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FAİZSİZ BANKACILIĞIN GELENEKSEL BANKACILIĞA UYARLANMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 474 - 497, 31.07.2021

Erol Süleyman Gündüz Kamil Uslu

https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.976572

Abstract

Faizli uygulama iktisadi ve toplumsal hayatın temellerinden olan kredi alışverişi ve bankacılığın özüne ilişkin bir faktör olmayıp, aksine hem talep ve hem de arz tarafında paydaşların en iyi çıkarlarına hizmet etmemektedir. O yüzden bankacılıktan faiz nosyonunu çıkararak sektörün daha iyi bir performans göstermesini amaçlıyoruz.
Çalışmamızda konvansiyonel bankacılığın faizsiz yapıda yeniden kurulmasına yönelik bir modelleme yapılmıştır. Modellemede Arrow-Debreu türü bir genel denge modeline bankacılık sektörü dahil edilmiş ve bankaların ekonominin genel dengesi içindeki rol ve önemi açıklanmıştır. Söz konusu genel denge modelinde finansal piyasaların tam veya eksiksiz olduğu (complete financial markets) varsayımı temel alınmıştır. Bu modellemenin dışında faizsiz bankacılık sisteminde faizsiz tüketici kredilerinin nasıl yürütülebileceğine yönelik bir örnek faizsiz kredilendirme ve geri ödeme sunumu yapılmıştır.
Çalışmada kredi mekanizmasının faiz temelli çalıştırılmasının yaratıcısı veya hızlandırıcısı olduğu bazı sorunlara değinilmiştir. Bunlar arasında faiz sermayesinin siyaseti kontrol ederek savaşların çıkmasında etkin olması, döngüsel ekonomik yapı, küçük firmaların krediye erişiminin kısıtlanması, faiz tabanlı redi mekanizmasının arz tarafında da küçük tasarruf sahiplerinin piyasa kârlarından yeterince pay almasını engellemesi, sosyal sorumluluğu olan sürdürülebilir bir büyüme ve çevre bilincini zayıflatması gibi sorunlar sayılabilir. Bilinen finans tarihi boyunca faizin hukuki durumu da Hinduizm, Yahudilik, sistemik düşünürler, Hristiyanlık ve İslam bakımından değerlendirilmiştir

Keywords

Faizsiz Bankacılık Geleneksel Bankacılık Uyarlama

References

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  • GENÇ, Mehmet. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Devlet ve Ekonomi, 7. Basım, İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, 2010.
  • HASSAN, M. Kabir and LEWIS Mervyn K. Handbook of Islamic Banking, Edward Elgar Publishing UK, 2007.
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  • KOTLIKOFF, Laurence J.. Jimmy Stewart is Dead: Ending the World’s Ongoing Financial Plague with Limited Purpose Banking, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey USA, 2010.
  • KURT, İsmail. Para Vakıfları – Nazariyat ve Tatbikat, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2015. http://www.isav.org.tr/img/20160611__2958185077.pdf (05.07.2017).
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  • MISHKIN, Frederic S. Para Teorisi-Politikası, İlyas Şıklar, Ahmet Çakmak ve Suat Yavuz (Çev.), İstanbul, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, 2000.
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  • PARASIZ, İlker. İktisada Giriş, 6. Baskı, Bursa: Ezgi Yayınları, 2000.
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Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 474 - 497, 31.07.2021

