Abstract

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading cause of serious upper and lower respiratory infections in infants, children, elderly adults and people of all ages with respiratory, heart or immunodeficiency. The requirement for new methods of virus control and prevention is crucial to reducing the number of people affected by HRSV. Fungi contain the precursor compounds of drugs with novel mechanisms of antiviral action. This study, whose ultimate goal is to identify anti-HRSV drug candidates, was conducted to determine whether methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm having antiviral activity against HRSV. Antiviral activity of extracts against HRSV was assessed by colorimetric XTT test. The concentration of extracts providing 50% protection against HRSV was defined as EC50 and the selectivity index (SI) was determined from the CC50 (concentration showing 50% cellular cytotoxicity) to EC50. Ribavirin (RBV) was used as a positive control for anti-HRSV activity. According to cytotoxicity results; the most toxic extract was methanol with the values of 12500 µg/mL for MNTC and 23811.05 for CC50, and it was followed by ethanol (3125 µg/mL for MNTC and 5967.67 for CC50) and aqueous extract (3125 µg/mL for MNTC, 6622.28 for CC50). These values for RBV was 0.98 µg/mL MNTC and 117.00 CC50. As a result of the research, the strongest antiviral activity against HRSV showed methanol extract with 2910.57 µg/mL EC50 and 8.18 SI values, followed by ethanol (EC50: 900.71 µg/mL, SI: 6.63) and water (EC50: 1654.55 µg/mL, SI: 4.00) extracts, respectively. In conclusion, we can say that P. ostreatus extracts are worthy of further work in fighting HRSV infection (detection of the active compound/compounds responsible for anti-HRSV activity). This study is the first report of P. ostreatus for anti-HRSV activity.

Keywords

• Antiviral activity
• human respiratory syncytial virus
• colorimetric XTT test
• Pleurotus ostreatus

Kültüre Alınmış Pleurotus ostreatus’un İnsan Respiratuvar Sinsityal Virüsü (HRSV)’ne Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

İnsan respiratuvar sinsityal virüsü (HRSV), bebekler, çocuklar, yaşlı yetişkinler ile solunum, kalp veya immun sistem yetersizliği olan her yaştan insanlarda ciddi üst ve alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonunun önde gelen nedenlerindendir. Virüsün kontrolü ve önlenmesine yönelik yeni yöntemlere olan gereksinim, HRSV’den etkilenen insanların sayısını azaltmak için son derece önemlidir. Mantarlar, yeni antiviral etki mekanizmalarına sahip ilaçların öncü bileşiklerini içerirler. Nihai hedefi anti-HRSV ilaç adaylarını tespit etmek olan bu çalışma, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm’dan elde edilen metanol, etanol ve su ekstrelerinin HRSV’ye karşı antiviral aktiviteye sahip olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ekstrelerin HRSV’ye karşı antiviral aktivitesi kolorimetrik XTT testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ekstrelerin HRSV’ye karşı %50 koruma sağlayan konsantrasyonu EC50 olarak tanımlanmış ve CC50 (%50 hücresel sitotoksisite gösteren konsantrasyon)’nin EC50’ye oranından da seçicilik indeksi (SI) belirlenmiştir. Ribavirin (RBV) anti-HRSV aktiviteye yönelik pozitif kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Sitotoksite sonuçlarına göre, en toksik ekstre 12500 µg/mL MNTC (Maksimum non toksik konsantrasyon) ve 23811.05 CC50 ile metanol olup, bunu 3125 µg/mL MNTC, 5967.67 CC50 değerleriyle etanol ve 3125 µg/mL MNTC, 6622.28 CC50 değerleriyle su ekstresi izlemiştir. RBV için ise bu değerler 0.98 µg/mL MNTC ve 117.00 CC50 dir. Araştırma sonucunda, HRSV’ye karşı en güçlü antiviral aktiviteyi 2910.57 µg/mL EC50 ve 8.18 SI değeri ile metanol ekstresi göstermiş, bunu sırasıyla, etanol (EC50: 900.71 µg/mL, SI: 6.63) ve su (EC50: 1654.55 µg/mL, SI: 4.00) ekstreleri takip etmiştir. RBV için bu değerler 4.19 EC50 ve 27.92 SI tir. Sonuç olarak, P. ostreatus ekstrelerinin HRSV’ye karşı klinikte kullanılan ilaçlara karşı bir alternatif olarak geliştirilebilmesi için daha ileri çalışmalara layık olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bu çalışma, P. ostreatus’un anti-HRSV aktivitesine yönelik ilk rapordur.

Keywords

• Antiviral aktivite,
• insan respiratuvar sinsityal virüsu
• kolorimetrik XTT testi
• Pleurotus ostreatus

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