Düzkır Mağarasının (Niğde, Aladağlar) İçi ve Dışından Alınan Toprak Örneklerinde Cryptococcus neoformans ve Histoplazma capsulatum Varlığının Araştırılması

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 17 - 22, 25.04.2019

Özlem Abacı Günyar , Ayşegül Yoltaş Mustafa Yamaç , Alev Haliki Uztan

Abstract

Mağaralar, karanlık, düşük sıcaklık ve yüksek
neme sahip ortamlar olup, organik madde girdisinin olmaması gibi koşullar
nedeni ile çoğunlukla ekstrem ortamlar olarak tanımlanır. Bu ekstrem koşullar
nedeni ile mağaraların mikrobiyal çeşitliliğini başlıca enerji kaynağı olarak
indirgenmiş inorganik bileşikleri kullanabilen kemolitotrofik mikroorganizmalar
oluşturmaktadır. Ancak insanlar aracılığı ile mağaralara yabancı
mikroorganizmaların taşınması ve insan kaynaklı organik maddelerin mağaralara
girişi sonucunda da mağaraların doğal biyolojik özellikleri bozulmaktadır.
Bunun yanında mağaraların
başta yarasalar gibi kanatlı memelilerin dışkıları olmak üzere doğal faunayı
oluşturan hayvanların artıkları Cryptococcus
neoformans ve Histoplazma capsulatum
gibi birçok patojen organizma için uygun kolonizasyon ortamını
oluşturmaktadır.  Bu maya türünün insanlarda
direkt temas veya solunum yolu ile bulaştığında ciddi hastalıklara yol açtığı
düşünüldüğünde, bu
mağarayı herhangi bir amaçla ziyaret eden bireyler için tehlike arz edeceği
açıktır.  Bu nedenle çalışmamızda
Niğde’de bulunan Düzkır Mağara’sının içinden ve dışından alınan toprak
örneklerinde Cryptococcus neoformans
ve Histoplasma capsulatum varlığının
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Mağara içine ait toprak örneklerinin birinden Cryptococcus
genusuna ait bir izolat elde
edilmiş, izolatın fenotipik ve genotipik yöntemler kullanılarak tanısı
doğrulanmıştır. Ancak Histoplasma capsulatum saptanmamıştır. Ayrıca
çalışmamız ülkemizde mağara toprak örneklerinden Cryptococcus neoformans izolasyonu ile ilgili ilk çalışma olması
açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, mağara mikrobiyolojisi

Investigation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum in soil samples taken from inside and outside of Düzkır Cave (Niğde, Aladağlar)

Abstract

Caves
are defined as extreme environments because of they are dark, in low
temperatures and high in humidity and they lack the entries of organic
materials. Due to these extreme conditions, the microbial diversity of caves is
composed of chemolithotrophic microorganisms that can use reduced inorganic
compounds as their energy source. However, the natural biological properties of
caves are deteriorating because of the entrance of new microorganisms and human
related organic matters due to humans. Besides this, caves are appropriate
colonization environments for pathogenic microorganisms such as Cryptococcus
neoformans and Histoplazma
capsulatum. Since the natural fauna of caves involve winged
mammals such as bats and the faeces of these animals. Since this yeast is known
to be causing serious health problems by direct contact or inhalation, it is
clear that it will possess a risk for people who with any purpose visits these
caves. For this reason, this study aims to determine the presence of Cryptococcus
neoformans and Histoplasma
capsulatum in inside and outside of the soils of Duzkir Cave. As a
result of this study, one isolate of Cryptococcus species was
acquired from one of the soil samples taken from inside the cave and it is
confirmed as C. neoformans by using
phenotypical and genotypical methods. However, Histoplasma capsulatum was not detected. The presented study is the
first study involving Cryptococcus neoformans isolation from cave soil
samples in Turkey.

Keywords

Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, cave microbiology

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