Erol Süleyman Gündüz Kamil Uslu

https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.976572

Abstract

References

  • ABREU, Dilip ve BRUNNERMEIER, Markus K. “Bubbles and Crashes”, Econometrica, Vol. 71, No. 1, (January 2003), ss. 173-204, http://www.princeton.edu/~markus/research/papers/bubbles_crashes.pdf, (20/06/2011).
  • AHMED, Osman Babikir. Islamic Financial Instruments to Manage Short-term Excess Liquidity, Islamic Development Bank, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Research Paper No.41, First edition, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1997.
  • ARICAN, Erişah; TANINMIŞ YÜCEMEMİŞ, Başak; ERDİLEK KARABAY, Melisa ve IŞIL, Gökhan. “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Ölçek Ekonomileri, Pazar Hakimiyeti ve Rekabet Gücü, Maliyet Etkinliği ve Ölçek Ekonomilerine İlişkin Ekonometrik bir Uygulama”Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, Yayın No. 278, İstanbul, 2011. https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/Upload/Dokuman/797/olcek. pdf, (14.11.2015).
  • ARROW, Kenneth J., “The Role of Securities in the Optimal Allocation of Risk-bearing”, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 31, No. 2. (Apr., 1964), pp. 91-96. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0034-6527%28196404%2931%3A2%3C91%3ATROSIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D, http://www.eco.uc3m.es/docencia /microii/Arrow.pdf, (17/12/2019).
  • ARROW, Kenneth J., DEBREU, Gerard. “Existence of an Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy”, Econometrica, Vol. 22, No. 3. (Jul., 1954), pp. 265-290, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9682%28195407%2922%3A3 %3C265%3AEOAEFA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B, (15/12/2019).
  • BAGEHOT, Walter. Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market, 1. Basım, London: Henry S. King and Co., 1873. http://www.econlib.org/ library/Bagehot/bagLom2.html, (19/07/2010).
  • BAŞCI, Erdem, KARA, Hakan, Finansal İstikrar ve Para Politikası, TCMB Çalışma Tebliği No:11/08, Mayıs 2011, https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/099f342d-30d4-429a-82fe-6de03aa2fc36/WP1108.pdf?MOD= AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-099f342d-30d4-429a-82fe-6de03aa2fc36-m3fB8WN, (11/08/2017).
  • BAYINDIR, Abdülaziz. “İslam’da Faiz Mefhumu ve Unsurları”, Para, Faiz ve İslam, Derleyen: Sabri Orman ve İsmail Kurt, İstanbul: İSAV (İslami İlimler Araştırma Vakfı Yayınları), 1987.
  • BERGER, Allen N. ve MESTER Loretta J. “Explaining the dramatic changes in performance of US banks: technological change, deregulation, and dynamic changes in competition”, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Vol. 12, Issue 1, Jan 2003, ss.57-95, https:doi.org/10.1016/S1042-9573(02)00006-2, (20/10/2019).
  • BODENHORN, Howard. Two Centuries of Finance and Growth in the United States, 1790-1980, NBER Working Paper No. 22652, September 2016, https://www.nber.org/papers/w22652, 25/03/2019.
  • CECCHETTI, Stephen G, KHARRUBI Enisse, “Why does financial sector growth crowd out real economic growth?”, BIS Working Papers No. 490, February 2015, https://www.bis.org/publ/work490.htm, (16/09/2019).
  • ÇİZAKÇA, Murat. İslam Dünyasında ve Batı’da İş Ortaklıkları Tarihi, Şehnaz Layıkel (çev.), İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1999.
  • DEMİR, Abdullah. Şeyhülislam Ebussuud Efendi, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul, 2006.
  • DUNBAR, Charles F. The Theory and History of Banking. Oliver M. W. SPRAGUE ve Henry Parker WILLIS ekleri ile 4. ed., New York & London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1922, https://ia802605.us.archive.org/15/ items/theoryhistoryofb00dunbiala/theoryhistoryofb00dunbiala.pdf, (17/08/2017).
  • EKREN, Nazım. Uluslararası Bankacılık ve Türkiye Örneği, 1. Basım, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları, 1986.
  • ELGAR Edward, WRAY, L. Randall. Credit and State Theories of Money, The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes, 1. Baskı, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2004, http://arno.daastol.com/books/wray/Wray, %20Credit%20and %20State%20Theory%20of%20Money%20%282004%29a.pdf, (03.04.2016).
  • FAISAL, Syed Mohammad, Khan, Ahmad Khalid. Muamma (conundrum) of Riba (Interest and Usury) in Major Religions in General and Islam in Particular, The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention · February 2018, pp. 4438-4443, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323347822,
  • FISHER, Irving. The Money Illusion, Connecticut: 1927, snowballpublishing.com.
  • FISHER, Irving. The Rate of Interest, Its Nature, Determination and Relation to Economic Phenomena. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1907, https://cdn.mises.org/The%20Rate%20of%20Interest%20Its%20 Nature,%20Determination,%20and%20Relation%20to%20Economic%20Phenomena_2.pdf, (14/03/2017).
