Determination of Genetic Diversity by Classification of Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Tomato Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in Aegean Region
Abstract
Tomatoes
are one of the widely grown vegetables worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum (Schltdl, 1824) is a pathogen of plants which
causes vascular wilt. The phytopathogenic strains cause destructive vascular
wilt disease and often limit the production. However, isolates in the same
vegetative compatibility group (VCG) are more genetically similar than
vegetatively incompatible ones. Therefore, VCG tests are useful to determine
genetic diversities or similarities.
Sixty
Fusarium oxysporum samples were taken
from twenty different regions. Samples were phenotypically identified as Fusarium sp. (Link, 1809) according to microscopic observations and media
characteristics. After identification, nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were
determined. Then, they were divided into four phenotypic mutant classes and
then vegetative compatibility tests are performed.
Six
nit1 mutants, six nitM mutants and, five nit3 mutants are found for every
district. Sixty-six crossing show that twenty-seven pair of samples are
determined as same VCG, thirty-nine couple of samples is defined as different
VCG.
According
to these results, minimum genetic variants have been found between samples. Our
study could help to understand linkages between parasexual recombination and
pathogenicity.
This
study financially supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects
Coordination Foundation.
References
- Alborch, L., Bragulat, M.R. and Cabanes, F.J. (2009). Comparison of two selective culture media for the detection of Fusarium infection in conventional and transgenic maize kernels, Applied Microbiology, 50 (3) 266-294.
- Bacon, C. W., and Yates, I. E. (2006). Endophytic root colonization by Fusarium Species: 21 Histology, plant interactions, and toxicity. In Microbial Root Endophytes, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 133–152.
- Glass, N.L., Jacobson, D.J. and Shiu, P.K. (2000). The genetics of hyphal fusion and vegetative incompatibility in filamentous ascomycete fungi. Annual Review of Genetics, vol. 34, 165-186.
- Gordon, T. R. and Martyn, R. D. (1997). The evolutionary biology of Fusarium oxysporum, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., vol. 35, 111–128.
- Ignjatov M., Milošević D., Nikolić, Z., Gvozdanović-Varga, J., JovičićGordana Zdjelar J. (2012) Fusarium oxysporum as causal agent of tomato wilt and fruit rot, Pestic. Phytomed., 27(1), 25–31.
- Klein, K.K., Correll, J.C. (2001). Vegetative compatibility group diversity in Fusarium. In B.A. Summerell, J.F. Leslie, D. Backhouse, W.L. Bryden, & L.W. Burgess (Eds.), Fusarium - Paul E. Nelson Memorial Symposium, 392.
- Klıttıcht, C.J.R., Leslıe, J.F. (1999) Chlorate-resistant, nitrate-utilizing (crn) mutants of Fusarium, Journal of General Microbiology, 721- 727.
- Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S., Vasić, T. (2013). The use of vegetative compatibility tests for ıdentification of biodiversity of phytopathogenic fungi, Pestic. Phytomed., 28 (3), 157–165.
- Leslie, J.F. and Summerall, B.A. (2006). The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, Blackwell Publishing, 388.
- Leslie, J.F., (1993). Fungal vegetative compatibility, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 31, 127-150.
- Moore, D., Robson, G.D., Trinci, A.P.J. (1978). 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi, Second Edıtıon, Cambridge University Press 7.5, 1-7.
- Okungbowa, F. I., Shittu, H. O. (2012). Fusarıum wılts: an overvıew, Environmental Research Journal, 6 (2) 122-134.
- Pál, K., Diepeningen, A.D., Varga, J., Hoekstra, R.F., Dyer, P.S., & Debets, A.J.M. (2007). Sexual and vegetative compatibility genes in the aspergilli, Studies in Mycology, vol. 59, 19-30.
- Puhalla, J.E. (1985). Classification of strains of Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of vegetative compatibility, Canadian Journal of Botany, 63(2), 179-183.
- Samson, R.A., Houbraken, J., Thrane, U., Frisvad, J.C., Andersen, B. (2010). Food and indoor fungi, CBS Laboratory Manual Series, 192-193.
- Zainudin, N.A.I.M., Ismail, N.A., Nor, N.M.I.M., Razak, A.B., Sidique, S.N.M., Salleh, B. (2009). Nıtrate non-utılızıng mutants and vegetatıve compatıbılıty groups of Fusarıum prolıferatum and f. saccharı ısolated from rıce ın the penınsular malaysıa and kalımantan, ındonesıa, Journal of Plant Protectıon Research, 49 (2) 233-238.
- Zhao M., Ji H., Gao Y., Cao X., Mao H.Y., Ouyang S-Q. (2018). An integrated analysis of mRNA and sRNA transcriptional profiles in tomato root: Insights on tomato wilt disease, PloS ONE, vol. 13(11), 238.
Ege Bölgesindeki Domates Patojeni Fusarium oxysporum’un Vejetatif Uyumluluk Gruplarının Belirlenmesi İle Genetik Çeşitliliğ Saptanması
Abstract
Domates bitkisi dünya
çapında geniş dağılıma sahip bir bitkidir. Fusarium
oxysporum (Schltdl, 1824) ise domateste
fide baygınlığına sebep olan bir patojendir. Fitopatojen olan suşların sıklıkla
yıkıcı vasküler baygınlık ile üretimin sınırlanmasına sebep olurlar. Aynı
vejetatif uyumluluk grubunda (VCG) bulunan izolatlar, genetik olarak birbirine
uyumsuz olanlara göre daha fazla genetik benzerliğe sahiptirler. Bu sebep ile
VCG testleri genetik çeşitliliği veya benzerliği saptamak için kullanışlı
yöntemlerdir.
