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Havasal Aspergillus İzolatlarının Antifungal Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 105 - 109, 24.10.2025

Abstract

Çalışmamız ile bina dışı havada bulunan Aspergillus genusu üyelerinin yoğunlukları ve klinik antifungallere karşı duyarlılık/dirençlilik durumları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Manisa il merkezinde belirlenen 5 istasyondan gravimetrik yöntemle hava örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında toplam 1877 mikrofungus kolonisi sayılmış ve 102 Aspergillus sp. izolatı elde edilmiştir. Bu izolatların identifikasyonu sonucu altı farklı tür tespit edilmiştir. Antifungal duyarlılık testleri için klinikte sıklıkla tercih edilen amfoterisin B, flukonazol ve itrokonazol kullanılmıştır. İncelenen mikrofungus izolatlarının her üç antifungalin tedavi dozlarına karşı değişik oranlarda dirençlilik geliştirdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

References

  • Baltussen, T.H., Zoll, J., Verweij, P.E. ve Melchers, W.G. (2020). Molecular mechanisms of conidial germination in Aspergillus spp. Microbiol Molecular Biol Rev. 84, 1-31.
  • Chazalet, V, Debeaupuis, J.P., Sarfati, J., Lortholary, J., Ribaud, P., Shah, P., Cornet, M., Thien, H.V., Gluckman, E., Brücker, G. ve Latge, J.P. (1998). Molecular typing of environmental and patient isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from various hospital settings. J Clin Microbiol. 36: 1494-1500.
  • Ghodsi. S., Nikaeen, M., Abastalebian, S., Mohammadi, R. Ve Mirhendi, H. (2025). Prevalence of fungi and their antifungal and disinfectant resistance in hospital environments: insights into combating nosocomial mycoses. Antimic Res Infect. 14: 1-12.
  • Ghorai, S., Banik, S.P., Verma, D., Chowdhury, S., Mukherjee, S. ve Khowala, S. (2009). Fungal biotechnology in food and feed processing. Food Res Int. 42: 577-87.
  • Jenks, J.D. ve Hoenigl, M. (2018). Treatment of aspergillosis. J Fungi. 4, 2-17.
  • Kalyoncu, F. ve Ekmekçi, S. (2008). Culturable airborne fungi in outdoor environments in Manisa, Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull. 17, 844-48.
  • Klich, M.A. (2002). Identification of common Aspergillus species. First Edition, CBS Publication, Utrecht.
  • Kortenbosch, H.H., Leuven, P.V., Heuvel, C., Schoustra, S.E., Zwaan, B.J. ve Snelders, E. (2024). Catching some air: a method to spatially quantify aerial triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. App Environ Microbiol. 90 (7): 1-15.
  • Ozkutuk, A., Ergon, C., Metin, D.Y., Yücesoy, M. ve Polat, S.H. (2008). Comparison of disk diffusion, E-test and broth microdilution test in determination of susceptibility of Aspergillus species to amphotericin B, itraconazole and voriconazole. J Chemother. 20: 87-92.
  • Pfaller, M.A., Messer, S.A., Hollis, R.J. ve Jones, R.N. (2002). Antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphoteri¬cin B against 239 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: report from SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.46 (4): 1032-7.
  • Raper, K.B. ve Fennell, D.I. (1965). The Genus Aspergillus. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore.
  • Sesli, E., Asan, A. ve Selçuk, F. (edlr.) Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H., Aydoğdu, H., Berikten, D., Demirel, K., Demirel, R., Doğan, H.H., Erdoğdu, M., Ergül, C.C., Eroğlu, G., Giray, G., Halikî Uztan, A., Kabaktepe, Ş., Kadaifçiler, D., Kalyoncu, F., Karaltı, İ., Kaşık, G., Kaya, A., Keleş, A., Kırbağ, S., Kıvanç, M., Ocak, İ., Ökten, S., Özkale, E., Öztürk, C., Sevindik, M., Şen, B., Şen, İ., Türkekul, İ., Ulukapı, M., Uzun, Ya., Uzun ve Yu.,Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. İstanbul: Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayınları. Syf 1177.
  • Shah, A., (2005). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergy Clin Immunol Int. 17: 172-80.
  • Sobral, L.V., Sousa, B.R., Lima, J.M., Lima, D.X., Barbosa, R.N., Neto, R.G. ve Souza-Motta, C.M. (2024). Airborne fungi in hospital environment, profile of antifungal susceptibility and allergenicity. Rev Obs Econ Latinoame. 22 (10): 1-29.
  • Tillie-Leblond I. ve Tonnel A.B. (2005). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergy. 60: 1004-13.
  • White, J.K., Nielsen, J.L., Poulsen, J.S. ve Madsen, A.M. (2021). Antifungal resistance in isolates of Aspergillus from a pig farm. Atmosphere. 12, 1-12.
  • Verweij P.E., Zhang, J., Debets, A.J., Meis, J.F., Veerdonk, F.L., Schoustra, S.E., Zwaan, B.J. ve Melchers, W.G. (2016). In-host adaptation and acquired triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a dilemma for clinical management. Lancet Infect Dis. 16 (11): 251-60.