  • FLEURIET, Michel. Investment Banking Explained, First Edition, New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2008.
  • FREIXAS Xavier ve ROCHET, Jean-Charles. Microeconomics of Banking, 2. edition, Cambridge-Massachusetts, The MIT Press, 2008, https://edisciplinas.usp.br /pluginfile.php/3174321/mod_resource/content/2/ Microeconomics%20of%20Banking%20-%20Xavier%20Freixas%2C%20Jean-Charles%20Rochet%20PDF %20BOOK.pdf, (12/11/2019).
  • FRIEDMAN, Benjamin Milton ve SCHWARTZ, Anna Jacobson. A Monetary History of the United States: 1867-1960, New York: Princeton University Press, 1963, https://www.nber.org/books/frie63-1, (15/12/2016).
  • FRIEDMAN, Benjamin Milton. Capitalism and Freedom, 3. Baskı, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2002.
  • GENÇ, Mehmet. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Devlet ve Ekonomi, 7. Basım, İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, 2010.
  • HASSAN, M. Kabir and LEWIS Mervyn K. Handbook of Islamic Banking, Edward Elgar Publishing UK, 2007.
  • HOLY BIBLE, The New King James Version, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, 1990. IFSB - Islamic Financial Services Board, Islamic Financial Services Industry Stability Report 2019, July 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, https://www.ifsb.org/sec03.php#REPORTS, (22/10/2019).
  • KAZGAN, Haydar. Galata Bankerleri, I. Cilt, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Orion Yayınevi, 2005.
  • KOTLIKOFF, Laurence J.. Jimmy Stewart is Dead: Ending the World’s Ongoing Financial Plague with Limited Purpose Banking, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey USA, 2010.
  • KURT, İsmail. Para Vakıfları – Nazariyat ve Tatbikat, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2015. http://www.isav.org.tr/img/20160611__2958185077.pdf (05.07.2017).
  • KUTSAL KİTAP (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil), İstanbul:Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, Ekim 2014.
  • MANDAVILLE, Jon E. “Usurious Piety: The Cash Waqf Controversy in the Ottoman Empire”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Aug., 1979), ss. 289-308. http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist323/winter_2009/additional_readings/cash%20waqf.pdf, (11.04.2017).
  • MISHKIN, Frederic S. Finansal Piyasalar ve Kurumlar, İlyas Şıklar, Ahmet Çakmak ve Suat Yavuz (Çev.), İstanbul, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, 2000.
  • MISHKIN, Frederic S. Para Teorisi-Politikası, İlyas Şıklar, Ahmet Çakmak ve Suat Yavuz (Çev.), İstanbul, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, 2000.
  • MODIGLIANI, Franco ve MILLER, Merton H. “The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 48, No. 3 (Jun., 1958), pp. 261-297, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1809766, https://gvpesquisa.fgv.br/sites/gvpesquisa.fgv.br/files/arquivos/terra_-_the_cost _of_capital_corporation_finance.pdf, (10/01/2020).
  • MUNRO, John H. Usury, Calvinism, and Credit in Protestant England: from the Sixteenth Century to the Industrial Revolution, University Of Toronto, Economics Department, Working Paper No. 439, June 28, 2011, https://www.economics.utoronto.ca/public/workingPapers/tecipa-439.pdf, (25/06/2020).
  • OKTAR, Suat. Enflasyon Hedeflemesi, Para Politikasının Güvenilirliği ve Fiyat İstikrarı, İstanbul: Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, 1998.
  • BAYINDIR, Abdülaziz, “İslam’da Faiz Mefhumu ve Unsurları”, ORMAN, Sabri ve KURT, İsmail (ed.). Para, Faiz ve İslam., İstanbul: İSAV (İslami İlimler Araştırma Vakfı Yayınları), 1987.
  • PAMUK, Şevket. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Paranın Tarihi, 1. Basım, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2017.
  • PAMUK, Şevket. Osmanlı-Türkiye İktisadî Tarihi 1500-1914, 10. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2015.
  • PARASIZ, İlker. İktisada Giriş, 6. Baskı, Bursa: Ezgi Yayınları, 2000.
  • ROTHBARD, Murray N. A History of Money and Banking in the United States: The Colonial Era to World War II, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Old World Prints, 2002.
  • SHILLER, Robert J. The Subprime Solution: How Today's Global Financial Crisis Happened, and What to Do About It, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • SOLE, Juan. Introducing Islamic Banks into Conventional Banking Systems, IMF WP/07/175, 2007, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07175. pdf, (18/10/2018).
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Erol Süleyman Gündüz

Kamil Uslu

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Submission Date October 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 25

Cite

APA Gündüz, E. S., & Uslu, K. (2021). FAİZSİZ BANKACILIĞIN GELENEKSEL BANKACILIĞA UYARLANMASI. Finansal Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 13(25), 474-497. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.976572