Organo-Bentonit Üretimi ve Organo-Bentonitlerin Kirlilik Giderimi Çalışmalarında Kullanımı

Abstract

Son yıllarda organo-bentonitlerin birçok alanda kullanımının arttığı görülmektedir. Organo-bentonitler, bentonitlerden katı hal reaksiyonu veya iyon değişimi yöntemleriyle sentezlenirler. Ancak, çoğunlukla iyon değişimi yöntemi uygulanır ve çeşitli organik bileşik katyonlarının, bentonit yapısındaki katyonlarla yer değiştirmesiyle elde edilirler. Organik bileşik katyonunun yapısı ve üretim koşulları elde edilen organo-bentonitin özelliklerini etkilemektedir. Örneğin bentonit yapısında, uzun zincirli alkil amonyum katyonlarının kullanıldığı durumlarda, üretim koşullarına bağlı olarak bentonitte tabakalar arası boşluk mesafesinin fazlasıyla artması, üretilen malzemelerin yüzey özelliklerinin hidrofilden hidrofoba dönüşmesi, yüzey enerjisinin düşmesi veya yüzey yükünün negatiften pozitife dönüşmesi gibi, değişiklikler olabilmektedir. Organo-bentonitler kullanılarak kirlilik önleme ve çevresel iyileştirme, reolojik katkı malzemesi üretimini içeren endüstriyel uygulamalar, polimerik nanokompozit üretimini kapsayan malzeme bilimi araştırmaları gibi farklı alanlarda uygulanabilen çok sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Çevresel kirliliklerin gideriminde ve önlenmesinde organo-bentonitlerin kullanımı konularında yapılan araştırmalarda, endüstriyel atıklardaki kirliliklerin farklı özellikte olabileceği ve kirlilik gideriminde kullanılacak malzemenin bu kirliliklerin birçoğunu tutabilecek özelliklere sahip olması düşüncesinden yola çıkılarak, organo-bentonit üretilebilirliği ve üretilen organo-bentonitlerde anyonik, katyonik veya organik kirleticilerin soğurulması, ayrı ayrı veya birarada incelenmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmanın amacı, bentonitleri organik bileşiklerle modifiye ederek organo-bentonitlerin üretilmesi ve bu modifiye malzemelerin kirlilik gideriminde kullanımı çalışmalarıyla ilgili konularda bugüne dek yapılmış araştırmalarla ilgili önemli gelişmeleri değerlendirip, genel bir bakış sunarak literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır.

Keywords

• Organo-bentonit
• kuvaterner alkil amonyum
• adsorpsiyon
• soğurulma
• kirlilik giderimi

Production of Organo-Bentonites and Their Usage in Pollution Removal Studies

Abstract

Nowadays, organo-bentonite usage has been growing in many areas. Organo-bentonites are synthesized from bentonites by using solid state reactions or ion-exchange methods. Generally ion-exchange is applied and various organic cations are used. They are displaced with exchangeable cations found in bentonite structure. Organic cation properties and production conditions influence product properties. For instance, when the long chain alkyl ammonium cations are used, depending on the synthesis conditions basal space can be increased greatly, surface properties can change to hydrophobic, surface energy can decrease or surface charge can transform to positive. Many researches are made by using organo-bentonites in different fields such as pollution prevention, environmental improvement, rheological additive production for industrial applications and polymeric nanocomposite production for material science applications. In pollution related researches, the properties of the pollutants in wastes can be different and sorbent structure used should sorb many of these pollutants. Based on this idea, organo-bentonite producability under different experimental conditions is investigated and sorption/adsoption mechanisms of anionic, cationic, or organic pollutants onto these organo-bentonites are determined. Purpose of this study is to contribute literature by providing an overview including important developments about production and sorption studies of organo-bentonites with the help of researches executed so far.

Keywords

• Organo-bentonite
• quaternary alkylammonium
• adsorption
• sorption
• pollution removal

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