Determination of Antifungal Susceptibility of Aerial Aspergillus Isolates

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 105 - 109, 24.10.2025

Abstract

Our study aimed to determine the density, and clinical antifungal susceptibility/resistance of Aspergillus genus members in outdoor air. For this purpose, air sampling was performed by gravimetric method from 5 stations determined in Manisa city center. Within the scope of the study, a total of 1877 microfungus colonies were counted and 102 Aspergillus sp. isolates were obtained. As a result of the identification of these isolates, six different species were identified. Amphotericin B, fluconazole and itroconazole, which are frequently preferred in clinics, were used for antifungal susceptibility tests. It was determined that the examined microfungus isolates developed resistance at different rates to the treatment doses of all three antifungals.

References

  • Baltussen, T.H., Zoll, J., Verweij, P.E. ve Melchers, W.G. (2020). Molecular mechanisms of conidial germination in Aspergillus spp. Microbiol Molecular Biol Rev. 84, 1-31.
  • Chazalet, V, Debeaupuis, J.P., Sarfati, J., Lortholary, J., Ribaud, P., Shah, P., Cornet, M., Thien, H.V., Gluckman, E., Brücker, G. ve Latge, J.P. (1998). Molecular typing of environmental and patient isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from various hospital settings. J Clin Microbiol. 36: 1494-1500.
  • Ghodsi. S., Nikaeen, M., Abastalebian, S., Mohammadi, R. Ve Mirhendi, H. (2025). Prevalence of fungi and their antifungal and disinfectant resistance in hospital environments: insights into combating nosocomial mycoses. Antimic Res Infect. 14: 1-12.
  • Ghorai, S., Banik, S.P., Verma, D., Chowdhury, S., Mukherjee, S. ve Khowala, S. (2009). Fungal biotechnology in food and feed processing. Food Res Int. 42: 577-87.
  • Jenks, J.D. ve Hoenigl, M. (2018). Treatment of aspergillosis. J Fungi. 4, 2-17.
  • Kalyoncu, F. ve Ekmekçi, S. (2008). Culturable airborne fungi in outdoor environments in Manisa, Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull. 17, 844-48.
  • Klich, M.A. (2002). Identification of common Aspergillus species. First Edition, CBS Publication, Utrecht.
  • Kortenbosch, H.H., Leuven, P.V., Heuvel, C., Schoustra, S.E., Zwaan, B.J. ve Snelders, E. (2024). Catching some air: a method to spatially quantify aerial triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. App Environ Microbiol. 90 (7): 1-15.
  • Ozkutuk, A., Ergon, C., Metin, D.Y., Yücesoy, M. ve Polat, S.H. (2008). Comparison of disk diffusion, E-test and broth microdilution test in determination of susceptibility of Aspergillus species to amphotericin B, itraconazole and voriconazole. J Chemother. 20: 87-92.
  • Pfaller, M.A., Messer, S.A., Hollis, R.J. ve Jones, R.N. (2002). Antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphoteri¬cin B against 239 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: report from SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.46 (4): 1032-7.
  • Raper, K.B. ve Fennell, D.I. (1965). The Genus Aspergillus. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore.
  • Sesli, E., Asan, A. ve Selçuk, F. (edlr.) Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H., Aydoğdu, H., Berikten, D., Demirel, K., Demirel, R., Doğan, H.H., Erdoğdu, M., Ergül, C.C., Eroğlu, G., Giray, G., Halikî Uztan, A., Kabaktepe, Ş., Kadaifçiler, D., Kalyoncu, F., Karaltı, İ., Kaşık, G., Kaya, A., Keleş, A., Kırbağ, S., Kıvanç, M., Ocak, İ., Ökten, S., Özkale, E., Öztürk, C., Sevindik, M., Şen, B., Şen, İ., Türkekul, İ., Ulukapı, M., Uzun, Ya., Uzun ve Yu.,Yoltaş, A. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi. İstanbul: Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayınları. Syf 1177.
  • Shah, A., (2005). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergy Clin Immunol Int. 17: 172-80.
  • Sobral, L.V., Sousa, B.R., Lima, J.M., Lima, D.X., Barbosa, R.N., Neto, R.G. ve Souza-Motta, C.M. (2024). Airborne fungi in hospital environment, profile of antifungal susceptibility and allergenicity. Rev Obs Econ Latinoame. 22 (10): 1-29.
  • Tillie-Leblond I. ve Tonnel A.B. (2005). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergy. 60: 1004-13.
  • White, J.K., Nielsen, J.L., Poulsen, J.S. ve Madsen, A.M. (2021). Antifungal resistance in isolates of Aspergillus from a pig farm. Atmosphere. 12, 1-12.
  • Verweij P.E., Zhang, J., Debets, A.J., Meis, J.F., Veerdonk, F.L., Schoustra, S.E., Zwaan, B.J. ve Melchers, W.G. (2016). In-host adaptation and acquired triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a dilemma for clinical management. Lancet Infect Dis. 16 (11): 251-60.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Mycology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Yağmur Eker 0009-0003-2092-5430

Fatih Kalyoncu 0000-0003-3912-9373

Publication Date October 24, 2025
Submission Date July 3, 2025
Acceptance Date August 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eker, Y., & Kalyoncu, F. (2025). Havasal Aspergillus İzolatlarının Antifungal Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi. Mantar Dergisi, 16(2), 105-109. https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1698268

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