Altmış F. oxysporum yirmi farklı bölgeden
toplanmıştır. Sonrasında, örnekler fenotipik olarak mikroskopik gözlemler ve
besiyeri karakteristiklerine göre Fusarium
sp. (Link, 1809) olarak tanılanmıştır.
Tanılama sonrasında, nitratı kullanamayan (nit) mutantları tanılanmıştır.
Sonrasında örnekler dört farklı fenotipik mutant sınıfına ayrılmıştırlar. Daha sonrasında
vejetatif uyumluluk testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, her bir
bölge için altı adet nit1 mutantı, altı adet nitM mutantı, beş adet nit3
mutantı saptanmıştır. Altmışaltı çaprazlama sonucunda; yirmi yedi çift örnek
aynı VCG’de gruplanmıştır, otuz dokuz çift örnek ise farklı VCG’de bulunmuştur.
Bu sonuçlara göre,
toplanan örnekler arasındaki minimum genetik çeşitlilik belirlenmiştir. Bu
çalışma paraseksüel rekombinasyon ile patojenite arasındaki ilişkinin
anlaşılabilmesine katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Bu çalışma Ege
Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından
desteklenmiştir.
References
- Alborch, L., Bragulat, M.R. and Cabanes, F.J. (2009). Comparison of two selective culture media for the detection of Fusarium infection in conventional and transgenic maize kernels, Applied Microbiology, 50 (3) 266-294.
- Bacon, C. W., and Yates, I. E. (2006). Endophytic root colonization by Fusarium Species: 21 Histology, plant interactions, and toxicity. In Microbial Root Endophytes, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 133–152.
- Glass, N.L., Jacobson, D.J. and Shiu, P.K. (2000). The genetics of hyphal fusion and vegetative incompatibility in filamentous ascomycete fungi. Annual Review of Genetics, vol. 34, 165-186.
- Gordon, T. R. and Martyn, R. D. (1997). The evolutionary biology of Fusarium oxysporum, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., vol. 35, 111–128.
- Ignjatov M., Milošević D., Nikolić, Z., Gvozdanović-Varga, J., JovičićGordana Zdjelar J. (2012) Fusarium oxysporum as causal agent of tomato wilt and fruit rot, Pestic. Phytomed., 27(1), 25–31.
- Klein, K.K., Correll, J.C. (2001). Vegetative compatibility group diversity in Fusarium. In B.A. Summerell, J.F. Leslie, D. Backhouse, W.L. Bryden, & L.W. Burgess (Eds.), Fusarium - Paul E. Nelson Memorial Symposium, 392.
- Klıttıcht, C.J.R., Leslıe, J.F. (1999) Chlorate-resistant, nitrate-utilizing (crn) mutants of Fusarium, Journal of General Microbiology, 721- 727.
- Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S., Vasić, T. (2013). The use of vegetative compatibility tests for ıdentification of biodiversity of phytopathogenic fungi, Pestic. Phytomed., 28 (3), 157–165.
- Leslie, J.F. and Summerall, B.A. (2006). The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, Blackwell Publishing, 388.
- Leslie, J.F., (1993). Fungal vegetative compatibility, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 31, 127-150.
- Moore, D., Robson, G.D., Trinci, A.P.J. (1978). 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi, Second Edıtıon, Cambridge University Press 7.5, 1-7.
- Okungbowa, F. I., Shittu, H. O. (2012). Fusarıum wılts: an overvıew, Environmental Research Journal, 6 (2) 122-134.
- Pál, K., Diepeningen, A.D., Varga, J., Hoekstra, R.F., Dyer, P.S., & Debets, A.J.M. (2007). Sexual and vegetative compatibility genes in the aspergilli, Studies in Mycology, vol. 59, 19-30.
- Puhalla, J.E. (1985). Classification of strains of Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of vegetative compatibility, Canadian Journal of Botany, 63(2), 179-183.
- Samson, R.A., Houbraken, J., Thrane, U., Frisvad, J.C., Andersen, B. (2010). Food and indoor fungi, CBS Laboratory Manual Series, 192-193.
- Zainudin, N.A.I.M., Ismail, N.A., Nor, N.M.I.M., Razak, A.B., Sidique, S.N.M., Salleh, B. (2009). Nıtrate non-utılızıng mutants and vegetatıve compatıbılıty groups of Fusarıum prolıferatum and f. saccharı ısolated from rıce ın the penınsular malaysıa and kalımantan, ındonesıa, Journal of Plant Protectıon Research, 49 (2) 233-238.
- Zhao M., Ji H., Gao Y., Cao X., Mao H.Y., Ouyang S-Q. (2018). An integrated analysis of mRNA and sRNA transcriptional profiles in tomato root: Insights on tomato wilt disease, PloS ONE, vol. 13(11), 238.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | 2nd International Eurasian Mycology Congress (EMC’ 19) |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 26, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 10 Issue: 3 |
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